Yaikulu madzi oyera m'nyanja mu nkhokwe dziko la madzi - Nyanja Baikal

Natural amatunga, wodzazidwa ndi madzi abwino, kukhala pa nthawi zambiri ndi phindu kwa anthu anameretsa kuwonongeka kwambiri zachilengedwe yogwira ntchito zachuma.

The zambiri zimaonekeratu zimene chozizwitsa ndi Baikal - yaikulu madzi oyera m'nyanja mu nkhokwe dziko la madzi akumwa.

Kodi kuonanso?

Zimene i ayenera ayesedwa chinthu zachilengedwe, monga nyanja, kuti kupereka "lalikulu" udindo? Chief mwa izi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti lili. Ndi mu iyi mphamvu yachibadwa mosungiramo anapanga chifukwa cha magulu amphamvu kuti kusintha padziko lapansili. Mu mbali iyi ya Baikal - ndithudi yaikulu madzi oyera nyanza ya dziko. Ndi malo, ndi wolephera galasi Madamu asanu ili m'madera osiyanasiyana pa dziko, koma ngakhale waukulu wa iwo - Nyanja Aakulu, yomwe ili pa North America, ali buku theka kuchuluka. thupi ili la madzi, ndi gawo la Great Lakes, ndi bwino kuonekera malo, koma ngakhale pamodzi iwo ali aang'ono kuchuluka kwa madzi kuposa nyanja.

ulemerero nyanja

Komanso chombo kuonekera, kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala otchedwa Siberians nyanja. Ngati nyanja wabwinobwino, mu Baikal ali kumalo, pokhala ndi malo m'madzi a chilumba ndi chilumba archipelagos (zilumba zonse 27), ndi Chilumba chachikulu - Olkhon - ndi m'lifupi 12 Km akuwatsimikizira kutalika 71 Km.

Baikal - wapadera dongosolo zachilengedwe anakhazikitsa kusunga 20% ya nkhokwe dziko la madzi (buku yake - 23 600 mamita ^3). Chimphona kachigawo kutalika pafupifupi 620 Km ali ndi m'lifupi pazipita mamita 79 kuya pazipita, anayeza mothandizidwa ndi zida zamakono hydrological ndi 1642 m. Ndi yaikulu madzi oyera nyanza ya dziko mwakuya. Ngakhale pafupifupi kuya kwa nyanja - pa 740 mamita - kuposa pazipita akuluakulu malo onse madzi oyera chiyambi achilengedwe.

Ntchito chiphala kuti anatsagana mapangidwe ya Baikal beseni, nakweza lonse loyandikira m'dera pa 455 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi pansi pa vuto anakantha 1186,5 mamita pansi pa Chotero, mwa onse a dziko lapansi mabeseni chokhala pang'ono yosatheka ake.

dongosolo finely anatsekula

A wapadera dongosolo zachilengedwe, imene ndi yaikulu madzi oyera nyanza ya dziko - ichi ndi bwino ndinaganiza ndipo moyenera zikuchokera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene sizipezeka kwina kulikonse. Chief pakati pawo - Epischura baicalensis - Baikalian epishura - planktonic nkhanu nyama kukula za imodzi ndi theka millimeters, anadutsa madzi Baikalian amachotsa organics, kupanga izo mwapadera woyera ndi wolemera mu mpweya.

Makamaka mandala madzi mu kasupe, pamene muli osachepera algae, kenako kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndalama pa akuya 30-mita likhoza kuletsa masomphenya osauka.

madzi ozizira ndi oyera mukumveka yaikulu madzi oyera nyanza ya dziko - .. Malo a mitundu wapadera wa nsomba, ambiri amene ali kuderako, mwachitsanzo imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Baikal, wotchuka kwambiri a iwo ndi lodziwika bwino Arctic Cisco. Endemics ndiwo ambiri mwa mbalame zambiri ndi nyama.

nkhani

Phunziro la miyala amapanga Baikal mbale, asayansi sankaloledwa Akutsutsana za nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Baikal. Ena amanena kuti waukulu madzi oyera m'nyanja unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 20 miliyoni zapitazo dziko, ena amati nyanja sanakhale moyo motalika - zikwi khumi zaka zambiri, zivute zitani wodzazidwa ndi matope ndi kuwasandutsa dambo ndi. Otsutsa kuona izi ngati chifukwa chinanso kulankhula za exclusivity wa chinthu chachilengedwe.

No layamba Baibulo kuika patsogolo "wachinyamata" zaka nyanja ya Baikal 5-8 zikwi. Zaka kutsimikizira zonena ndi yogwira ntchito zivomerezi apitirira mu dera m'chigawo cha Baikal.

akomweko imene dzina la kumanzere "Barghouti", anali woyamba kuthetsa m'mphepete mwa Baikal. Iwo m'malo ndi Buryats, chilankhulidwe cha kuti ndipo ndi liwu lomwe tsopano limatchedwa yaikulu madzi oyera nyanza ya dziko. Dzina la Baikal - ndi ennobled ndi Cossacks Russian, anayenda kwa Nyanja Siberia mu XVII atumwi, Buryat "Baigal". Mwa matanthauzo ambiri a mawu - "wamphamvu ataima madzi" "olemera moto", "Mulungu, thupi wapamwamba wa madzi," etc ...

Chinthu chachikulu - kusunga

Ngakhale mu nthawi Soviet, vuto cha kuwonongeka kwa nyanja yaikulu anayamba modetsa nkhawa kufanana. Omangika pa mtsinje wa mphero ake pepala wakhala osati gwero la kuchotsako koyera Baikal madzi zinyalala, komanso chifukwa chodula mitengo pa ake nkhalango m'mphepete mkungudza, amene zinafuna mavuto aakulu kwambiri zomera ndi nyama ya m'dera Baikal.

Wina vuto - kukhalapo pakati pa kuposa 330 makhwawa okhazikika mwa nyanja ya Baikal mitsinje zazikulu ngati Selenga, wodziwika mu Baikal madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizinda ikuluikulu Mongolia ndi dera Baikal.

Komabe, kuopseza chachikulu - chizolowezi yopezera zachilengedwe amaonedwa ufulu onse phindu yomweyo popanda kuganizira za tsogolo lawo. Osati kuwina maganizo amenewa chilengedwe, sikutheka chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino. Baikal - woyera kwambiri wapatali diamondi, kuperekedwa ndi Russia ndi dziko, osayesa kuti adzaupulumutsa.