Chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring" chimene chimathandiza. Kachisi wa Amayi a Mulungu "Opatsa Moyo Spring"

Ndi chikondi chopanda malire ndi ulemu ndi mu dziko la chikristu kwa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba - Namwali Wodalitsidwa Mayi wa Mulungu. Ndipo kodi sitiyenera kukonda Wotiyimira mulandu wathu ndi Molitvennitsu mpando wachifumu wa Mulungu! maso ake momveka imatsogoleredwa pa ife ndi zithunzi zambirimbiri. Izo zimasonyeza kuti zozizwitsa zazikulu kwa anthu kupyolera mu fano awo, wotchuka mozizwitsa. "Moyo wopatsa Spring" mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu.

Chozizwitsa unaululidwa mu munda wopatulika

Mwambo wopatulika limatiuza kuti kalelo, pamene Byzantium anali olemera boma ndi mtima wa dziko Orthodoxy, pafupi likulu lake Constantinople, Suli kutali ndi wotchuka "Golden Chipata" anali yakhalapo wopatulika. inapatulidwa kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Pansi pa nthambi zake kuyenda gwero pansi, alimkuponya ozizira yotentha chilimwe. Munali anthu pafupifupi mphekesera kuti madzi ali ndi mankhwala, koma palibe amene anawatenga kwambiri, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anamuiwala gwero onse inamera matope ndi udzu.

Koma tsiku lina, mu chaka 450, wankhondo dzina lake Lev Markell, kudutsa mu nkhalango, anakumana ndi munthu wakhungu anataya pakati pa mitengo wandiweyani. Wankhondo anamuthandiza anathandiza atangotsika pa chitsamba, nakhala mu mthunzi. Pamene iye anayamba kuyang'ana kwa madzi wapaulendo, ndidamva mawu zodabwitsa anamulamulira kupeza pafupi atachuluka mphamvu ndi madzi kuti asambe maso ake akhungu.

Pamene wankhondo wachifundo anachita izo, ndiye mwadzidzidzi akhungu napenya, ndipo iwo onse anagwada awo, kukweza mapemphero oyamika kwa Namwali Wodalitsidwa kuyambira anazindikira kuti anali mawu anamveka mu nkhalango. Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba analosera Lvu Markellu lachifumu korona, ndiyo idadza patapita zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Akachisi - mphatso ya mafumu oyamikira

Akufika mphamvu apamwamba, Markell sanaiwale chozizwitsa unaululidwa mu munda wopatulika, ndi zolosera za pamalo okwera zodabwitsa. Pa malamulo ake, gwero la oyera ndipo ndinali atazunguliridwa ndi malire mkulu mwala. Kuyambira pamenepo, anali kudziŵika kuti ndi opatsa moyo. Apa anamanga kachisi ulemu wa Namwali Wodalitsidwa, Amayi a Mulungu mafano inalembedwa mwachindunji iye "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Popeza zozizwitsa ndiye ambiri otchuka wa chisomo ndi gwero la chizindikirochi kusungidwa mu kachisi. Zikwi ankabwera kuno ku malekezero a ufumuwo.

Patapita zaka zana la ulamuliro ndiye Mfumu Justinian Wamkulu, matenda aakulu ndi wosachiritsika, anabwera kwa munda wopatulika, kumene kunali kachisi wa Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Iwo ukasambe madzi chonde ndi kumulondolera utumiki pemphero pamaso zozizwitsa, m'pamene thanzi ndi nyonga. Amayamikira, wodala mfumu analamula kuti amange kachisi pafupi wina ndi, kuwonjezera, kuti anapeza obisika, anaikira ambiri okhala. Choncho koposa ulemerero chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring", pemphero kutsogolo kwa amene anatha kuchiza nthenda zazikulu kwambiri.

Kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine ndi chiwonongeko cha mipingo

Koma iwo anagunda Byzantium zoopsa tsoka 1453. Great ndi kamodzi wolemera ufumu anakomoka pozunzidwa mwankhanza kwa Asilamu. Sunset kwambiri nyenyezi cha Orthodox. Oukira oipa adampereka moto tiakachisi Mkhristu. Iye anagonjetsa zotsalira za kachisi ndi Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring", ndi nyumba yonse obisika ataima pafupi. Patapita nthawi yaitali, mu 1821, pofuna anapangidwa kuti adzikonzenso mu misonkhano yopatulika yakhalapo pemphero, ndipo ngakhale anamanga mpingo waung'ono, koma posakhalitsa kuwonongedwa ndi gwero la chisomo anadzaza dzikolo.

