Chiyambi cha gasi, nkhokwe zake ndi kupanga. minda Natural mafuta Russia ndi m'mayiko

Kopindulitsa kwambiri, wochezeka ndi mafuta zofunika lero - ndi gasi. Kodi zinthu izi? Kumene anachokera chiyambi cha gasi nanga tingachidziwe bwanji? Nkofunika kudziwa, ndi kusowa, kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji ndatopa nkhaniyi yaiwisi - nkhani lonse m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Za nkhani zimenezi m'nkhani ino.

gasi: ikulongosola ambiri zikuchokera

Malinga pawiri zofala umagwirira kutanthauza dziko ndi chilinganizo CH _4. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona kwathunthu. Ndipotu, gasi - mankhwala mchere wa dziko lathu. Ndipo izo sizingakhale mpeni kumphasa. Izi osakaniza wouma ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala gaseous. Pakati pawo tikhoza bwino kudziwa organic ndi chigawo zochita kupanga.

Mwa kale otsika mpweya maselo kulemera monga:

• dziko;
• byuteni;
• propane.

Dama zakudya zosiyanasiyana:

• sulfide wa hydrogen zosafunika;
• haidrojeni;
• helium;
• asafe;
• mpweya.

Choncho, katundu ndi chuma sangakhoze anatsimikiza mtima umodzi wokha kawirikawiri zikuchokera alkane lapansi. Iwo kwambiri mukopedwe ndi zosafunika. Komabe, chiyambi cha gasi anthu wogwira naye ntchito ziri zodziwika bwino. Choncho kuyeretsedwa njira kwa nthawi yaitali kale ndi kuika mu ntchito lonse.

thupi katundu

Polongosola katundu pawiri, ndipo sayenera kwambiri mfundo.

1. The kachulukidwe imasiyana malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha loitanirana, monga mankhwala kuthamanga ukuwonjezeka wokhoza liquefied.
2. Pa 6500 ⁰ C amatha kuyaka mowiriza Choncho chinthu zachiwawa.
3. Mu osakaniza ndi mpweya kufanana enanso ali ndi khalidwe zachiwawa.
4. Pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwa mpweya chake angathe kupulumuka mu m'mwamba.

Palinso mbali yapadera, imene gasi Munda ndi onse kuposa mwina. Iye akhoza kukhala mu chikhalidwe olimba a thupi monga mbali ya matanthwe a pansi padziko. Tsatanetsatane tikambirana za izi mtsogolo.

Njira yopezera kapena chiyambi cha gasi

Mukhoza tisonyezeni options ndi zofunika zochepa, imene mapangidwe ndi kudzikundikira thunthu mu funso.

1. The ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamoyo chifukwa cha mapeto a moyo wawo. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chiphunzitso biogenic. njira iyi ndi zikwi ndi mamilioni a zaka, koma chifukwa zawachititsa kuti kudzikundikira wambiri gasi pa dziko.
2. Mapangidwe hydrate maofesi, makamaka anaikira mu nthaka. Zimenezi zidatheka chifukwa cha kusankha zina magawo thermodynamic. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma XX izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti madipoziti gasi alipo ndipo chiwerengero cha iwo ndi zodabwitsa chabe lonse ake. Ngakhale Madzi oundana amasunga kozama zake gasi mu boma olimba.
3. Chiyambi cha gasi zachilengedwe ku malo chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha zochita zenizeni. Tsopano izo imatsimikizirika kuti pafupifupi dziko lapansili ndi lopangidwa ndi mafuta izi.

njira iliyonse mwina kupangidwa, koma chinthu chimodzi amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa: nkhokwe zake zikuluzikulu, koma exhaustible.

Major madipoziti dziko

nkhokwe World wa gasi pafupifupi 200,363 tcm ^3. Izi deta nthawi mpaka 2013. Kumene, chithunzi ndi kukwapula mu ulemerero wake. Koma musaiwale za ndalama wake, amenenso nemalochislenny. kupanga pachaka za 3,646 thililiyoni mamita ³ zimenezi zili wapadera chibadwidwe dziko.

Major minda gasi mu dziko ili m'mayiko otsatirawa:

• Russia;
• Iran;
• Qatar;
• Turkmenistan;
• US;
• Saudi Arabia;
• United Arab Emirates;
• Venezuela ndi ena.

Pali amalembedwa kokha dziko yaikulu imene n'zotheka kuchotsa mchere. Nthawi zambiri, malo mankhwala akupezeka m'mayiko 101.

Ngati inu mumadzitcha nokha munda wa madipoziti, yaikulu imene imachitika zotsatirazi:

• gasi munda Hassi R'Mel (Algeria);
• Shah Deniz (Azerbaijan);
• Groningen (The Netherlands);
• Dhirubhay (India);
• North / South Ndime (Iran ndi Qatar, motero);
• Urengoy (Russia);
• Galkynysh (Turkmenistan).

