Agriculture: makampani ulimi. Nthambi za ulimi wa Russia

Agriculture ali choyimira wapadera wa ntchito umalimbana kulima, processing ndi kupanga, komanso kupereka ofanana ntchito. mafakitale Aika ndi ziweto ndi mbewu kupanga. Mmene anayamba ndi ulimi monga nthambi ya ulimi wa dziko kumadalira ubwino wa anthu ake.

mbali khalidwe ulimi mu Russia

Land m'dziko lathu kwambiri ndi Zingaoneke, ndi prerequisites onse pa chitukuko bwino mbali iyi ulimi kumeneko. Mwatsoka, Russia ndi m'mayiko m'njira kuti nyengo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana mwayi pankhaniyi kwambiri kwambiri kuchepetsa. Mbewu monga nthambi ya ulimi mu dziko lathu ndithu zingamuthandize malangizo, koma nkhani yekha kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano ndi kulemekeza chikhalidwe.

% 35 Only m'dziko Russian lili kuzizira, chabwino oyenera kulima mbewu monga rye, tirigu, Mapila, buckwheat ndi zina zotero. D. The m'dera lalikulu la Arctic Circle zosafunika kwathunthu kwa ulimi. Komanso, m'madera ambiri m'dziko lathu akutenga nayonso, kumene kulima nthaka - njira zomwe unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi mabvuto.

Osagwirizana monga nthambi ya zaulimi: mbali yaikulu

Pakali pano, madera akuluakulu ulimi wa ku Russia monga:

• Mapira ulimi. malangizo Ichi ndi chofunikira kwa anthu dziko lililonse padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo dziko lathu. Mkate kuonedwa monga waukulu mankhwala a zakudya anthu. The chakudya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri ziweto nazonso anapangidwa kuchokera mbewu.
• Udzu. Chotero anaitana dongosolo la miyeso zosiyanasiyana umalimbana yopanga, kukolola ndiponso pokonza wakudya nyama. Pankhaniyi, m'dziko ntchito mbewu kukula makamaka dambo, mizu, tubers, mavwende ndi zina zotero. N.
• Kulima mbewu mafakitale. Zikuphatikizapo thonje, fulakesi, mpendadzuwa, Beet shuga, fodya ndi zina zotero D..
• Masamba ndi mbatata.
• Viticulture ndi horticulture.

Geography mbewu Russia

Choncho waukulu nthambi ya specialization ulimi m'dziko lathu - kuswana ndi ulimi. Mwachirengedwe, Russia lili mabacteria angapo nyengo. Mu ulimi, makamaka zosiyanasiyana nyimbo kuwetedwa mbewu chifukwa ichi makhalidwe kwenikweni.

Choncho, tirigu, udzafunidwa kwa boma ikukhudzana adalipo zakudya loamy nthaka mbewu mokwanira chilala zosagwira mwakula makamaka steppe ndi nkhalango madera. M'dera la kukula zochepa fastidious rye ali malire onse. Barele ndi wamba pafupifupi m'madera onse ulimi wa dziko - ochokera m'madera ozizira kumpoto kwa kum'mwera louma.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu mafakitale komanso sizachilendo m'madera osiyana. Mpendadzuwa Mwachitsanzo, amakula bwino kwambiri m'madera ouma. Chinthu chokha - kuti chikhalidwe cha mbewu zabwino ayenera anabzala yekha dothi mwachilungamo chonde. Kukula mpendadzuwa ambiri mu steppe ndi nkhalango-steppe madera a mbali Loona za dziko. Beets shuga M'malo mwake, ndi wovuta kwambiri pa zinthu chinyezi. Choncho, yafalikira makamaka yekha mu zigawo chapakati ndi kumadzulo m'dera nkhalango steppe.

Masamba zikuphatikizapo ambiri zikhalidwe choikidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choncho, ndi bwino anayamba pafupifupi m'madera ulimi wa Russia. mbewu ambiri otsegula ulimi monga kabichi, tomato, dzungu, anyezi, Beets ndi kaloti. Iwo mwakula pamlingo malonda nthawi zambiri mu malo kumene angapeze madzi - m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi madamu. The malo aakulu kwambiri a horticulture aumbike mwa malire m'munsi wa Volga ndi Don ndi North Caucasus.

Maluwa - komanso malangizo ofunika m'madera monga ulimi. The m'magulu a ulimi, kugwirizana ndi kulima mbewu zipatso ndi mabulosi, komanso ali kufalikira yaikulu mu Russia, makamaka mu gawo Loona za iyo (dera Volga, Krasnodar dera). The zosiyanasiyana wamkulu mbewu zipatso zimawonedwa mu North Caucasus. A zambiri minda amagwiritsidwa zimaŵetedwa ku Bashkiria ndi Altai.

mbali khalidwe la ziweto

makampani unalinso dziko lathu zingamuthandize. Wokwanira kukumbukira kuti anali mmodzi wa mpaka chiyambi cha mavuto m'zaka lomaliza. Kaperekedwe gawo la ulimi mu nkhani iyi chingakhale chosakwanira popanda ulendowu mwachidule mu mbiri. Mu Soviet Union, nyama husbandry, ndi ng'ombe imeneyi, anayamba kupanga bwino. Komabe, mavuto azachuma wa zaka akhala pa malowa zoposa kungasokoneze. Only kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 2005, chiwerengero cha ng'ombe anagwa kuchokera 54,7 matani mamiliyoni 21,4. Malinga ndi zotsatira za ziweto 2005 m'dziko athu ankaona opanda pake. Choncho panali ponso imports mankhwala.