Koma iwo sankakhoza kupirira kuyang'ana anthu kulemekeza zinthu zopatulika m'mitima mwawo moto kwa chikhulupiriro chowona. Mobisa pansi usiku, chitakonzedwa anadetsa Orthodox kachisi wake. Ndipo kotero mobisa, anaika moyo wake, iye adatengedwa, kubisala pansi zovala, mapoto nayidzaza ndi madzi woyera. Izo sizinali mpaka bola ndondomeko zoweta sanasithe ambuye watsopano wa dziko ndi Orthodox sizinapatsidwe kwa ena zosangalatsa mu ntchito ya kulambira.

Ndiye izo inamangidwa pa malo a kachisi wa mpingo waung'ono wa Mayi wa Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Ndipo kuyambira Orthodoxy sangakhale popanda chifundo, ndiye iwo amangira Mpingo wa poorhouse ndi chipatala chimene mapemphero a kwachiyero Mkhalapakati thanzi lathu, ambiri anayamba kuvutika ndi wolumala.

Kulambira zithunzi woyera Russia

Pamene kugwa Ufumu wa Byzantine mu East, dzuwa linali litalowa pa Orthodox, ndiye mwakhama kunawala mu Woyera Russia, ndi pamodzi naye anaonekera zosiyanasiyana mabuku mapemphero ndi fano woyera. Ndiyeno Sindingachite anali moyo popanda nkhope odzichepetsa ndi anzeru a oyera a Mulungu. Koma anali pa ubwenzi wapadera ndi zifanizo za Mpulumutsi ndi amayi wake. Pakati pa mafano kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndiwo zinalembedwa mu masiku akale pa magombe a Bosphorus. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring".

Tikumbukenso kuti popeza XVI atumwi ku Russia wakhala mchitidwe kuyeretsa akasupe ndi mayiwe, ili amonke kapena pafupi iwo, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo amathera Woyera amayi awo a Mulungu. mwambo umenewu anabwera kwa ife ku Greece. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mndandanda yambiri ya fano Byzantine za "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Komabe, nyimbo olembedwa mu Russia zisanafike zaka XVII, silinakwaniritsidwe wapezeka.

Image wa Virgin mu Sarov Hermitage

Mwachitsanzo, chikondi chapadera iye amakumbukira wotchuka Sarov hermitage, ulemerero umene anabweretsa dzina lake nezakatny chabwino cha Orthodox - St. Serafim Sarovsky. Ansembe iye anali mwapadera anamangapo kachisi amene m'nyumba chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Mtengo wake mu maso a okhulupirika anali kwambiri moti M'busa nthawi Mkulu zofunika anatumiza amwendamnjira kupemphera ndi Virgin, atagwada pamaso pa chithunzi chake mozizwitsa. Zikuoneka ku Maulendo a m'nthawi, panalibe vuto kuti mapemphero anamva.

The image, amene kumalimbitsa nkhondo ndi chisoni

mphamvu kuti ali chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring" ndi chiyani? Chomwe chimapangitsa izo ndipo kungakhale ndi kufunsa? Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimene chimabweretsa anthu fano zozizwitsa - kupulumutsidwa ku mavuto. Moyo, mwatsoka, ndi zonse za iwo, ndipo si nthawi zonse zokwanira mphamvu maganizo kulimbana nawo.

Iwo amabwera kuchokera mdani anthu, chifukwa iwo ali chipatso cha kusakhulupirira Mulungu watipatsa. Koma mu milandu, ndi kubweretsa mtendere kwa miyoyo ya anthu "Moyo wopatsa Spring" - chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu. kupemphera Kodi kwachiyero Mkhalapakati wa more wathu? Popeza kuti ada tipulumusa ku magwero kwambiri zisautso izi - mavuto ndi masautso a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kukondwerera polemekeza mafano woyera

Chitsanzo china, m'njira yapadera chithunzi ayenera otchulidwa, alipo kwa zaka mwambo kutumikira Lachisanu ya Mlungu Bright kuyeretsedwa pemphero madzi pamaso pa chifano ichi. Iye anatumikira mu mipingo yonse mwamsanga pamene mapeto a chipembedzo cha. Kuyambira kale, ankamusambitsa kuwaza madzi kuyeretsedwa utumiki pemphero, minda, minda ya zipatso ndi minda, zimalimbikitsa thandizo la Namwali Wodalitsidwa mu talente wolemera yokolola.

Phwando la Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa gwero" anaganiza kuti tisangalale kawiri pa chaka. Izi zimachitika pa 4 April, monga izo zinali pa tsiku m'chaka 450 anali Virgin achipembedzo wankhondo Lvu Markellu ndipo analamula kuti amange mu munda zopatulika za kachisi ulemu wake ndi kupemphera kwa iye thanzi ndi chipulumutso cha Akhristu Orthodox. tsiku kuti ndithu m'pamene akathist Mayi wa Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring".