Si lalikulu chabe, ndi chiphona ndi supergiant malo anaikira koposa zonse lapadziko gasi.

minda gasi mu Russia

Ngati ife kulankhula za m'dziko lathu, angatchedwe 14 magwero a zinthu wapadera. Yaikulu ndi:

• Urengoy;
• Leningrad;
• Yamburg;
• Stockman;
• Bovanenkovo;
• Zapolyarnoe.

Eyiti zambiri alibe nkhokwe chachikulu, komanso wofunika kwambiri ku moyo wa dziko lathu. Ambiri, minda gasi mu Russia ndi ochuluka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena. magwero ochuluka, onse m'deralo, palibe kwina kulikonse.

nkhokwe mafuta maulosi dziko

Kuchokera manambala pamwamba Nkhani kupanga mafuta ndi mowa, komanso tochepa nkhokwe zake, zikuonekeratu kuti pafupifupi nthawi ya ntchito zinthu zonse zidzakhala zaka pafupifupi 55 zaka! Ndi ochepa, choncho tsopano ntchito ndi yofuna mderali.

Akatswiri chomwecho amaneneratu nkhani mafuta. Choona chidwi n'chakuti chochuluka zipangizo zopangira amakhalabe chobisika kwa kupanga anthu mu Madzi oundana ndi pansi pa nyanja mu mawonekedwe a madamu mpweya hydrate. Ngati ofufuza angathetse vuto la yobwezeretsanso ndi kukhala njira yopanga, ndiye mpweya ndi mafuta mavuto athu adzathere kwa zaka zambiri.

Koma mpaka patsalanso kokha maloto ndipo chiyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro mu malingaliro kuwala ndi masomphenya a anthu ophunzira kwambiri a dziko lathu.

njira migodi

kupanga Natural mpweya ikuchitika malinga ndi njira yeniyeni ndi njira. Chinthu ndi kuya kwake angafikire makilomita angapo. Izi zikachitika, zimafunika mwapadera ndi pulogalamu latsopano, masiku ndi amphamvu zida.

Njira kupanga zachokera kupanga kusiyana kuthamanga pakati pa mosungiramo mpweya ndi akunja mpweya mumlengalenga. Chifukwa cha ntchito mankhwala amawapopa kuchokera bwino mu situ, ndi posungira ladzala ndi madzi.

Wells ali mokhomerera pa njira inayake, chokhala makwerero. Ichi ndi chifukwa:

• Izi amapulumutsa danga ndipo amatisunga kukhulupirika kwa zipangizo pa ulimi, kuyambira wodetsedwa mpweya (sulfide wa hydrogen, mwachitsanzo) ndi zoipa kwambiri zida;
• Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kugawira kuthamanga wogawana kwambiri wosanjikiza;
• njira imeneyi mukhoza kudutsa kuti akuya 12 Km, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuphunzira dongosolo lithospheric a m'midzi dziko lapansi.

Chifukwa, kupanga gasi ndi bwino zedi, yosavuta ndi mwadongosolo. Kamodzi mankhwala atachotsedwa, izo imatumizidwa kopita. Ngati fakitale mankhwala, ndipo apo icho ndi kutsukidwa ndi kukonzekera ntchito zina m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana.

Makamaka, zolinga banja asamangokhala kuyeretsa mankhwala, komanso kuwonjezera odorants - mankhwala apadera amene fungo lakuthwa. Izi zachitika chifukwa zolinga chitetezo pamene kuchucha m'nyumba.

mayendedwe gasi

Kamodzi anapanga gasi, izo anasonkhana ndi kukonzekera zoyendera. Iwo ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

1. The payipi. Njira ambiri Komabe, ndi owopsa. Pankhaniyi, limayenda mankhwala mpweya akhoza kutayikira ndi kuphulika. Choncho, njira zotsatirazi basi kompresa mfundo, cholinga chimene ndicho kukhala kuthamanga kwa Kukwezeleza yachibadwa mankhwala.
2. Ntchito Lng - mathanki wapadera amatha yonyamula zinthu liquefied. Njira imeneyi ndi otetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa mpweya madzi si zachiwawa ndi sangathe kudziletsa poyatsira.
3. Phunzitsani pogwiritsa ntchito thanki-ngolo.

Mmene mpweya chimadzera zimadalira mtunda wa mfundo kufika ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.

Mbali zachilengedwe

Ku maganizo a zachilengedwe mbali kenanso koyera mafuta zachilengedwe kuposa gasi. Pambuyo mankhwala ake kuyaka - madzi ndi mpweya wa carbon dioxide. No mpweya popanda kuchita asidi mvula.

Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, pali vuto - ndi "Kufunda." Ndi kudzikundikira mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga, ndipo zimenezi amakwiya kusintha lonse la nyengo. Pa nkhani imeneyi ndi ntchito asayansi a m'mayiko onse, kuyambira nthawi yotsiriza iye anayamba zambiri apakhungu ndi zogwirizana.

Komabe, bola ngati mpweya ndi mafuta - ndi zazikulu malasha utsi, kuti kutumikira munthu nkhuni.