Chionetsero zithunzi - ndi chiyani ichi? Terms kukhudzana zithunzi

Intaneti SLR kamera tsopano pali pafupifupi mu banja lililonse, koma mmene angadzigwiritsire ntchito izo kumvetsa si aliyense mukusautsika. Ngati ndinu aspiring wojambula zithunzi, ndiye nkhaniyi kwa inu! Ndinakumana kujambula - ndizosowa mu kujambula akatswiri. Inu simungakhoze kuchita chimango ubwino uliwonse, ngati inu mulibe yankho za izo. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuphunzira kujambula. Iwo basi ayenera kudziwa malamulo kukhudzana kujambula. Magawo kuti zina mwa mfundo izi, pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti yodabwitsa kwambiri.

Kotero, ife tikuyang'ana pa zomwe zili chionetsero chithunzi. Kodi kupewa novice ojambula? Kodi loyamba kuphunzira terminology pulayimale, chifukwa popanda simungathe kumvetsa kapena mawu limodzi, ndipo simungathe kuchita kutsatira malangizo a nkhani akatswiri.

mawu

Chionetsero zithunzi - ichi ndi mndandanda wa magawo enieni, omwe ndi anatsekula kuti vuto limene kujambula. chida chanu, kudzera disolo, chimabala mpandawo kuchuluka kwa kuwala wolowera kuchokera kunja, ndipo akutumiza zoikamo malamulo. Good kuwala - kungathandize kwa chithunzi chabwino.

magawo kukhudzana

Tiyeni tione kufunika magawo kukhudzana.

• The zakulera (f). KHADZIKIKANI devaysa anu pamakhala woonda (pulasitiki kapena chitsulo), zomwe kutsegula ndi kutseka una mu disolo. Kabowo zimasokoneza kamwazi kuwunika umadutsa disolo. Khalidwe limeneli ikusonyezedwa ndi kalata f, pamene chithunzi m'vesi lotsatira posonyeza kufunika pang'ono kapena kwambiri. Pali chinthu monga f-chiwerengero. Iwo amaimira F / x. Mu kachigawo × - ndi maso Utali.
• Kagawo. chizindikiro ichi amayezedwa masekondi ndi tizigawo masekondi. Zikutanthauza padzuwa nthawi ya mtengo kuwala pa nkhani oona za kamera.
• Photosensitivity (ISO) akusonyeza mmene filimu kapena masanjidwewo atamvetsera kamwazi kuwala. The apamwamba chiwerengero cha ISO, ndi owala fano.

woyera bwino

Imodzi mwa magawo zofunika kwambiri kuwombera - yoyera bwino. BB ndi udindo kwa mitundu mafelemu wanu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro zovuta, zomwe mwina kukhudzidwa pa kuwombera yachibadwa. Zokwanira ikukonzekera chida chanu.

Izo zimachitika kuti wojambula zithunzi osakhutira ndi mamasulidwewo mtundu mu mafelemu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'pofunika kusintha woyera kudzibalanitsa nokha. Chifukwa chaichi, wapadera imvi khadi. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kungotenga chithunzi cha pepala cha pepala loyera. Ake chida anu, ndipo adzatenga buku. Pali njira ina mu zoikamo mukhoza kusankha imodzi mwa njira: Kwamitambo, Tungsten, fulorosenti kuwala ndi zina zotero.

Odziwa mukhoza mukamva mawu akuti "ekspopara" ndi "makona kukhudzana."

Ekspopara - ndi tandem kabowo ndi shutter liwiro. Ndinakumana Triangle - magawo onse atatu tatchulazi. Iwo ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kutenga zithunzi mode Buku, chifukwa kuno mukhoza ndikuika chizindikiro payekha. Inu muyenera kudziwa: kusintha aliyense wa magawo anasonyeza pa cipangizo.

Kuseweretsa zakulera: zotsatira bokeh

Kodi dzina oseketsa? Apa ndi pamene chithunzi limasonyeza munthu ndi momuzungulira inu mukuona maziko khungu, ndi maphunziro a akuda mabwalo, madontho, zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa, mikwingwirima akuda. Background amayang'ana kaso, ndi kanthu amalephera iye pamaso. zotsatira bokeh angathe mafano kwambiri wotopetsa kupanga mwaluso! Tiyeni titsegule kuchita.

makonda anu kuwala

Pa zomwe, mfundo, zimadalira mmene bokeh? Ngati mukufuna mutamachita mwapadera mphako, izo simungakhoze kuchita popanda Zosefera wapadera kuti Kungoti kuvala disolo. Kukhala amaona maziko basi ayenera ntchito pa zoikamo chida.

Choncho bokeh zimadalira:

• kuya kwa danga;
• digiri kuwombera zinthu kumunda.

