Njuchi: Njuchi mtundu malongosoledwe, makhalidwe ndi mankhwala njuchi

Species njuchi (Apoidea) pali yaikulu. Only mu gawo European la Soviet Union pali zoposa zikwi. Komabe, chidwi kwa anthu chimodzi chokha mitundu - uchi njuchi (Apis mellifera).

Iwo anasankha asonyeza kuswana tizilombo ndi anthu awo kale. Zotsatira zake zinali kuonekera kwa ambiri Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njuchi. Aliyense wa iwo m'pofunika kudzala mu malo enaake ndi zinthu zoyenera nyengo.

A pang'ono mbiri: mtundu woyambirira wa njuchi ndi makhalidwe awo

Malo amene Hymenoptera ankaona Middle East, Europe ndi Africa. The resettlement wa njuchi madera ena a dziko anthu mphamvu iliyonse pafupifupi analibe. Anatsimikiza makamaka mwa zinthu zitsulo monga kusintha kwa nyengo, zinyama ndi zomera. Chifukwa cha zamoyo zinachita kusankha - pa nthawi, mwachibadwa - panali mitundu ina wosazindikira njuchi. alimi Modern kuwatcha mafuko. Gulu lirilonse ngati ndipo anali poyambira kulenga pazipita zipatso mitundu kuŵetedwa. "Kuphatikana" dera imeneyo - ndi chimene kwenikweni yodziwika ndi tizilombo monga njuchi. Mtundu, ndemanga imene zabwino kwambiri, kawirikawiri regionalized. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale dzina la mitundu kumachitika m'deralo yomwe anachokera. Popeza kusamutsidwa, banja lililonse fakitale zikuoneka kutaya ntchito.

Kodi Mitundu ali zimaŵetedwa ku Russia

Mu dziko lathu, njuchi amadziwikanso ndawala nthawi yaitali. Ndipo choncho, mitundu "ntchito akazi" kuwetedwa njuchi, pali zambiri. Pano pali mtundu wotchuka wa njuchi mu Russia:

• Caucasus phiri;

• Kranjska;

• Buckfast;

• Carpathian;

• Chiyukireniya;

• steppe;

• Chapakati Russian.

Oimira mitundu onsewa - wopindulitsa kwambiri ndi wakhama njuchi. Zimasokoneza njuchi zingasiyane pa malo osiyana. Chifukwa izo ziri, ndi kuyang'ana pa lotsatira.

Pa maziko mtundu wina akhoza siyanitsa ndi zina

Ndipotu njuchi tizilombo otchedwa Hymenoptera banja ndi mbola lakuthwa ndi golide mimba yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima wakuda. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wina kwa mzake akhoza kusiyana ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

• kutalika kwa Zikuluzikulu ya;

• kulemera ndi kukula kwake;

• zimaonetsa mtundu;

• dumbo kuti;

• roylivosti;

• matenda kukana.

Chapakati Russian njuchi: kufotokoza onse

mtundu uwu zimaŵetedwa ku Russia kulikonse. Ndi otchuka kuphatikizapo Siberia. Ananka naye kuno mu 1792 ku Bashkiria msilikali NF Arshenevsky. Pambuyo pake, izi njuchi pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukhazikika mu Siberia. Zaka zapitazi, maonekedwe a Bashkir mitundu sanasinthe. Srednerusskaya mtundu wa njuchi ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Zikuluzikulu 5.9-6.4 mamilimita;

• chachikulu (tsiku lina njuchi umalemera pafupifupi 110 g);

• mdima mtundu - kuchokera wakuda ndi imvi kwambiri, popanda chikasu;

• Yankho kudya zikuchitika kunja ndi dumbo kuti;

• propensity kwa abale;

• matenda kukana ndi kupirira.

Ubwino wa njuchi ku Central Russian

Pakali pano, mtundu umenewu akuti ndi mu dziko lathu lapansi kwambiri. Ndege chapakati Russian njuchi akhoza kubweretsa ndalama yaikulu uchi. Kuti mtundu uwu Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi mbiri deta ndi fireweed - makilogalamu 328 pachaka wa banja.

Luso popanda kumva ululu uliwonse kusamutsa bezobletny 7-8 mwezi hibernation nyengo - mwayi wina chimene chimasiyanitsa njuchi izi. Zimaswana njuchi, monga tanenera kale, pa migrate awo mwakamodzi. Pakuti chapakati Russia si choncho. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zamoyo zina kuti ingafalire pa m'madera ambiri popanda munthu.

