Kaperekedwe kantchito, mudzaze nyemba. Mndandanda wa ntchito ndi zinthu woopsawo ntchito

Aliyense wogwira ntchito adzatha bwino ganizilani zinthu ntchito yawo. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira zonse za chilengedwe, anakumana ndi anthu a kudzinenera zosiyanasiyana.

khalidwe la kupanga ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, panafunika Dongosolo la ayenera kupereka wantchito Chikalata chimene boma, mayina a "Poyankha mafakitale". chikalata ichi angathe kuwonetsa zosiyanasiyana komanso kamangidwe kake, chifukwa zonse zimadalira cholinga chomwe chikufunika.

Kumene, mitundu yonse ya makhalidwe kupanga kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kuwerengera. Komabe, tiyenera kutchula mitundu itatu yofala kwambiri ya chikalata ichi. Njirazi ndi monga:

Kupanga makhalidwe a ntchito. Written kufunsitsa za mtundu uliwonse; chikhalidwe yeniyeni apa ndi malongosoledwe a akatswiri, chikhalidwe kapena ntchito za wolembedwa ntchito, komanso kufufuza makhalidwe ndi malonda.

Kupanga makhalidwe a kantchito pa wophunzira, kuchita ntchito zothandiza kampaniyo. mawonekedwe chikalata sadzafika kawirikawiri, komanso malo kukhala. Pankhaniyi, patchulidwa mu mawonekedwe ufulu. Imakhala bwana wake kapena gulu woimira ogwira ntchito.

Kupanga makhalidwe a zikhalidwe ntchito wofunikila kudutsa VTEK (ntchito zachipatala Katswiri ntchito) ndi ITU (zachipatala ndi chikhalidwe ukatswiri). fomu iyi kwa bukuli ndi imodzi yotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka. Linapangidwa pa nthawi ya kufufuza wathunthu kuchipatala wodwalayo. Kupsa digiri ya imfa (tsankho kapena wathunthu) wa kulemala wantchitoyo chilema kumatanthauza gulu. M'pofunika zonse, ndithudi, zotsatira kuona kuti litsatidwe zinthu ntchito zaumoyo antchito a. Chikalata chomwecho wosindikiza abwana ake, poyamba anachita mogwirizana kwambiri ndi makhalidwe ukhondo. Komanso, buku pazikhalanso makhalidwe a zokolola, ndi onse ogwira malamulo kupanga, etc .. D. Ngati gulu lako lili malo zachipatala, ndiye lembani yankho ayenera dokotala. Komabe, mokakamizidwa chitsimikizo cha chikalata adzakhala ntchito siginecha ya mutu kapena Chief ndodo.

Za zinthu zoipa ntchito

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti malamulo panopa ayenera kupereka anthu kuti ntchito mu zinthu zoipa ntchito, ena mwa ufulu wachibadidwe woperekedwa ndi ubwino. Kodi mtundu wa chitsimikizo ndi zimene mawonekedwe chiyani? Yankho la funso limeneli ndi zovuta ndi zovuta. Ndipotu, pali classifications ambiri kudziwa malamulo kupereka phindu kwa ogwira ntchito. Choncho ndikofunikira amatchula, funso lina lofunika kwambiri: wotani chilengedwe ntchito akuti ndi zoipa ndi zoopsa thanzi la antchito?

mafotokozedwe Long zinthu machitidwe a oimira kudzinenera osiyana analola kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zazikulu zomwe zimapanga zinthu zoipa akatswiri:

• Amaona mavuto a kantchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo ntchito nthawi yaitali mosalekeza, ndi wonyong'onya kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maganizo ndi ozindikira dera.
• Amaona azikhala kantchito. Izi zonse zazikulu ndiponso malo amodzi katundu zokhudzana, kawirikawiri ndi ntchito yadzaoneni. Izi iwonso monga zinthu zazing'ono ndi akutivutitsa ngati kugwedeza womangika pamene kugwira ntchito, ambiri kubwereza wa kanthu, ndi zina zotero. D.
• Chemical muyezo. Akuti, ngati alipo mu zimakhudza thupi la zinthu zosiyanasiyana woopsawo (zidulo, alkalis, reagents ndi T.). Fumbi kapena kuipitsidwa, katundu yatsekera mpweya - zonsezi komanso limakhudza akugwirizana ndi.
• General thupi muyezo. Mwina gulu ambiri zinthu; Onse chifukwa kuno si lolingana kutentha yachibadwa, chinyezi, osiyanasiyana cheza - ionizing kapena osakhala ionizing, mlingo wa liwiro la mpweya, kugwedera ndi phokoso, kuunikira kuchepa, ndi zambiri. Ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoipa ntchito ndi yoopsa nthawi zambiri mu gulu ili. mabizinezi ambiri m'mayiko ambiri ndi abwino kwa ankaona i gulu.
• Tizilombo zinthu. Izi kwambiri kwambiri apadera gulu, abwino okha makampani kumene pali zinthu zamoyo osiyanasiyana mwamphamvu. Gawani zinthu izi, ndithudi, m'magulu awiri: tizilombo (mabakiteriya, nkhungu, ndi tizilombo tina ndi spirochetes) ndi zazikulu-zamoyo (nyama ndi zomera).

