Kubowola ndi chiyani? Borax: ntchito. Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "kubowola"

Ambiri mankhwala ntchito ndi munthu zosiyanasiyana mafakitale. Zikuphatikizapo kubowola. Izo ntchito mu mafakitale ulimi, zomangamanga, mankhwala, moyo ndi zina zotero. N. kubowola ndi chiyani? mchere umenewu, umene umatchedwanso tinkalom kapena ndi sodium borate ali wapadera katundu.

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Nanga ndi kubowola? mankhwala crystallizes mu dongosolo monosimmetricheskoy. chikuoneka kuti akufanana mizati augite. Kumasulira kwa Persian Dzinali limatanthauza "woyera." Transparent kubowola, ntchito zomwe n'zotheka pambuyo timibulu mosamala akuchitira, pafupifupi colorless kapena pang'ono grayish. Iwo amakhala ndi Kuwala ndi okoma, kukoma zamchere. thunthu ndi sungunuka m'madzi. Chifukwa chaichi, kawirikawiri 1 gawo tinkala kutenga 14 mbali madzi. Limatsogolera mfundo kuiganizila ndi mchere 60,8 ° C. Pa kusungunuka blowtorch lawi utoto mtundu wachikasu, koma chikhazikitso yokha pamene inasanduka galasi colorless.

Mipweya ya borax

Tiyeni tione zimene kubowola mu mawu zimapangidwira. Pawiri wa chilinganizo: Na ₂ B ₄ O _7. Nthawi zambiri alipo monga crystalline Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ • 10H ₂ O, Chofanana 16% ya hydroxide, 37% asidi boric ndi 47% madzi. Borax ndi zopangira kwa yokonza mankhwala omwe ali m'bukuli. Quality ankalamulira zinthu GOST 8429-77. Mu kugulitsa ndi sodium tetraborate (borax) umaperekedwa monga woyera crystalline ufa, amene khalidwe zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi chiyero mankhwala. mankhwala abwera ku sukulu ziwiri: A (misa nusu ya borax si zosakwana 99,5%) ndi B (94%). Komanso, muli carbonates, sulfates, otsogolera Arsenic.

Migodi ndi kulandira akufa pochita

Zinthu zimenezi nthawi zambiri yotengedwa m'mikhalidwe achilengedwe. kubowola m'njira waukulu mawu ndi chiyani? mchere ili ndi gulu la borates. Ndi mankhwala precipitate wa atayanika mchere nyanja. Ku Ulaya, thunthu mu funso loyamba linaonekera anapezeka mu nyanja Chitibeta mchere. Kuchokera kumeneko dzina inayo - tinkal. Olemera bulauni ena California osaya nyanja, kumene umabala makhiristo ndi lalikulu. Sales akhoza kukumana luso ndi chakudya ndi sodium tetraborate.

Mu 1748, borax ku asidi boric ndi koloko kwa nthawi yoyamba analandira French sayansi Enuvil. Ndipo mu nthawi yathu, ena makampani nawo ulimi wa yokumba ndi sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Borax ndi manja ake akhoza akamagwira neutralizing asidi boric ndi carbonate sodium, ndi evaporation wotsatira wa osakaniza ndi kusefera. Zimenezi zochokera mankhwala anachita: Na ₂ C0 ₃ + 4H ₃ Bo ₃ = 6H ₂ O + NKHA ₂ + Na ₂ B ₄ 0 _7. chidebe zakonzedwa chakumwa njira ndi mkangano kwa 95-100? C, oyambitsa zonse. Ndiye pali kuthila asidi boric. Kuti njira ndi foamed, izo ananenanso mu chakudya chochepa. Chiŵerengero akhale ngati kuti njira lili 16-20% Na ₂ B ₄ 0 ₇ ndi 0,5-1,0% Na ₂ C0 _3. The osakaniza yophika kwa mphindi 30, osasankhidwa ndi utakhazikika kupereka mibulu. Amapanga mchere umagwirira wosiyana ndi timibulu zachilengedwe rhombohedral ndi zizindikiro kuchuluka kochepa madzi. Likhoza ntchito mafomu luso ndi mankhwala.

Borax: ofunsira mafakitale

The ntchito luso nkhaniyi ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Borax ndi chigawo chimodzi cha kamwazi kwa kuwotcherera zitsulo, kuphatikizapo wapatali. Monga mbali ya kuyang'anira ntchito yopanga galasi, enamels, glazes, monga gwero la okusayidi boron ndi chofunika kwambiri. ntchito zake kupanga antiseptics, tizirombo, ndipo monga usawonongeke mu processing zikopa yaiwisi. Borax kufunika electrolytes mu zitsulo.

Tinkal ndi feedstock mu kupanga perborate sodium, umene uli mbali yaikulu ya mpweya oyeretsa detergent ufa pa TV kupanga. Kuonjezera katundu wa kuyeletsa ndi kusamalila kufunika kukhuthala, pH, kupereka mphamvu kupanga emulsion monga ndi sodium tetraborate m'banja ndi mafakitale mankhwala oyeretsera, ndi polishes natirok. Borax ntchito kupanga lubricants, madzi nanyema, ndipo chofunika kwambiri pa kupanga zoletsa kuwuma, chifukwa, akubwera mu kukhudzana ndi woletsa chitsulo dzimbiri ndipamene pawiri zovuta. Ndi ntchito kupanga zomatira zosiyanasiyana.

The ntchito borax panyumba

mchere izi wachita kale ntchito ndi anthu monga kuyeretsa achilengedwe. Hammer borax ntchito imayenera yoyeretsa ya zida ukhondo. Kodi mungakonde chimbudzi wanu wotchuka? Palibe funso: udzakhala wokwanira kutsanulira mu 1 chikho cha mchere pansi ndi kusiya usiku. Kuikira kutsukidwa ndi burashi m'mawa, mukhoza kuchotsa iliyonse linanena bungwe mwakhama kuipitsa. Mu amadzimadzi njira ya borax (2 h. L. 0.5 L madzi) ngati detergent a.

mankhwala wapadera angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira utitiri ndi mphemvu. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera tiziromboti nthawi anatsanulira borax ufa. Mulibe nkhawa fumes: zedi wamng'ono si zoipa kwa anthu ndi nyama.

Kuti kuthana ndi cinoni kukonzekera phala lolimba la madzi ndi borax. kufalitsa pa yankhungu pamwamba ndi kusiya kwa maola 12-24. Zouma pasitala zikulilima burashi ndi kusamba kuchotsa mbali zotsala za madzi. Chida ichi ndi abwino okha kali ndi madzi zosagwira. Komanso, kubowola ntchito molumikizana ndi wowuma zochizira makolala ndi cuffs. Ndipo likukhudza mu zovalazo zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ubweya (1 hr. L. madzi okwanira 1 litre). Chifukwa chiyani? Kwambiri ophweka: kupanga zovala zapamwamba.

Ntchito mankhwala

Sodium tetraborate ntchito monga antiseptic kwa gargles, wotsukira, khungu ndi m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano. Chifukwa chaichi, glycerol (20%) kapena njira amadzimadzi borax. njira mowa kulibe, chifukwa mankhwala ndi insoluble mowa. Khalani borax akhale mwamphamvu chatsekedwa chidebe ndipo patali ana, monga lalikulu zedi ndi woipa mkulu zingakhale zovulaza thanzi.