Mlingo wa blur anatsimikiza ndi magawo zotsatirazi:

• Kabowo. Umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. The pamakhala zambiri anatsegula, m'pamenenso amaona maziko adzakhala. Nsonga! Samalani pamene khazikitsa kabowo kwambiri lotseguka. Ngati munthu wina mu chithunzi ichi chidzandichitira, osalephera, chabwino, gulu la anthu kapena nyumba zikuoneka kuzimitsa amaona. Gwiritsani bokeh zotsatira ndi mtima, osati paliponse ndi zogwirizana.
• The Utali. The apamwamba mtengo, m'pamenenso kutchulidwa zotsatira zake zidzakhalabe. Ngati Optics anu ofunika mandala mawonekedwe, zosavuta kupotokola lozungulira.
• Mtunda cholinga cha kuwombera. Kwambiri ndinu munthu, m'pamenenso mosavuta wokongola amaona maziko. Kodi si overdo izo, chifukwa chipangizo akadali ayenera kusintha kwambiri. Optimally, pakati pa munthu ndi maziko adzakhala mtunda wa mita imodzi. Ndiye maziko adzakhala mwaluso.

Anthu amene cithunzithunzi - ichi ndi chakudya, kupeza ntchito-kabowo magalasi. Ichi ndi mtengo akatswiri zida, koma ndi zotsatira mandala bokeh likukhalira lowopsya.

Kutchinga kuti tisaone komanso ali oyenera zazikulu mandala ndipo amaona magalasi chithunzi. Kufunika koyamba kwa kuwombera zinthu ochepa.

Bokeh zotsatira ndipo mabuku

Kuti akonze blur tingati muyenera kugula zambiri Zosefera mtengo ndi kamera mumandizunza zoikamo zovuta. Ambiri akatswiri opulumutsa amatanthauza kupezeka. Zimenezi zingakhale:

• polyethylene filimu;
• opepuka nsalu (chiffon, organza);
• mipango ndi chitsanzo chidwi.

zinthu izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko. Musaiwale: optimally pakati pa moyo ndi chinthu anali mtunda wa mita imodzi.

Pali njira ina ntchito thumba pulasitiki. Kukulunga padziko mandala, kotero kuti kunali kusiyana yaing'ono imene kupsa nkhaniyi. Otetezeka phukusi kungakhale tating'ono ting'ono tepi.

Dulani galasi wopanda feteleza, zikatoni, bwalo orgalipta kapena zina ankafunila mawonekedwe. Chotero fyuluta amamwa adzapanga wapadera chithunzi, koma momwe kukonza pa disolo. Nsalu kapena mipango akhoza adzaikidwa m'mphepete mwa disolo kupeza zotsatira zachilendo.

kukhudzana Kusintha

Chionetsero zithunzi - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane mmene sintha izo. Aliyense kamera ali quirks chake pa nyumbayi chionetserocho. Mu kabuku ka mudzapeza mmene ntchito "makiyi otentha" m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mu zipangizo Nikon a SLR ntchito batani Fn, mungathe kusintha ISO. Gudumu pafupi ndi zenera zingakuthandizeni kuti sintha ndi shutter liwiro. Kusintha kabowo, akanikizire batani kakang'ono pafupi ndi batani shutter kumasulidwa.

Theka-zodziwikiratu makamera mode SLR

Kuti zithunzi exposures osiyana, mukhoza kusankha imodzi mwa njira theka-zodziwikiratu wa chida cha. Izi lalikulu mwina chifukwa oyamba. Kusintha kokha chizindikiro imodzi yofunika kwambiri atatu, iwe padzuwa zoona digito kujambula.

Mu SLR akatswiri Canon chopangidwa kamera chizindikiro pa gudumu zikutanthauza TV shutter patsogolo; af - kabowo patsogolo.

Creative modes pa Nicon:

• M - Buku mode.
• P - theka-zodziwikiratu mode.

Nsonga! Oyamba agwiritsire ntchito mode theka-zodziwikiratu poganizira kabowo patsogolo kapena shutter liwiro. Buku mode kudzakhala kovuta poyamba. Sikuti wosalira moyo wanu ndi ntchito basi ndipo zoikamo. Malinga ndi chizolowezi, ndi yabwino, koma pa nthawi mudzakhala chabe aulesi kwambiri kumvetsa zoikamo ndipo mudzataya mwayi kuchita kujambula kulenga.

Professional malangizo pa nkhani zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri, koma zithunzi kwambiri adzamasulidwa pokhapokha inu narabatyvaniya amachita. Kuwombera monga inu mungathe, lembani mfundo za magawo a bwino poyera, komanso zizindikiro, zimene ziyenera kupewedwa.

Nsonga! Musanyalanyaze malangizo chida cha. Kudziwa zimenezi kwathunthu ingakuthandizeni kuti akatemera kwambiri.

lonse kukhudzana

The lonse kukhudzana ndi - ndi chizindikiro kuti limatiuza mmene lamanja anapereka mtengo wa makona lapansi. Pezani ntchito malangizo pa kamera wako kukhudzana mlingo chizindikiro. Tayang'anani pa iye. Kodi anakana ufulu? Chithunzi adzakhala kwambiri yowala. Kukachitika kumanzere - yaitali. Kukhoza kukhudzana kujambula - ndi pamene chilemba pa ziro.