Mwatsoka, lero ku Central Russian njuchi alimi powasamalira kwambiri. Ndipo pachabe. Izi ziri mtundu yabwino njuchi pa dera la Russia. imachita mkulu, asanazolowere matenda, kupirira - onse amene mungapange njuchi ndi zambiri yosafuna kuposa mitundu kum'mwera kuswana.

Chiyukireniya steppe: kufotokoza

Kodi chimodzimodzi anachita mtundu umenewu akadali Sizikudziwika kuti aliyense. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Chiyukireniya steppe njuchi - izo zangokhala kum'mwera nthambi ya Central. Enanso amanena kuti ndi wachibale wa Carpathians kapena Kranjska. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ndi Chiyukireniya steppe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya njuchi onse mu maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe a zinthu zimene mosavuta olekanitsidwa ndi mtundu osiyana. Chidachitika mu 1929, asayansi A. S. Skorikovym.

Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya steppe Chiyukireniya ndi:

• Zikuluzikulu 6.34-6.64 masentimita yaitali;

• m'malo okwezeka kulemera (105 g);

• mdima imvi mtundu popanda chikasu;

• osati kwambiri digiri cha dumbo kuti;

• otsika propensity kwa abale;

• kukaniza matenda ndi kulolerana kutentha otsika.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Chiyukireniya steppe njuchi

Ubwino wa mtundu umenewu, kuwonjezera chipiriro, monga zokolola mkulu ndi ntchito pofuna kuteteza zisa zawo kwa akuba uchi tizilombo tina. Chonde, zothetsera predroevogo boma, amakonda kukhala abwino mng'oma wa chiyero - osiyana Chiyukireniya steppe njuchi. Zimaswana njuchi kusiyanitsa ndi zinthu uchi otaya. Chiyukireniya steppe chikutanthauza wolephera ena mitundu ina. Mwa kuipa kwake makamaka kuti akhoza kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma okha zomera ndi okhutira mkulu wa shuga (18%).

Carpathian njuchi: zizindikiro za mtundu wa

mitundu imeneyi yodziwika ndi ingachititse lonse la makhalidwe chuma ndi kwachilengedwenso. The dongosolo la kuphunzira linayamba mu 1966 pansi njira imene Professor selhozakademii iwo. Timiryazeva GA Avtisyana. Yodziwika Carpathian mtundu wa njuchi nkhani zikuluzikulu:

• yayitali Zikuluzikulu 6.3-7 mamita;

• chachikulu (mpaka 110 g);

• imvi pamimba;

• okonda mtendere;

• osati kwambiri propensity kwa abale;

• kukana wachibale matenda ndi kukakala kutentha otsika.

Carpathian njuchi mu kale kuposa Mitundu ina, zaka anayamba kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma. Honey, izi tizilombo kusindikiza "youma" njira.

M'mbuyomu, alimi obereketsa wapadera kawetedwe mtundu Carpathian njuchi anali ayipanga - Moscow. tsiku kulemera nyama ya gulu angafikire 120 ga ochekenera mtundu wa njuchi Moscow ali ndi silvery yowala.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtundu Carpathian

Ubwino wa njuchi tikukhala mu m'tsinde mwa Carpathians, monga zokolola mkulu, kupirira ndi khalidwe mtendere. Mosiyana ndi ena ambiri, mtundu umenewu amatha kusonkhanitsa wambirimbiri uchi, ngakhale ndi zomera zili otsika shuga. The kuipa njuchi ichi ndi chizolowezi kuba, utachepa ulimi wa phula ndi mphwayi kuti sera njenjete. Komabe, chifukwa zokolola mkulu, Carpathian ndi Moscow - mtundu wotchuka wa njuchi mu Russia.

Kranjska njuchi

mtundu aumbike mwa m'tsinde mwa Alps. Zinali kwa iye kenako anapita Carpathian njuchi. Mu nyengo yathu mtundu umenewu ndi zopindulitsa zachuma. Ake zinthu zofunika chosiyana ndi:

• osati kale kwambiri Zikuluzikulu (6.9 mm);

• mwachilungamo lalikulu thupi (110 g);

• imvi ndi Sheen siliva, mtundu wakuda kapena brownish wa pamimba;

• khalidwe mtendere;

• m'malo okwezeka propensity kwa abale;

• yozizira hardiness ndi kukana matenda.

