The zikuchokera kwa nthaka

Gawo dothi kumadalira pa mfundo moganizira nthaka monga wodziimira chilengedwe wapadera wa thupi, amene akhoza kuvala ndime ndi mchere, zomera ndi nyama. Njira imeneyi gulu zachokera katundu ndi zinthu za chiyambi cha dothi. Chigawo choyamba cha nthaka pa maziko majini a Dokuchaev

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha ndilo gulu - ndi mtundu wa dothi. Izi wagawo gulu zikutanthauza dothi anakumana pansi chofanana ndi katundu zofanana ndi dongosolo.

Pakati wotchuka kwambiri tingasiyanitsire mitundu zotsatirazi wa dothi: podzolic, krasnozems, nthaka wakuda, m'madambo mchere, ndi ena. Mitundu nthaka zidzasankhidwa zambiri subtypes pa genera mu mitundu ndi mitundu ndi siyana.

Subtypes kuonetsa mbali zapadera za mbiri nthaka. Umagwira ntchito ngati nyengo chokhala ndi zinthu matenthedwe m'dera kumpoto. Subtypes ndi intermediates pakati pa mitundu ya.

kulekana Komanso amapezeka genera ndi mitundu ya nthaka. The genera ambiri nthaka: ochiritsira, zamchere, yotsalira-mchere, saline, khwatsi mchenga ndi kukhudzana gley, yotsalira carbonate, yotsalira-louma.

Mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka ali kugawa zina mu mitundu. View akuganizira mmene ananena ndondomeko mapangidwe nthaka, ankaikira inayake nthaka. Nayenso mwa mitundu amadziŵika angapo mitundu. Iwo zokhudzana ndi mtundu umodzi wa nthaka, kusiyana kwa chomwe dongosolo awo mawotchi. Zikuphatikizapo dongo ndipo loam, mchenga ndi mchenga loam. Kudulidwa kwa mizere ya zikutanthauza kuti nthaka ali ndi maonekedwe omwewo ndi kapangidwe, koma nkhani kholo inayamba osiyana.

katundu osiyanasiyana ali mwachindunji akudalira kapangidwe wa nthaka.

Khalidwe limeneli anatsimikiza ndi chiŵerengero cha particles osiyana kakulidwe nthaka ndi chimaonetsera kuchuluka a. Chichereŵechereŵe, timiyala ndi miyala ndi permeability osauka, kupanga makombo thanthwe ndi zipangizo chachikulu. Sand ali chuma cha mofulumira pochitika madzi, kuchokera pafupifupi imakhala yokha ya mchere chachikulu. fumbi lili mchere sekondale, kutupa kwa madzi - zodabwitsazi amachititsa katundu ngati nthaka monga stickiness ndi plasticity. Nthaka zikuchokera sludge kumaphatikizapo mchere sekondale ku dongo. Iwo zatupa kwambiri madzi, ndiye musaphonye pafupifupi palibe madzi, palibe mpweya.

Ngati particles ali yafupika kukula, ndondomeko akuyamba weathering ndi wotsatira mapangidwe mchere sekondale - ndi hydroxide yachitsulo, aluminiyamu, aluminosilicates ndi carbonates wa Ca, K, MG.

Kukula kwa zinthu mwamwambo zokhudza mipweya awo ndi thupi katundu. Chotero, podziwa zikuchokera nthaka, mungapeze zimene katundu nyamayi.

Chapamwamba nthaka M'maso ndi nthaka-n'kupanga miyala izo, malingana ndi dongosolo makina, ogaŵikana:

• mchenga:

- chikugwirizana;

- lotayirira.

• Loam.
• dongo:

- adalemeradi;

- pafupifupi;

- mapapo.

• loam:

- adalemeradi;

- pafupifupi;

- mapapo.

Osiyana kapangidwe wa nthaka, mmene zili dongo thupi, bwanji chuma monga ductility. Pa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana m'dziko akhoza falitsani mu mpira kapena chingwe. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa kapangidwe wa nthaka m'munda. Dzinali zambiri akuganizira akuphatikizapo makina. Mwachitsanzo, wamba wakuda dothi lolemera loam.

Agronomic katundu wa dothi labwino chimadaliranso kapangidwe awo. Zosavuta kusamalira ndi mchenga loam, chifukwa iwo amatchedwa m'mapapo. M'malo mwake, loam ndi dongo limadziwika kuti katundu chifukwa cha mavuto mankhwala agronomic. Komabe, iwo ali kwambiri zakudya ndi manyowa, zimene motsutsana ndi mchenga ndi mchenga loam, choncho ankaona kuti kwambiri chonde.