Komabe, mpaka pa ulimi gawo la chuma (ziweto) mu dziko lathu tinganene kuti kwambiri kapena zochepa opindulitsa. Kumlingo ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko cha minda payekha.

mafakitale Ofunika

Chotero kodi ndi malangizo waukulu kuperekedwa mu ulimi Pankhaniyi? opanga ulimi mu zotsatirazi ziweto:

• Ng'ombe kuswana. Kuswana ng'ombe, pamodzi ndi kulima mbewu monga chimanga ndi cholinga chachikulu cha ulimi / v.
• Porcine. Izi ndi nthambi yachiwiri ya kufunika. Kutanthauza kuti ndi zovuta Musaone. malangizowo zimagawidwa mu nyama, nyama yankhumba ndi polusalnoe.
• Mbuzi ndi kuswana nkhosa. Deta Ambiri ntchito zopezera malangizo a mabacteria ndi steppe, komanso mu zigawo lamapiri.
• Equine. nthambi lakonzedwa kupereka chuma cha dziko mahatchi kuswana nyama, masewera ndi waphindu.
• Ngamila. malangizowo walandira chitukuko linafalitsidwa kwambiri m'madera louma ndi semiarid la Russia. Komanso, nyama zimenezi kwambiri khalidwe ubweya ndi mkaka.
• Mphalapala ulimi. ntchito imeneyi ndi malo specialization ili mu Titafika pamalo (Magadan, Archangelsk ndi T. D.).
• Nkhuku. nthambi ina yofunika ya ulimi nyama.
• Ulimi. Cholinga chachikulu cha m'dera limeneli ndi kuonetsetsa kuti dziko zikopa chuma cha nyama zing'onozing'ono ubweya wopatsa.
• Njuchi. makampani ndi udindo kwa kupanga chiwerengero cha mankhwala wapatali - uchi, phula, achifumu odzola, njuchi njoka, etc ...

Makampani ndi ulimi umanena mzake mwachindunji. Pankhani imeneyi, ndithudi, kuphatikizapo ziweto. Popanda bwino anayamba nkhumba ndi ng'ombe kuswana Mwachitsanzo, silingakhale makamaka lipindulitsa adzasowa chakudya. Ngati boma adzakhala sangamvetsere kwa mafakitale monga kulima ndi kuswana nkhosa anthu Russia adzakhala opanda zovala zawo ofunda.

Geography a ziweto Russia

Malo ndi malangizo a specialization atsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kukhalapo kwa chakudya kwa gulu linalake la nyama. Kuti, monga nthambi ya ulimi ziweto, ngakhale zosakwana mbewu, mmene, komanso amadalira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo.

ng'ombe tima mkaka mu chitukuko cha dziko lathu pa kwambiri mu gawo European - mu malire chapamwamba wa Volga ndi Dnieper. Izi zili choncho makamaka Moscow ndi Yaroslavl zigawo. Masiku omwewo Ndi mmene kwa kum'mwera kwa malo St. Petersburg. Chinkhoswe ng'ombe kuswana ndi m'madera ena a mbali Loona za dziko, komanso m'madera kum'mwera kwa Siberia, mu Urals lapansi. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi tikulankhula makamaka za nyama ndi ng'ombe za mkaka kuswana malangizo. Unafalikira kumpoto - m'madera ambiri a Siberia, koma m'madera amenewa pa khalidwe yaikulu. M'chigawo kumalo ozizira chimagwiritsidwa anayamba wawo amadalira kuweta. ng'ombe ambiri zimaŵetedwa ku Urals, Volga ndi zigawo Central, komanso mu North Caucasus.

ambiri kwambiri kulima ng'ombe yaing'ono m'dziko lathu walandira m'dera Volga, ku North Caucasus, ndi Urals ndi East Siberia. Ovchinnoshubnoe bwino anayamba kupanga ndi mu zigawo chapakati cha gawo European la Russia. Nkhumba, pafupifupi onse pa dziko. Pamlingo wamng'ono, ili ndi malangizo a chitukuko Far East.