Mwazina, mtundu wa amakhala ndi chitukuko oyambirira masika. Njuchi kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma angathe pamalo okwera mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Kranjska njuchi

Ubwino wa mtundu umenewu monga ntchito yapamwamba pa amphamvu uchi zosonkhanitsira, luso msanga amatha kusintha koipa kwa zomera bwino kuti ndinazolowera ku mavuto nyengo, ndalama kumwa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. The drawback yaikulu ya Carpathian mtundu popanda propensity kwa abale imatengedwa chitetezo ofooka zisa ku kuba.

Features kawetedwe Buckfast

Mtundu wa njuchi, malongosoledwe a chidapatsidwa pamwamba, zikhoza kukhala otukuka pafupifupi m'madera onse a dziko. Buckfast - ndi mtundu wa zipatso, koma si ozizira zosagwira kwambiri. Choncho, n'koyenera kulima mbali yaikulu yekha mu nyengo kum'mwera. Anapezerapo hybrid uyu anali mu 20s wa atumwi wotsiriza wa Chimonko Carl Kerhle ndi kuwoloka mtsinje wa ku Italy, Anatolia, Chimakedoniya, Aigupto ndi Greek Mitundu. Waukulu amakhala mbali ya njuchi Buckfast ndi:

• Zikuluzikulu kutalika pakati;

• kulemera lolemera (115 g);

• yunifolomu lachikasu bulauni mtundu;

• mtendere;

• pafupifupi propensity kwa abale;

• matenda kukana (makamaka akarapidozom) ndi kudziwa otsika kutentha.

Njuchi mtundu umenewu bwino kutsukidwa wa zinyalala ndi ming'oma kuwuluka kwa ziphuphu pa mtunda wautali.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Wa European Western mtundu wonse wa njuchi Buckfast ndi asonyeza. Ndiponso, izi njuchi osiyana fecundity ndi kusinthasintha mkulu kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. The kuipa monga digiri makamaka otsika hardiness. Pamene kuswana mu kumpoto kwa Russia awa ming'oma ya njuchi ayenera kukhala ofunda.

Mountain Caucasus njuchi: makhalidwe waukulu

Kodi mtundu wa njuchi ayipanga kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu komabe? Caucasus phiri amakhala makamaka mapiri a Armenia, Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. Mu dziko lathu, ndi sitimadzipereka mu Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Gawo. amakhala ake zinthu zofunika ndi izi:

• Zikuluzikulu 6.7-7.25 mamilimita;

• osati kwambiri thupi misa (90 g);

• siliva imvi mtundu wopanda chikasu chitin inclusions;

• propensity ang'onoang'ono abale;

• osati kwambiri kukana matenda, kukakala kwa chisanu.

Njuchi mtundu lino samakukonda dampness. Choncho, ming'oma zofunika kukonza mpweya wabwino. Mu nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa Njuchi zikhoza kusungidwa osati misewu yozizira, komanso kunja.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa imvi Caucasus zimasokoneza

Ubwino wa mtundu wa njuchi mu malo oyamba ndi luso kusonkhanitsa wambirimbiri uchi, ngakhale ndi zomera zimene muli shuga. Kunenepa mumng'oma kungakhale makilogalamu mpaka 1.5 patsiku. Komanso kuphatikiza Gray Caucasus mtundu imatengedwa mphamvu wabwino wa mabanja kuteteza zisa ndi mkulu zokolola za phula.

The kuipa mitundu ya njuchi ikukhudzana kwenikweni osati kukana zabwino kwambiri matenda. Anthu mu ming'oma ya njuchi madera ayenera kukhala kulenga zinthu womasuka kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi Chiyukireniya steppe ndi chapakati Russia, mtundu umenewu si ololera kwambiri kutentha otsika. Ndicho chifukwa n'koyenera kulamulira kwa kuswana yekha mu zigawo kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. Komanso, izi njuchi akusiya mitundu ina yambiri ya uchi mu mawu a linanena bungwe pa ziphuphu mkulu.

The mankhwala chachikulu cha njuchi

Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu yonse tafotokozazi zoona, mkulu zokolola. Kodi mawu akuti izi? The mankhwala chachikulu ndi njuchi uchi, phula ndi phula. Komanso, tizilombo izi zabweretsa pa apiaries kuti apeze wapatali kwambiri achifumu odzola, mungu ndi njoka njuchi.

katundu uchi

Waukulu mankhwala a njuchi ali ndithu zovuta mankhwala zikuchokera. Honey ali mankhwala, bactericidal ndi katundu zakudya. tingachidziwe zimadalira zinthu zambiri: mtundu wa njuchi, mitundu zomera, nyengo, etc. Malinga uchi angathandize madzi zili zosiyana, mipweya, mtundu, mlingo wa crystallization, etc .....