Scale kukhudzana akhoza kusintha pamanja. Ngati kukhudzana malipilo amamasulidwa ku ziro, ndi chithunzi si kuwala kokwanira kapena mdima, ndiye kusewera ndi chizindikiro slider.

Metering mu chithunzi (modes)

Pali modes atatu kukhudzana kujambula. Izi masanjidwewo, malo ndi pafupifupi. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo:

• The masanjidwewo amatchedwanso ndi Mipikisano wofunika pafupifupi kapena multioznym. Ali wopanikizika, kamera yokha amachita metering mu zithunzi. Ntchito ayenera yunifolomu chiwalitsiro. Ndi mode kuvutanganitsidwa wopanda.
• Center-kulemetsedwa. Mode amapanga mantha pakati. M'mbali mwa zithunzi ndi ntchito. mode chachikulu ntchito zithunzi.
• Point. The mode kovuta kwambiri. Newbie sangathe kulimbana nazo. Wofanana ndi m'mbuyomu, koma muyeso zikuchitikadi 5% ya fano. Ntchito muyenera kuwombera chinthu bwino anayatsa ndipo anali ndi ozizira.

njira metering

Pamwamba pa maadiresi mitundu ya metering, koma iwo onse ndi drawback kwambiri. chifukwa ndi pang'ono anakhudzidwa ndi kuwala yozungulira, icho zimakhudza chinthu kuwombera. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga mbale ziwiri za masamba. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi lalanje, winayo - buluu. Kuyatsa mu chipinda chomwecho, ndi mbale kuwala imagwera wogawana. Ndi malo metering mtengo kukhudzana ndi ife tikupeza lililonse chinthu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mbale buluu ali chinyezimiro m'munsi, ndi wachikasu - kwambiri. Koma ngati inu muyang'ana, chiyenera kukhala, chifukwa zinthu kuyatsa za zinthu zofanana.

Kodi kuwala pa metering ndi

Chifukwa kusiyana pa chionetserocho pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwezo kuyatsa - mu reflectivity a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Inu mukhoza kupitiriza kuphunzira komanso kusintha mbale pa choyera ndi wakuda. Zounikira pa nthawi yomweyo sayenera kusinthidwa. Mwachibadwa, padzuwa kwa mbale wakuda ayenera kuposa ziwiya za kukhitchini moyera-. Kutsiliza: ngati metering si n'komwe chiwalitsiro cha chinthu kuwombera, ndi makhalidwe ake chinyezimiritso.

Ndinakumana chipinda mu foni

Kumvetsa padzuwa kujambula - izi zikutanthauza kudziŵa zithunzi kwambiri chida chilichonse! mafoni amakono zili ndi kamera kwambiri, ndipo zithunzi kukhala palibe kuposa kamera akatswiri. A chipangizo sayenda - ndi kuphatikiza yaikulu, chifukwa Sizotheka kunyamula chida buku galasi.

Mwatsoka, yaikulu padzuwa la anamanga-kamera kuli kovuta. Anamanga-yokha zimapangitsa miyezo ndi kugawira zofalitsa za kuunika.

Gaunt L. "chionetsero zithunzi»

Buku amachita ndi unsembe chionetserocho monga ndondomeko kulenga. Author nsangala likufotokozera momwe ndondomekoyi ili pafupi luso, chifukwa si wotopetsa wa magawo muyeso!

Mu buku la "The chionetsero zithunzi" Gaunt kuyankhula za izo pamene bwino osankhidwa magawo kofunika kamvekedwe ndi unkachitika pa chithunzichi. White ndi wakuda mitundu akhale woyera, ndi wapakatikati mithunzi sayenera molakwika.

Kodi buku adzaphunzitsa? wolemba angakuuzeni kuti padzuwa zolondola kujambula - zochita pa kamvekedwe zimene adzapatsidwa mpirawo. Buku lino likuthandizani kumvetsa okha kukhudzana kufunika kujambula. Kodi kupewa mu nkhani iyi, kuwauza wolemba wotchuka.

Phunzirani mwayi wa kamera. Pamene munthu woyamba amatenga reflex wake kamera ndipo akuyamba kumvetsetsa zoikamo, sitepe ovuta kwambiri ndi kuphunzira ndizosowa kukhudzana kujambula. Popeza anachitira ndi nkhani imeneyi, inu mudzakhala sitepe pang'ono luso la kujambula akatswiri.

M'nkhani ino mwaphunzira zomwe Tingaone mu viewfinder kamera ndi momwe ntchito kutenga zithunzi ndi padzuwa zolondola. Kugula zida chipangizo, ndilo kamera reflex, muli kuphunzira malangizo ngati mawu ena a. Ngati inu simukudziwa zimene ambiri mabatani pa chida, kenako kupita ku zoikamo, inu amangotorapo kukhumuditsidwa. Choncho kuphunzira, ndi Albums banja lanu ndizodzazidwa ndi zithunzi kwambiri apamwamba.