Kuti ndi mbali yaikulu pa chitukuko ulimi

Kuwonjezera pa nyengo ndi nyengo zinthu chitukuko cha ziweto ndi mbewu kupanga mu chikhalidwe chilichonse angakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mlingo wa thandizo ku boma. The ndalama zowonjezera padera mu njira zamakono latsopano, kuti kopindulitsa kuposa ulimi. opanga ulimi kwina kulikonse kwambiri zimadalira chiwerengero cha ndalamachi. Ndalama zimenezi makamaka mupite ku chitukuko cha ulimi nzeru, kugula zida, chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano.
• Njira kubwezeretsa dziko khalidwe kwambiri mu madera kupanga tima mbewu. Dziko kupikisana ndi mitundu ina mu ulimi msika lonse m'gawo lake adzakhala kwambiri Nthaka ngati nkotheka.
• Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko zinthu zenizeni mu msika uli pamaso pa malo wathanzi mpikisano. The nthambi zikuluzikulu za ulimi pa nkhani imeneyi si yekha.
• Boma la sayansi. The zaluso kwambiri kuuzidwa, ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri ziweto ndi mbewu kupanga. patsogolo Scientific - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu kuchepetsa chakudya.

mavuto Nature Management

nthambi zonse za ulimi mu Russia, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zakumwamba, ali mwachindunji amadalira zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwatsoka, mu dziko lathu, zolusa maganizo chuma cha chikhalidwe ndi ena amasokoneza zinachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwambiri za moyo pankhaniyi.

Mu steppe ndi steppe nkhalango mabacteria wa bwino zachilengedwe ali kwambiri chakhungu makamaka chifukwa mphepo ndi kukokoloka madzi. Nthawiyi, chochitika kulenga malo ndi zachilengedwe zopezera anakhazikitsidwa mu m'ma 19 V. V. Dokuchaevym m'dera Voronezh mu kapepala mwala steppe. Tsopano apa ndi azakafukufuku. Zimenezi kudziwa kumasulira ntchito lero.

Kulakwila bwino zachilengedwe mu leafy m'madera nkhalango ndi lesotaezhnoy amaonera ndi kukhetsa wa m'madambo ndi kusalankhula chodula mitengo.

Pamene mavuto a zachilengedwe ku Russia masiku ano kuthetsedwa

Mwamwayi, zinthu ziliri mu dziko lathu mu dongosolo limayamba kusintha kwambiri. Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya sayansi posachedwapa anakhazikitsa - zachuma chilengedwe - si chabe ziyenera zachilengedwe mu kuwala kwa kuthekera ntchito zake, komanso yotani kachitidwe zachilengedwe kuyesa kulosera za m'tsogolo ndi luso kusamalira lero. Kumene, ndi njira ngati nthambi zikuluzikulu za ulimi adzakhala ndi kuthandiza m'njira zina.

Njira yaikulu ya greening ntchito masiku ano dziko panyengo ndi kuteteza zamoyo kwachilengedwenso ndi chilengedwe feteleza masoka organic zochokera bowa, tizilombo algae. Science kuti amachita ndi zamoyo humus - ndi mawa ulimi.

zochitika zaposachedwapa m'dera lino akuyendera m'magulu onse a ulimi mu Russia lero. Mwachitsanzo, mu dera Krasnodar ntchito bezgerbitsidnye mpunga ndi chimanga kupanga luso. Mu ena minda ya Omsk dera renunciation wa ntchito mankhwala ndi ntchito ya umisiri watsopano ulimi zachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwambiri zokolola.

Mwa njira zatsopano monga Mwachitsanzo:

• Adzagwa ulimi wothirira, kutengera osati kufamuwa, koma eni ambiri a minda.
• Moldboard kulima.
• Natural kwachilengedwenso nyengo mbewu kasinthasintha.

Kuti mapulani kuyembekezera kukwaniritsidwa posachedwapa, akhoza zimachitika kumayambiriro Integrated ndi mabuku polojekiti zachilengedwe. Kuti akuona ayankhe ake zochita za anthu ndi kukhwimitsa yoyenera nthawi yabwino. Kumene, zimenezo zimakhudza zabwino pa ulimi. The m'magulu a ulimi - nyama husbandry ndi ulimi - kukhala kopindulitsa ndi malonda yotheka.

Agriculture Germany

Kutsitsimuka ziweto ndi mbewu kupanga mu Russia, kumene, muyenera khutu ku zimene zinachitikira m'mayiko amene deta gawo la kupangika bwino. Chitsanzo amaitchulatchula Germany. Pakali pano, chitukuko cha ulimi mu dziko lino amalipira kwambiri chidwi. The profitability wa nyumba yake yonse Pamlingo waukulu kufooketsedwa ndi bungwe kwambiri wangwiro ndi bwino mozama, komanso zomveka ndi kusamala ntchito zachilengedwe.

Mu zigawo chapakati Germany ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko zikugwira ulimi makamaka eni minda yaing'ono. Zimenezi chimakhala chifukwa cha mpikisano athanzi, amphamvu nzothandiza oyamba njira zatsopano. Nthambi German Agriculture - ziweto ndi mbewu kupanga - kubweretsa dziko phindu lalikulu.

Ife m'dziko ntchito kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano mwa nyama husbandry ndi ulimi adzakhala kwakukulukulu kudalira pa ungwiro wa malamulo m'munsi m'tsogolo. kasamalidwe aluntha chuma ndi kusamala zachilengedwe n'kofunika ya boma. Mwina dongosolo tsogolo la nchito za ulimi wa ku Russia akufanana ndi German. Komabe, pakadali zambiri za chakudya mu dziko lathu kubala lalikulu ndi / s za bungwe.