Chikazaki mizinda. Kazakhstan kumzinda waukulu. Mizinda Chikazaki - mndandanda

Kazakhstan - Dziko lalikulu, lomwe munapanga kunyada yaikulu ya steppe ndi wongosamukasamuka. Koma si onse. Chonchi dziko wokongola kwa apaulendo - chikhalidwe chabwino malo ndi osiyanasiyana ndi mzinda zodabwitsa kunyamula West mwanaalirenji pamodzi bata Oriental.

zomangamanga awo ndi zinadzala ndi osati ano, komanso kalekale. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi weniweni zosowa Asian chikhalidwe mosamala amasunga miyambo ya m'mbuyomu.

nkhani

Deta oyambirira pa mizinda Kazakhstan akale lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Poyamba, midzi yaikulu ya dziko anali m'chigwa momasuka za pa Syr Darya Mtsinje ndi Mitsinje Zisanu ndi ziwiri. zofukulidwa m'mabwinja kum'mwera Kazakhstan anapezeka zotsalira za mizinda yakale anamanga ku chisanu - zaka chinayi.

M'dera chachikulu cha m'dera steppe anali anthu osamukasamuka. Ndi nzika ubale awo anali kovuta. Pakuti wongosamukasamuka midzi inali yaikulu malo malonda, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri anaukira iwo.

Mu dziko muli m'matauni ena kuti akhoza kudzitama wa masiku amakedzana ake. Zikuphatikizapo mzinda wa Kazakhstan monga Taraz, Shymkent ndi Turkestan.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri dziko anaonekera woyamba midzi Russian. Iwo Guryev ndi tawuni Yaitsky. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mwera anabwera kulamulira Russian. Idamangidwa m'matawuni ambiri, ambiri amene angapezeke pa mapu a makono a dziko.

M'zaka za zana makumi awiri mu Kazakhstan anachita migodi ikulu-ikulu kwa migodi. Mogwirizana ndi ntchito izi panali ambiri mizinda ano.

m'magawo utsogoleri

Monga mbali ya Kazakhstan ndi madera khumi ndi zinayi. Iwo zili mizinda eyite sikisi. Zikuphatikizapo Mega-mizinda kwambiri m'dziko. Awo awiri - Almaty ndi Astana. Kumzinda waukulu wa Kazakhstan - ndi Shymkent, Almaty, Karaganda ndipo, ndithudi, Astana. Dziko ali makumi asanu m'maboma zana eyiti ndi mudzi zana limodzi makumi anayi.

Mizinda Chikazaki, mndandanda wa amene anapereka m'munsimu, ndi malo a m'madera a dziko:

1. Ayenela-Kamenogorsk (East Kazakhstan dera.).
2. Taraz (Zhambyl Oblast.).
3. Karaganda (Karaganda dera.).
4. Aktobe (Aktobe dera.).
5. Taldykorgan (Almaty dera.).
6. Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda dera.).
7. Kostanay (Kostanay dera.).
8. Pavlodar (Pavlodar dera.).
9. Shymkent (South-Kazakhstan dera.).
10. Uralsk (West-Kazakhstan dera.).
11. Petropavlovsk (North-Kazakhstan dera.).
12. Kokshetau (Akmola dera).
13. Aktau (Mangistau dera.).
14. Atyrau (Atyrau Oblast.).

City ndi tanthauzo dziko, ndipo Cosmodrome. Pali otchuka padziko lonse eponymous cosmodrome, umene anausiya ndi Russia mpaka zikwi ziwiri mphambu makumi asanu.

likulu

Zoposa khumi Astana wakhala okongola ndi zamakono mzinda. Likulu achinyamata Kazakhstan mu zomangamanga si wolephera ambiri otchuka mitu dziko. Aliyense wa nyumba ya anamanga pano anachita mu kalembedwe Eurasian. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi ntchito zenizeni za luso la nyumba. Astana ndi chizindikiro otchuka pakati pa ufulu chuma ndi ndale cha Kazakhstan. M'dziko limeneli zapamwamba malo a moyo chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Ndi likulu la Kazakhstan ku mbali ya kumpoto. Linamangidwa pafupi Noor mtsinje, pa magombe a pa Ishim Mtsinje. Kuyambira nthawi okhala makedzana malo awa kwachititsa steppe madera, monga ili pa mphambano ya njira apaulendo. Mkati mzinda wamakono, akatswiriwa anapeza umboni okhala, chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa Mkuwa Age, Iron Age ndi Zapakati.

mumzindawo anakhazikitsidwa mu 1830 ndipo unali Cossack kumudzi. Anayambitsa Astana - msilikali F. K. Shubin. Patapita nthawi, malo otetezeka anayamba kukula mu mzinda. Ndipo pofika m'ma 19 Akmola anali yofunika geopolitical likulu la chigawo lonse. Kuyambira 1961 mzindawu anadzatchedwa Tselinograd. Popeza 1992, anakhala Akmola. Kuyambira 1998 - Astana. Likulu boma la Kazakhstan unali mzinda chakhumi mu December 1997 Panopa tsiku Astana ali makilomita lalikulu kuposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Ndi mzinda waukulu mu dziko.

