Chess: history, terminology. Moyo - masewera: zugzwang - izo ndi zolinga owonjezera, osati kutha

Njuga ndi Chess - ndi mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri masewera ano. Ndi zovuta kupeza mwamuna amasiku ano amene konse mu moyo wake unaima pa wakuda ndi woyera kanjedza bolodi, kuganiza mpaka ayendetsa mwaluso. Koma anthu ochepa ena kuposa osewera akatswiri bwino Chess terminology. Komabe, mfundo izi Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zomwe zinachitika pa moyo pagulu. "Zugzwang" - ndi imodzi mwa mawu awa.

A mbiri pang'ono

Njuga ndi Chess - ndi akale kwambiri masewera. Asayansi padziko lonse akhala kudziwa pamene iwo amaoneka. Akukhulupirira kuti njuga ankaimba kumbuyo mu Babulo wakale. Chess anaonekera pang'ono kenako - za imodzi ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo mu India. Lero, masewera onse amaonedwa kukhala ozindikira ndipo zatenga malo kwambiri mu yopuma wa anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira mmene kuganiza mwanzeru. Ndipo chifukwa cha chitukuko cha makompyuta, ndiponso mafoni anzeru, ndi kufalitsa ambiri Internet mkulu-liwiro tsopano akhoza kupikisana ndi mdani pafupifupi kulikonse, osati kudikira kwa abwenzi ku thebulo lapansi. Inu mukhoza kusankha player mlingo wake, ndipo musaope kuti zugzwang - ndi yekhayo njira mapeto njuga machesi.

Zofunika kwambiri

Kuphunzira nkhani iliyonse yatsopano nthawi zonse akuyamba ndi zida za cilamulo. Kuti athe paokha anabwera ndi mchitidwe chidwi, muyenera kukhala bwino ndi mafotokozedwe a zikwi kale ankaimba osakaniza. Ndipo zimenezi zikhoza kuchitidwa popanda chidziwitso cha mawu. Education mu chigawo chilichonse chinayamba ndi kufotokoza nkhani ya mmene manambalawo amatchedwa. Mphunzitsi anafotokoza oyamba amene mfumukazi, Ofisala, kuzungulira ndi loshad- izo lakuti cholakwika. Chiwerengerochi amatchedwa motere: mfumukazi, Rook, bishopu Knight. Woyamba awiri ikukhudzana bwanji ndi "katundu" gulu, wachiwiri - "kuwala". Total wina player akapolo eyiti, njovu awiri, kavalo ndi ngalawa, munthu mfumukazi ndi mfumu. zidutswa zonse kupita mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Akapolo - onse horizontally ndi vertically, njovu - diagonally, akavalo - kalata "G". Queens ndi mafumu ambiri kanjedza m'manja, choncho kuphatikiza masitaelo a ena.

Board ndi kalembedwe wa chimachititsanso

Chessboard tichipeza mabwalo 64: theka - woyera, ndi zina -Black. Pa mbali pali "woyera" ndi "wakuda" asilikali. M'maganizo mzere umene umawalekanitsa iwo amatchedwa demarcation. Yambani Party, kapena kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake - zosiyanasiyana gambits ndi chitetezo. The chachiwiri ndi motalikitsa gawo - izo middlegame. Izo ukutha ndi kugonjetsedwa, ndi pogwiritsa ndi Nkhata. Zugzwang - ichi ndi chinthu chifukwa wapakatikati. Ngati player ndi kuposa nthawi imene kuganiza za kuthamanga, iye ndi woluza. Pankhaniyi tinganene kuti anali pamavuto nthawi.

Lisamukira lililonse player zalembedwa pa mwapadera. Analongosola awo ntchito monga achidule kanjedza (Kr, F, C, A, K), ndipo amatanthauza contours (makalata) ndi verticals (manambala). Castling lemba ziro.

Chess terminology

Mayina a zinthu zambiri masewera ali pofotokoza zinthu zomwe zinachitika pa moyo pagulu. Ndi zovuta kupeza munthu amene sakudziwa kuti pamphasa. Mosiyana ndi Shah imeneyi ndi zosatheka kupulumutsa mfumu, ndipo zotsatira za masewera amakhala zosachita mapeto. Pat - kwenikweni amakakamizidwa ndi chiyani, chifukwa palibe osewera alibe mwayi kuchita maphunzirowo. Castling mu Chess zokhudza chitetezo cha mfumu, yochepa kapena yaitali. Zugzwang - ndi udindo pa zimene kusuntha lotsatira wina wa zipani adzakhala kumawonjezera vuto la masewera iye. Foloko - vuto adani awo akawaukira ndi zidutswa ziwiri basi mdani wake.

zugzwang malo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu opezeka mu German mabuku Chess zokhuza 19 atumwi. English analogue ambiri ntchito pambuyo dziko ngwazi Emanuel Lasker mu 1905. Koma lingaliro la ankadziwika osewera zugzwang kale akuti. Mu 1604 Alessandro Salvio, mmodzi wa ofufuza loyamba Chess, woyamba kufotokoza boma la zochitika. Ngakhale ena amaphunziro amanena kuti zugzwang limafotokonzera malemba Perisiya shatranj zokhudza 9 m'ma AD.

Moyo - masewera

Asungwana ndi anyamata ngati zidole komanso asilikali chidole. Pamodzi ndi iwo kutaya moyo wathu wa zinthu. Monga ife msinkhu, ife kudziunjikira zambiri, koma kufunika zochitika kayeseleledwe si inathetsedwa. Njuga ndi Chess makamaka - chitsanzo konyezimira. Iwo amakulolani kuthawa moyo weniweniwo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchita ndende ndi kukumbukira. Zugzwang mu Chess limatiphunzitsa kuti nthawi zina njira yabwino si kumeneko, kotero muyenera kuchita osati prokrastinirovat, kuyang'ana patsogolo sanali sakupezeka. Nthawi zina zothandiza kuti izo zipite, dikirani ndiyeno nkutenga zinthu mu manja awo. Shah - si mapeto, ndipo wofuna kuyesetsa kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu - kupewa mphasa! Ngakhale mwayi kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo ndi kumenya masewera alibe sinyamuka, chotero onse litapotanitsidwa pa inu!