Chomenyera - ndi chowopsya kale

Chomenyera - kuyima kuyan'anila za ndalama anthu ena ntchito chiwawa ndi kumuopseza. Kutchuka kwa mawu amamuonera m'nthawi kusintha mu nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Racketeers otchedwa ang'ono ang'ono magulu a zigawenga, kuchita "chitetezo chomenyera." Iwo mokakamiza woyikidwa ntchito chitetezo co-operatives zosiyanasiyana kapena mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, umene panthawi imeneyo unali kwambiri. Zolinga za chithandizo awa akupeza zigawenga kwa wogulitsa mbali ya phindu kwa racketeers kuti kumbuyo Iye kwa matenda magulu ena kupikisana.

zigawenga zachikondi

Chomenyera wa zaka 90 wakhala mliri weniweni wa dziko, koma sanamvetse mantha zonse zimene zikuchitika. Chifanizo cha racketeer anali unakuta mu aura ya romanticism ndi mosaopa, mwadala aumbike mwa malangizo a kuzunza anthu. Magulu anapeka makamaka mwa akatswiri akale ndi asilikali amene, chifukwa kusintha boma anataya zinthu zawo lapamtima, ndipo anali osauka, ndi pamaso pa iwo akuyembekezera moyo tanthauzo.

magulu anatsogolera kawirikawiri zigawenga kale. Zochitika yotsika mtengo omenyana kumadzulo, ndipo anayambitsa mu Mipingo mochedwa maganizo "racketeering".

N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zingatheke

Chomenyera - ndi chigawenga, achiwawa kulanda anthu ambiri kupindula ndi.

Chiyambireni cha chilolezo boma la bizinesi ndi zikamera wa amalonda choyamba mu USSR waukulu "malonda" kwa magulu anali kulanda. Pofika m'ma nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri ankalamulira pafupifupi 85% ya malonda, kupatula malonda chitetezo. Iwo sakudziwa akugwa pansi pa "chitetezo" chomenyera gulu yekha pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo mwachindunji yazamalamulo.

The eni woyamba sanalandire chithandizo chilichonse malamulo ndi kupulumuka, anakakamizika kugwirizana ndi zigawenga. Malonda zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito chiwawa zigawenga pamwamba zone wathuyo, kufunsa kuthandiza panalibe, kuyambira chomenyera - izo si mbava chabe. Mbali yaikulu ya antchito a matupi yazamalamulo chinali chovunda ndi zogwirizana chomenyera lapansi. Nkhani ya Code Wachifwamba, kumene ogwira analengeza oletsedwa, linachotsedwa okha mochedwa 1991.

ikuthamangira 90

Kuti kuitana "pempho chigawenga" mu magulu anathamangira achinyamata mbewu ya strata amdera lawo. Ana kuchokera m'mabanja osokonekera, azimayi kuwerenga iliyonse khobidi, ndipo makolo nthawi zambiri woledzera benchi pogogoda iwo. Mu m'mizinda ikuluikulu , iwo sanapite chifukwa cha phunziro - amakopeka ndi njira zachidule phindu, adzawalanga ndi kulekerera. Zinali yapamwamba kuti ku "chomenyera ndi achifwamba 'wakhala pafupifupi njira boma ndalama.

Kukwatiwa anthu ochepa zigawenga mu nyumba lendi anthu eyiti kugona pansi, pa mphasa, analandira $ 500 malipiro, anali ndi galimoto ntchito anthu asanu.

Choyamba, magulu onse awa ndi malo okwanira, koma akapeza, m'pamenenso iwo anali kugawanitsa mzinda m'zigawo pamudzipo. Ndiyeno kuwombera anayamba ...

bandit nkhondo

Ngakhale ambiri amakhulupirira, kuti mbava '90s, racketeering, chiwawa ponseponse anali basi chifukwa dziko chigawenga, momveka iyo siingakhoze ankanena.

Bandit nkhondo inayamba mu 1993, imodzimodzi ndi nsonga ya kulimbana ndale mu akulamulira Russian osankhika. Anayamba woyamba kumenyana ndi mfuti Chechnya, omwe udali chaka chotsatira mu nkhondo yeniyeni. zochitika zonse anayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndipo anapitiriza mu kufanana. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti zonse zitatu zochitika buku lina. Ndipo si zigawenga koma anthu amene amakhala malinga awo, olekana ndi malamulo ena, ndi Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wapadera akulamulira kenako.

Simudzadziwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha milandu anachita ndi zigawenga mu masiku amenewo. Mu Moscow yekha, pa nthawi, kuti panali chifukwa, pafupi makumi asanu kupha anali anathana, hundredweight anagwira zida, mabomba.

Mu 1994, ku likulu anapha chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabwana zigawenga. Kunali kosatheka pankhondo imeneyi kumvetsa aliyense pamene mdani amene akumenyana amene. Ndipo tsopano mpaka kalekale sitikudziwa amene anapha amene.

Mu positi-perestroika, magulu ambiri mwaimika nyumba zawo chitetezo ndi yokhala mtchatho, ndi mawu akuti "chomenyera" mwa ntchito. Ambiri mwa akuluakulu zoyambazo zapita malonda kapena ndale.

Chikumenyana magulu, chomenyera - m'zaka kale ndipo wakhala masamba a mbiriyakale. Ndi nthawi kutengapo maganizo, kupewa kubwereza.