Madyerero yachiwiri inachitika monga mmene tafotokozera pamwambapa, Lachisanu ya Mlungu Bright. Pa tsiku limenelo Mpingo akukumbukira kachisi anakongoletsa polemekeza chizindikirochi, amene poyamba anali pafupi Constantinople. Kuwonjezera Mulingo wa Madalitso a madzi, chikondwerero nazonso limodzi ndi chionetsero cha Pasaka.

Features wa iconography wa chifaniziro cha Virgin

Kutsindika adzaikidwe pa mbali iconographic za chifanocho. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring" kunayamba wakale chithunzi Byzantine la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, amatchedwa "Dona wa wopambana" ndiko nayenso, limabweretsa chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu "The malodza". Komabe, palibe kugwirizana pa nkhaniyi luso si.

Ngati mukuphunzira anagawanika nthawi mndandanda wa zithunzi, n'kosavuta kuona ena kwambiri kusintha compositional anapanga zaka zambiri. Motero, zithunzi oyambirira gwero olumikizidwa ku makina fano. Komanso, osati kamodzi, koma m'kati osauka fano m'gulu zikuchokera mbale wake, wotchedwa mbale, dziwe ndi kasupe.

Kufalitsa fano woyera Russia ndi phiri la Athos

Pa kutambasuka kwa chithunzi ichi mu Russia limasonyeza angapo zokumbidwa pansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Crimea, mbale ndi chifaniziro cha Virgin anapezeka pa ntchito yomanga. chithunzi akupemphera ndi manja lokwezeka kuwonetsedwa mbale. Ming'oma atulukira XIII m'ma ndipo chimodzi cha zithunzi oyambirira a mtundu uwu, mu gawo la dziko lathu.

Kufotokozera za chifanizo ena lolingana chifaniziro cha "Moyo wopatsa Gwero» XIV atumwi, angapezeke mu mbiri ya tchalitchi Nikifora Kallista. Akulongosola chifaniziro cha Virgin mu phial ndi, wokwera pamwamba dziwe. Mu chizindikiro ichi cha Virigo Woyera akufotokozedwa ndi Khristu Mwana mu manja ake.

Komanso chidwi ndi Zojambula pakhoma "Moyo wopatsa Spring", inali paphiri la Athos. Zimatanthauza chiyambi cha m'ma XV. Mlembi wake - Byzantine Androniko - anapereka Virgin m'mbale lonse dalitso Infant wosatha mu manja ake. Dzina la fano la malemba a Chigiriki olembedwa pa m'mbali mwa frescoes lapansi. Komanso nkhani zofanana amapezeka ena zithunzi zasungidwa mu zosiyanasiyana mchitidwe umenewu mwa phiri la Athos.

Thandizo, wothiridwa chifukwa kudzera njira imeneyi

Koma ndi chimene pamtima wapadera chithunzi ichi, kotero chimakopa anthu kuti fano la Amayi a Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring"? Kodi amathandiza ndi zimene amakhala? Choyamba, chithunzi ichi chimabweretsa machiritso kwa amene akuvutika mu thupi ndi mapemphero awo omwe akuyembekezera kuthandiza Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba onse. Kuyambira anayamba ulemerero wake Byzantium wakale. Choncho ankalandira chikondi ndi kuyamikira, kukhala m'gulu la expanses wa Russia.

Komanso bwino dokotala mafano, ndi matenda okhudza ubongo. Koma ambiri Chofunika - amapulumutsa ake pogwiritsa zilakolako zowononga, nthawi zambiri amatopa ndi miyoyo yathu. Iwo amapulumutsa kwa anthu, "Opatsa Moyo Spring" - chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu. Kodi kupemphera kutsogolo kwake, kumufunsa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba? Choyamba, kupatsidwa kwa mphamvu kuthana ndi onse otsika komanso olusa kuti tamanga mu zowonongeka uchimo choyambirira cha anthu. Mwatsoka, pali zambiri zimene chimaposa maluso anthu ndi zimene ife mphamvu popanda thandizo la Mulungu ndi amayi wake

Gwero la moyo ndi choonadi

Nthawi zonse, pa chilichonse compositional chisankho kapena anaimitsa wolemba wa recension wa chifaniziro chimenechi, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti Moyo wopatsa gwero ndi Virgin Woyera womwewo, amene dziko ndiwo amene anapereka moyo kwa onse amene alipo pa dziko lapansi.

Iye analankhula mawu amene akhala thanthwe limene anali anamanga kachisi wa chikhulupiriro choona, ali ndi anthu ndi njira, choonadi ndi moyo. Ndipo wodala Moyo wopatsa gwero, ndege ndi kusamba ku uchimo ndi kupatsidwa kumwa cornfield Auzimu, zinthu zonse mwa ife kwa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, Namwali Wodalitsidwa Mayi wa Mulungu.