Anakhalabe sanathetsedwe funso lina: bwanji kuti aone ngati mtundu winawake wa ntchito zoipa? Pali wapadera boma lamulo la RF nambala 870. Zonse boma zokhudza mtundu wa ntchito zofunika kuzitenga izo kuchokera kumeneko. Komabe, chikalata ichi, mwatsoka, sati anthu ambiri chifukwa chimango a. Pali malamulo ku Utumiki Health, koma ambiri a iwo zochokera lamulo lakale Soviet, amene amathandiza mndandanda wonse wa mabungwe, m'madipatimenti ndi maudindo zimene tingaone kuti sangadziteteze thanzi. ndi mndandanda zimenezi? Pa izi ndi nkhani zotsatirazi.

Mndandanda wa ntchito ndi zinthu woopsawo ntchito

Full mndandanda wa ntchito munali woopsawo ndi sangadziteteze kantchito ali ndi malamulo a Boma Kusankha nambala 665. Mu chikalata ichi, mndandanda wonse wa opindula anawerengedwa, amene kugwira ntchito zinthu zoopsa, katundu kapena zinthu zosafunikira. Pansipa Komabe, ndi mndandanda abridged za magulu a anthu omwe mukugwira nawo ntchito ndi woopsa. Monga wa 2016 zikuphatikizapo:

• ogwira migodi
• metallurgists, yopezera zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi akakhala;
• ogwira ntchito popanga mafuta jenereta;
• antchito, ogwira ntchito himkompaniyah;
• anthu amene ntchito ali onga, zipolopolo ndi mabomba osiyanasiyana ndi zina zotero. d.
• ogwira ntchito za mafuta ndi gasi makampani komanso mabungwe yotulutsa khala migodi, zipangizo shale, gasi condensate, ndi zina zotero. d.
• anthu kugwirizana ndi zitsulo;
• ogwira ntchito, mwanjira ina chikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga wailesi ndi zamagetsi;
• antchito a makampani magetsi;
• antchito a makampani popanga zipangizo zomangira nyumba;
• ogwira ntchito galasi ndi dongo mafakitale;
• anthu zikugwira opanga ulusi, mapepala ndi zamkati;
• ogwira ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zachipatala
• ogwira ntchito zoyendera ndi mabungwe;
• anthu zokhudzana ndi mphamvu nyukiliya ndi makampani nyukiliya.

Omanga, owotcherera, antchito m'munda wa Agriculture, openta, ozimitsa moto ndi ena ambiri, njira ina yogwirira madera ntchito ntchito yamanja - onse a iwo a magulu a mwayi ndi kulowa mndandanda wa ntchito ndi zinthu woopsawo ntchito.

Ndondomeko ya ziyenera a kantchito

Mu 2013, izo anaikidwa mu makope nambala Chilamulo Federal 426. wasankha kugwira njira yapadera, wotchedwa "Kafukufuku kantchito kuntchito." Mutu wa bungwe poyamba anapanga okha chitsimikizo ntchito zilipo, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo Federal mu mphamvu kuyamba nthawi opaleshoni pansi kulingalira.

Zitsanzo zinthu makhalidwe ntchito kwa MLCE anapereka m'munsimu.

Choncho, kodi ziyenera wapadera wa kantchito kuntchito ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani Kumafunikira? The ziyenera - mtundu wa mndandanda wa ntchito zina, makhalidwe enieni kantchito umalimbana:

• pa kudziwika zinthu ndi sangadziteteze mu kupanga ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito;
• pa kufufuza mlingo wa chikoka mwa mfundozi pa ogwira ntchito.

Akamaliza wa ziyenera izi ayenera:

• kuonetsetsa onse chitetezo antchito (onse losonkhanitsidwa ndi munthu);
• kukhazikitsa ufulu wachibadidwe woperekedwa zofunikira zonse ndi phindu kwa ogwira ntchito;
• kuchititsa mayeso zachipatala (poyamba magaziniyo);
• kukhazikitsa zina tariffs zopereka kwa Fund National penshioni;
• kuwerengetsa kuchotsera pa "choipa";
• kukonzekera malipoti mu mawonekedwe a ziwerengero pa kantchito.

Pa anatumidwa ntchito zonse anapereka pamwamba? Kufufuza kantchito kuntchito ayenera kuchitidwa mu ulemu anthu onse ntchito, kupatula homeworkers ndi antchito ntchito chosonyeza. Osati monga kufufuza anthu kuti mwalowa ubale ntchito ndi abwana - munthu amene si wazamalonda payekha.