Mutapeza udindo wa dera la chuma ku likulu Astana chimenechi chidza- nambala yaikulu ntchito chitukuko m'tawuni. Ndi kuchuluka anthu. Ngati mzinda lili ndi anthu 270 sauzande. Anthu mu 2006 chithunzi ichi adamukhudza zikwi mazana asanu mu 1996.

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha UNESCO, omwe anavomerezedwa mu 1999, Astana anali kupereka mutu wa "mzinda wa mtendere."

Alma-Ata

Mndandanda, womwenso unali waukulu kwambiri Kazakhstan, likulu la dzikolo mzinda si pa malo oyamba. Ndi patsogolo Alma-Ata. Kuyambira 1927, linali likulu la dzikolo. Ngakhale kulanda udindo wawo Astana, mzinda akhala yekha mzinda waukulu wa boma, lomwe ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa miliyoni. Komanso, Alma-Ata - pa zachuma komanso ndi chikhalidwe likulu la boma.

City imapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa cha Kazakhstan, pa phazi wa Trans-Ili Alatau. Nyengo mderali wokongola oti amanenedwa pa chilichonse.

Iwo anapeza anthu ambiri mumzinda waukulu wa Kazakhstan pakati pa Africa Eurasian. Akuti pa ufulu chimodzimodzi ndi iwo ali Gagra ndi Vladivostok. Nyumba ndi maofesi a Almaty tiri pa msinkhu wa mazana asanu ndi mamita makumi asanu pamwamba pa nyanja limodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi.

Nyengo mumzinda zimaonetsa fluctuation lalikulu la kutentha tsiku ndi pachaka. Kumpoto m'madera zogona kupita mu steppe otentha, ndi kum'mwera kumva mpweya wa oundana.

Karaganda

chapakati Kazakhstan mzinda wa utsogoleri-Kupititsa magawano ndi Karaganda dera. Ndi pakati pa Africa Eurasian. likulu dera ndi mzinda wa Karaganda. Ndi yaikulu pakati mafakitale ndi mafakitale, chikhalidwe ndi sayansi. anthu ake mu 2006 anali pafupifupi 452 zikwi. Man. Chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzindawo ndi wachinayi waukulu mu dziko.

Karaganda - yaikulu pakati dera, yomwe ili m'malire a mazana asanu ndi makilomita lalikulu makumi asanu. Mzindawu uli kwambiri amakampani wa luso lopanga, processing chakudya ndi zokhomakhoma, komanso migodi ya malasha. Apa anayamba zomangamanga zoyendera ndi aya.

Kuzipeleka dera mizinda khumi. Yokha Karaganda Temirtau ndi yaikulu. mizinda ina ku Kazakhstan, yomwe ili pakati pa gawo wake, Balkhash ndi Zhezkazgan, Satpayev Shakhtinsk, ndi Priozersk Saran ndi Abai. Tauni wamkulu m'deralo ndi Karkaralinsk. Idamangidwa ngati linga asilikali 1824

Koma nyengo, ndi m'dera Karaganda ali ndi khalidwe zikuchepa chokhala. Nyengo ndi wankhanza, ndi lina nthawi yotentha. Kuchuluka pachaka mpweya ndi negligible. Chilimwe zomera zimachitira adzafota, ndi yozizira mikuntho kwathunthu kuphimba msewu wonse. M'chaka chisanu chimasungunula, kutembenuzira mitsinje ndi zigwembe mu mitsinje mkokomo.

Shymkent

Iye ali pa mndandanda, womwenso m'mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri ya Republic of Kazakhstan. Shymken ndi pakati dera dera South Kazakhstan. izi

mzinda wamakono. Iwo amakhala pang'ono anthu oposa theka miliyoni. Shymkent osati mzinda wachitatu waukulu mu dziko. Komanso ndi yofunika chikhalidwe, zamalonda ndi mafakitale pakati. Apa lili sikisite-naini mabizinezi wa luso lopanga, akakhala zitsulo, processing chakudya, mafuta kuyenga ndi mafakitale mankhwala.

Ayenela-Kamenogorsk

Ndi likulu la dera East Kazakhstan, amene malire ndi China ndi Russia. mzinda ndi mayendedwe zazikulu ndi likulu mafakitale pakati pa midzi ya Altai Mountains. Tsiku maziko - 1720, pamene pa confluence a mitsinje Ulba ndi Irtysh kumanga linga kumbuyo anayamba. Kale, Ayenela-Kamenogorsk otchedwa chipata Altai mapiri, monga iye anadutsa maulendo onse mu mapiri.

