Chigawo cha Bryansk: chiwerengero, chiwerengero, chuma, makampani

Chigawo cha Bryansk, chomwe chiwerengero chawo chakhala chikukumana ndi zotsatira za mkhalidwe woipa wa anthu zomwe zachitika m'zaka 20 zapitazo, ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Moscow. Chigawochi chimadziwika ndi mafakitale omwe alimi ndi ulimi, komanso ndi zoopsa za nthendayi, chikhalidwe, komabe, ku Russia lonse.

Geography ndi mavuto a chilengedwe a dera la Bryansk

Dera la Bryansk lili m'dera la East Europe Plain. Chigawo cha derachi chimakhala ndi nthambi ya mtsinje. Mchere amapezeka pansi penipeni kapena ngakhale ali pamwamba penipeni pa dziko lapansi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti azitha kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kumadera a dera la Bryansk pali nkhalango zambiri zomwe zinakonzeratu kuti pakhale chitukuko cha malonda ndi mitengo.

Vuto lalikulu pa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe chinali tsoka la Chernobyl, zotsatira zake zoipa zomwe zinakhudzidwa ndi gawo lachitatu la thumba la nkhalango. Pafupifupi magawo asanu ndi limodzi a madera a derali tsopano akutetezedwa.

Mphamvu za chiwerengero cha dera

Chigawo cha Bryansk, chomwe chiwerengero chawo ndi 0.83 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha dziko la Russian Federation, ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zomwe anthu amawerengera. Chiwerengero cha Bryans chakhala chikuchepa kuyambira zaka 90ties. Kupambana kwachindunji pakuwongolera kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha anthu kunkachitika kupatula mu 1996-1997, 1999 ndi 2010. Koma m'dera la Bryansk: kuyambira 1928, kusintha kwakukulu kunalembedwa mu 1970, 1989 ndi 1993-1995. Kuchokera kwa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, sipanakhalepo kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwa anthu a m'dera la Bryansk.

Ambiri mwa anthu (makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi anayi peresenti) ndi a ku Russia. Komanso anthu a ku Ukraine (anthu oposa 100 peresenti) amakhala ku Belarusian (makumi anayi ndi mazana atatu peresenti), Armenian (makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi zana mwa zana), Gypsies ndi Azerbaijanis (makumi atatu ndi makumi awiri mphambu zana mwa magawo 100) amakhalanso m'dera la Bryansk. Gawo la anthu a ku Russia omwe ali m'chigawo cha Bryansk akuchokera ku makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri mu 1959 mpaka makumi asanu ndi anai mphambu anayi mu 2010.

Kuthamanga kwa mizinda ndi makhalidwe ena a chikhalidwe cha dera la Bryansk

Dera la Bryansk, lomwe anthu ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamalonda, amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mizinda. Ngati mu 1959 chiŵerengero cha nzika zomwe zikukhala m'mizinda sichinafike pofika makumi awiri mphambu asanu peresenti, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2010 chiwerengero cha midzi chinali pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri. Makhalidwe a Bryansk ndi ukalamba wa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha akazi pa chiwerengero cha amuna - ziwerengerozi ndizo kayendetsedwe ka dera la Bryansk. Izi zikuwoneka bwino pakati pa okalamba.

Kugawikana: mizinda ndi madera a Bryansk dera

Derali liri ndi zigawo makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi mizinda inayi yofunika kwambiri, malo oyang'anira ndi mzinda wa Bryansk. Zigawo za m'dera la Bryansk, zimaphatikizapo midzi ndi midzi.

Kulamulira ndi kugawidwa kwa nkhani iyi ya Russian Federation kwakhala nthawi yaitali kukhala phunziro la kusintha kosatha. Motero, zigawo za dera la Bryansk zinakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndipo madera a dera lawo anali a chigawo cha Kiev, iwo anali mbali ya madera a Smolensk ndi Orel. Deralo linapangidwa ndi lamulo la Presidium ya Supreme Soviet ya USSR pa July 5, 1944.