Mitundu ya mankhwala, pali zinthu zingapo:

• madzi kwambiri (clover, mthethe);

• madzi (buckwheat, laimu);

• wandiweyani (dandelion);

• zomatira (chivwende);

• odzola (balere).

Honey ntchito mu chakudya zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala. Ndi ntchito chofufumitsa ndi mitanda anapanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito odana ndi ukalamba creams, angakhale angelo ndi mankhwala ochapira tsitsi. Mu mankhwala, mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito monga kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi odana ndi yotupa wothandizira. Komanso, uchi alinso mankhwala achilengedwe.

Ubwino phula

mankhwala mu mng'oma amagwira ntchito ziwiri: kuteteza njuchi ku chinyezi kuphimba awo chipolopolo chitin, ndipo amakhala mfundo kumanga maselo. Ngati uchi, njuchi sera mwina mumtundu ndi zikuchokera. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala wapatali m'madera ambiri a chuma: makampani chikopa, makampani kuwala, chakudya komanso ngakhale mu zitsulo ndi makampani ndege. Limodzi mwa madera chachikulu cha ntchito ndi mankhwala. Sera ntchito pa matenda a matenda a pakhungu, monga chilonda machiritso ndi odana ndi yotupa wothandizira.

phula ndi chiyani?

Izi mankhwala wina analandira pa dilution tizilombo monga njuchi. Zimasokoneza njuchi lambiri, ndipo iwo onse kubala phula zothandiza. Otchulidwa zomatira apadera mdima mtundu. Njuchi ntchito pomata mong'ambika mu mng'oma. Mtundu ndi fungo la thunthu zimadalira kwenikweni mtundu wanji wa zomera uchi kukula umakhala pafupi malo owetera. Phula akhoza kukhala bulauni kapena lakuda. Mitundu yonse ya zakudya - mavitamini, amino zidulo ndi kufufuza zinthu - mankhwala lili yaikulu.

Ambiri ntchito njuchi zomatira anapeza mankhwala. Mothandizidwa azichitira ake chikanga ndi matenda ena a pakhungu, gastritis, chironda chachikulu, matenda a m'matumbo ndipo T D..

achifumu odzola

Mwina mankhwala chidali cha njuchi. Mkaka ntchito kudyetsa tizilombo uterine mphutsi pamisinkhu osiyanasiyana. Ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kwachilengedwenso stimulant, wopangidwa mwa ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu. The kugwirizana kwa zakudya akufanana wowawasa kirimu ndi ali ndi mtundu woyera.

mankhwala Njuchi iyi ndi wofunika makamaka chakuti iwo akhoza kwambiri kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira cha munthuyo. Mkaka komanso ntchito zochizira matenda mantha dongosolo, osabereka ndi kusabala, normalization kuthamanga, kutsitsa shuga, ndi zina zotero. D.

Mungu ndi njuchi njoka

Otchedwa ambrosia mungu, tizilombo pamodzi sitolo kwa dzinja. Kulawa mankhwala akufanana rye mkate. Mu perge ngati phula, lili yambiri amino zidulo, mavitamini ndi mchere. Ndi kupukusa zonse pa 100%. M'dera chachikulu cha ntchito mungu ndi mankhwala ndi cosmetology.

Bee njoka ali chobalidwa wapadera wa ntchito secretory mu thupi la tizilombo ndi. Ndi bwino, colorless madzi ndi fungo m'malo zosangalatsa. mipweya yake asanamvetsetse mpaka tsopano. Akukhulupirira kuti tizilombo anthu akhale 500 tizilombo ting'onoting'ono nthawi yomweyo. Zedi laling'ono monga njoka njuchi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati odana ndi yotupa ndi antimicrobial wothandizira.

m'malo epilogue ndi

mitundu Bee, zabweretsa ku Russia, pali zambiri. Ambiri a iwo yodziwika ndi zokolola mkulu. Kuswana chapakati Chirasha, Chiyukireniya, imvi phiri njuchi ndi mitundu ina zafotokozedwa pamwambapa kungakhale moona kopindulitsa malonda, kubweretsa mbuye wake ndalama zabwino, ndi chuma - ubwino chogwirika.