Panopa, ndi yaikulu zitsulo likulu la dziko. Apa kufalitsidwa yopanga cadmium ndi siliva, golide ndi gallium. Yopangidwa makampani kuwala, adzasowa chakudya ndi nkhalango. Iwo amagwira ntchito mu Ayenela-Kamenogorsk fakitale kubala silika.

Cities kum'mawa Kazakhstan, ndipo alipo khumi, padziko Kazakhs ndi Russian. Achiwiri kukula pambuyo Ayenela-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk ndi. Komanso amatanthauza dera Chikazaki-East. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1718. Poyambirira, inali linga kumbuyo. Mabanja (Semipalatinsk) anali mkulu phindu malonda. Kudzera anapitirira kenako maulendo womangidwa kwa Russia kuchokera Mongolia ndi ku Central Asia ku Siberia. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, mabanja akhala doko zofunika pa Irtysh mtsinje chitukuko cha kutumiza. Mu Semipalatinsk, anayamba kupanga katundu ogula. Chikalata apa zingwe zamagetsi, kachitidwe yodzichitira, komanso zosiyanasiyana zida, zida ndi zipangizo.

Uralsk

Ndi likulu la dera West Kazakhstan. Malowa ali pamtunda pa zigwa kwabasi. Pafupi kuthetsa pali mtsinje Derkud, ndi tributary bwino Chagan. Uralsk (Kazakhstan) ndi wapadera malo m'mayiko ambiri. Pali malire yakumwamba ya Asia ndi ku Ulaya.

Tsiku maziko a mzinda - 1613 unali kuthetsa Cossack anaonekera mu malo awa.

Panopa, dera la mzinda ndi mabusa ake onse - makilomita lalikulu kuposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Kutalika kwa malo dera kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera - eyiti, ndipo kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - makilomita khumi ndi awiri. Uralsk anthu monga 2009 chinali 211 zikwi. Man. Ena mwa iwo ndi Kazakhs ndi Russian, Chitata, Ukrainians, Belarusians ndi Germany, komanso m'mayiko ena.

Ngati mndandanda wa mzinda wa Kazakhstan, amene mafakitale, mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe malo Republic, pakati pawo ndi kutchulidwa ndi Uralsk. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makamaka analimbitsa kufunika kwake zachuma ndi gawo la linanena bungwe mafakitale. Zimenezi zimathandiza ili mu wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu kuchokera mumzinda wa mafuta ndi munda mpweya condensate Karachaganak.

Makampani a Uralsk nawo m'mafakitale ambiri. Zikuphatikizapo mphamvu ndi injini, ufa, monga chimanga ndi chakudya. Yopangidwa pano zosavuta ndi kumanga makampani zakuthupi.

Petropavlovsk

mzinda uwu ndi likulu la dera North-Kazakhstan. Chimaonedwabe woyamba tsiku 1752 Mu nthawi iyi, malo Petropavlovsk lero anakhazikitsidwa Linga St. Peter.

Lero ndi Phungu wa ku Nyumba ya International wa mitu ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Komanso, mzinda wa Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) - mwini wake wa zimphona atatu a mpikisano wa mizinda bwino mu CIS.

Pakati dera pali makampani asanu ndi anayi zosiyana kayendedwe, mabungwe a boma ukugwira seventini chikhalidwe dera, amaphunzitsira ophunzira State University. M. Kozybayev.

miyalayo

M'chaka cha 1954, boma la USSR, anaganiza kuyamba pomanga Sokolov-Sarbai migodi processing chomera. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya miyala. mtawuni anakhazikitsidwa mu 1957 pa magombe a Tobol mtsinje dera la Turgai yachonde. Momuzungulira anatambasula steppe wosatha.

maonekedwe ake mzinda alitcha ndege Surganova. Pamene iye mu 1949 anali kuwulutsa pa malire zachilengedwe Sarbay, izo anafotokoza khalidwe osaka kampasi. Patapita nthawi apa anatumiza Akatswiriwa ndi geographers. Choncho munda Sokolovskoye anatulukira. City Rudny (Kazakhstan) inamangidwa mwachilungamo msanga. Mu 1959 iye anali kupereka udindo wa mzinda.

m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono

mzinda Kazakhstan ndi anthu a anthu mpaka zikwi makumi asanu ndi mwalamulo otchedwa yaing'ono. Awa, tawuni makumi limodzi ndi likulu la dera nkhawa. ena onse ayi. Pakati pawo, Temir ndi Stepnogorsk, Gemme ndi Emba, Tekeli ndi Kapchagai, Charsk ndi Serebryansk, Shakhtinsk ndi Priozersk, Kurchatov ndi Saran, Lisakovsk ndi Karazhal, Arkalyk ndi Aksu, Shu ndi Kazalinsk.