Mizinda ikuluikulu ya dera la Bryansk imayimilidwa ndi maofesi otsogolera m'madera ena:

1. Bryansk. Anthu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni amakhala mumzindawu. Bryansk inagawidwa m'zigawo zinayi, dera lamatawuni limaphatikizapo malo a Bolshoye Polpino, Belye Berega ndi Raditsa-Krylovka.
2. Klintsy. Anthu zikwi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu imodzi amakhala mu malonda ndi malo azachuma kumwera kwa dera la Bryansk. Ntchito ya anthu imaperekedwa ndi makampani angapo ogulitsa mafakitale mumzinda.
3. Novozybkov. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, tawuni yaying'ono ndi mphambano yofunika kwambiri ya njanji, ndipo ku USSR mpikisanoyo ndi amene ankapanga masewera aakulu kwambiri. Masiku ano ku Novozybkov kuli anthu zikwi makumi anai.
4. Selco. Kuchokera zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi asanu ndi zitatu za m'ma 1900, kumangidwe kumeneku kunayamba kukula chifukwa chakumanga makampani ogulitsa mafakitale: chomera chofunikira, chitetezo ndi mphero. Masiku ano, chiwerengero cha mzinda uno wa dera la Bryansk chikuchepa, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi kachitidwe kake.

Malo akuluakulu (madera akumidzi) ndi Starodub ndi Fokino.

Chuma cha m'madera cha dera la Bryansk ndi mafakitale

Chikhalidwe cha chuma cha dera la Bryansk chimakonzedweratu ndi izi:

• Pafupi ndi pakati pa Russian Federation;
• Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma;
• Zolinga zachilengedwe, kupezeka kwa chuma;
• Kufufuza kwa dera lomwe lapanga mbiri;
• Malo amtunda, pafupi ndi malire;
• Zida zamakampani zomwe analandira mbiri yakale.

Madera a Bryansk amadziwika ndi ulimi wamakono, makampani ogulitsa magalasi komanso kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Maofesi akuluakulu a mafakitale ndi awa:

• Kupanga makina;
• Metal ntchito;
• Kupanga zida zolimba;
• Makampani owala ndi chakudya;
• Makampani a matabwa ndi mapulani.

Chigawo cha dera la Bryansk chimayimilidwa ndi makampani mazana atatu ndi akuluakulu apakati, komanso asanu ndi awiri ochepa. Pogulitsa katundu, gawo lalikulu kwambiri likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto, zipangizo, makina, zitsulo, matabwa ndi mankhwala.

Kufunika kwa kayendedwe ka zoyendetsa kudera la Bryansk

Dera la Bryansk, lomwe anthu ake sikuti amangogwira nawo ntchito, koma komanso m'magalimoto ndi mautumiki, ndi njanji yaikulu, msewu, mpweya wa mpweya, komanso mapaipi a mafuta ndi mafuta. Kudzera ku Bryansk kuti njira zochepa kwambiri zoyendetsa ndege zimadutsa mumzinda waukulu wa Ukraine kupita ku Western Europe, ndi St. Petersburg kumwera kwa Russia.

Njira yoyendetsa njanji imapangidwa m'deralo. Kutalika kwa misewu yomwe ili m'deralo kudutsa makilomita chikwi chimodzi, ndipo ndi chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa malowa malowa ali pamalo otsogolera ku Russia. Zofunika kwambiri ndi misewu yamagalimoto M3, M13, A141. Pa msewu wamlengalenga wapadziko lonse wogwirizanitsa Moscow ndi likulu la Ukraine ndi Western Europe, ndege ya ndege "Bryansk" ilipo. Palinso zida zamtundu zingapo m'maderawa.

Njira ya chitukuko cha zachuma ndi zachuma za dera

Akuluakulu a dera la Bryansk akuwona zolinga zowonjezera moyo wabwino ku chiwerengero chomwe chili pakati pa Central Federal District ndi kuzindikira zomwe zingatheke m'deralo. Mfundo zofunikira pa pulojekiti ya chitukuko ndizokopa zachuma m'madera oyambirira a zachuma, kukula kwa ndalama za anthu, kuchuluka kwa chitukuko (makamaka mphamvu).