Chiphunzitso chapadera monga sayansi

Malingana ndi chiwerengero, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi zolakwika kapena kusintha kwa chitukuko chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Kuphunzira kwa anthu a m'gululi kumaphatikizapo maphunziro apadera, omwe ndi amodzi mwa malangizo a sayansi yophunzitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe chosazolowereka ndi chachizolowezi chimapezeka, njira zothandizira ndikukonza ndondomeko zimapangidwa ndikuganizira mfundo zina, monga njira yowonjezera yothetsera vuto, kuphunzira kwakukulu mu mphamvu.

Mbiri ya maphunziro apadera ndi yogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha sayansi zina. Poyamba, sizinapatulidwe mu sayansi yosiyana. Mdziko la Soviet Union, adalimbikitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yapamwamba, yomwe idakhumudwitsidwa (mwinamwake ena anamva za lamulo lodziwika bwino la nthawiyi "Pa zovuta zogwirizana ndi dongosolo la People's Commissariat of Education," chifukwa chake mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, psychology Monga sayansi inakhala mumthunzi). Kwa nthawi yaitali, phunziro lapadera linali lofanana ndi defectology. Tsopano zipangizo zamagulu a sayansi ndizofupi kwambiri ndi mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu psychology. Komanso, popeza mdziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwirizanitsidwa ndi umunthu komanso mwaluso, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawu, kupatula "ma labels". Panthawi imeneyi ya kukhalapo kwake, maphunziro apadera monga sayansi adapeza malingaliro ake, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwawo ndi malingaliro apadera omwe adalandiridwa kuchokera kumaganizo a zachipatala. Kuphwanya malamulo okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe kumatengedwanso kutanthauzira, kutanthawuza komwe kumakonza munthu ndi makhalidwe ake, chifukwa aliyense ali ndi uthunthu waumwini, ndipo chitukuko cha wina sichifanana ndi chitukuko cha ena, monga palibe chitukuko chabwino ndi cholakwika. Malingana ndi sayansi iyi, munthu amaperekedwa kokha thandizo la mtundu uliwonse (maganizo, zamankhwala ndi zina zotero), osati kukonzedwa.

Maphunziro apadera a kusukulu kusukulu ndi imodzi mwa magawo a sayansi iyi. Sizobisika kuti ndidali mwana kuti zolakwitsa zamtundu uliwonse zimaululidwa. Chifukwa chozindikira nthawi ndi chithandizo cha ana a sukulu omwe ali ndi chitukuko chosawonongeka, kusintha kwawo kumakhala kosavuta, amapatsidwa thandizo lachitsulo, njira zothandizira odwala zimaperekedwa.

M'dziko lathu pali mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu ya maphunziro. Awa ndi mabungwe apadera a maphunziro, makalasi, magulu ovuta kuwamvetsera, osokonezeka, osokonezeka maganizo, anthu omwe amachedwa kuchepetsa maganizo, kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la minofu. Tsatanetsatane wa mwanayo ku malo amenewa amangochitika ndi chisankho cha PMPC.

Makolo ena amakana mabungwe omwe akufuna, omwe ndi opanda pake. Mwa iwo, mwanayo amapatsidwa chisamaliro chonse, poganizira za msinkhu wake ndi umunthu wake. Monga lamulo, makalasiwa kapena maguluwa ali ndi antchito ochepa komanso ophunzira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muganizire makhalidwe a aliyense ndikupereka thandizo ndi chithandizo choyenerera.

Kuphunzitsidwa kwakukulu sikungokhala kugwira ntchito ndi ana. Patapita kanthawi amakula, ndipo mavuto amakhalabe, ngakhale osakhala monga momwe iwo analili. Maluso omwe amapindula kudzera mu maphunziro ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana amawathandiza kuti azitha kucheza ndi anzawo komanso kupeza chikhalidwe chawo.