Momwe ziyenera kuchitidwa aziona kantchito, zinalembedwa zosiyanasiyana mabuku ndi nkhani. Komabe, gwero zolondola kwambiri, ndithudi, Chilamulo Federal nambala 426. M'pofunika kulabadira funso lina lofunika: zimene nthawi ayenera idzachitika mndandanda wa miyeso pansi pa cikwati?

Pamene ziyenera a kantchito?

Pafupifupi khalidwe la kantchito ayenera kukhala osachepera kamodzi pa zaka zisanu. Linali ya miyeso ikuchitika, kumene, pa maziko kuvomerezedwa - kaya zinthu zilizonse zangozi kapena ayi munali kale poyera. Palinso zinthu zingapo zimene zimachititsa kukhazikitsa chiphasochi unscheduled wa kantchito. Nazi zina zimene zingachititse dongosolo kafukufuku ndi:

• kumene bungwe kutchito zimayikidwa mu kugwira ntchito;
• mutu wa bungwe limapeza "uthenga" wa boma ntchito Woyang'anira wa anayendera unscheduled;
• kusintha zikuchokera zipangizo zopangira ntchito kapena zinthu (koma pokhapokha ngati zomangira akhoza kusokoneza anthu ogwira ntchito kumalo a ntchito);
• kusintha ndondomeko yokha, pali m'malo zida kupanga (kachiwiri, kokha kukachitika kuti zipangizo si abwino);
• m'malo kapena chodzitetezera gulu kapena munthu modernized;
• Yopanga amapezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena ngozi;
• bwana nomination kwa chiphasochi unscheduled bizinesi ndi mgwirizano malonda kapena zina woimira thupi.

Kotero, kufotokoza ambiri a zikhalidwe ntchito ndi zikhalidwe ntchito kumachitika kawirikawiri kuposa kamodzi pa zaka zisanu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ambiri mwa makampani akukumana ndi chiphasochi unscheduled zambiri. N'chifukwa chake kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi osamala. Ayenera kusamalira antchito ake chingatithandize kukhala yopanga mkulu khalidwe ndi kuchotsa kwambiri kawirikawiri, choncho intrusive chiphasochi.

4 3 makalasi a kantchito

Kuona kantchito anamaliza unsembe wa makalasi zina ndi subclasses kuntchito. mwambo umenewu umachitika kuti kudziwa tariffs ena Fund ndi penshioni Russian Federation, kukula ndi phindu.

Choncho, kodi magulu osiyanasiyana a kantchito? Izi zidalira pa mlingo wa ngozi; kotero kuti pali milingo anayi:

• Mlingo 4 - woopsa;
• Mlingo 3 - zoipa;
• Mlingo 2 - chovomerezeka;
• Mlingo 1 - yabwino.

Kodi kalasi oopsa ntchito? Ngati mumayesa mwachidule pofotokoza gulu la akatswiri, tikhoza kunena kuti wogwira ntchito kukhudzana ndi loopsa ndi zoipa yopanga ndikale amatha kusokoneza moyo ndi thanzi la antchito. Pali chiopsezo matenda pachimake kuntchito.

M'kalasi yachitatu, ndicho zoipa, akhoza kuikidwa pa ulimi pokhapokha ngati ogwira ntchito zinthu chikoka sangadziteteze owonjezera pambali miyezo anakhazikitsa. Gulu la a ntchito lagawidwa ndi subclasses zotsatirazi:

3.1. kalasi akufotokozedwa ngati ya kantchito, imene ntchito thupi amatenga pang'ono nthawi zambiri kuti achire. Izo ziyenera kuperekedwa kuwerengetsera wa mosinthana ndi azisangalalo.

3.2. subclass Izi amakhala ndi zikamera matenda ntchito m'mapapo chifukwa ntchito yake.

3.3. Yodziwika ndi pakutchulidwa mu matenda ntchito zolimbitsa.

3.4. Yodziwika ndi pakutchulidwa matenda mwa ogwira ntchito mu mawonekedwe olemera ndi lakuthwa.

1 ndi 2 makalasi a kantchito

Gulu lachiwiri - zinthu zimene n'losaloleka ntchito. Pamafunikanso zinthu sangadziteteze kuntchito, amene koma si upambana anakhazikitsa mfundo za ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Inde, mitundu yosiyanasiyana amangokhala ndi makhalidwe a kantchito payenera ogwira ntchito za thupi kalasi, wachiwiri ayenera chiopsezo pang'ono kugwa kudwala chifukwa si chilengedwe bwino ntchito. Komabe, malinga ndi zolembedwa, thupi amatha kugwira ntchito kwathunthu achire ku anasintha ntchito wotsatira. Komanso, ngozi sadzakhala ndi kungasokoneze munthu mu yaitali kapena yochepa.

Gulu lomaliza - kantchito ndi mulingo woyenera. Kukhazikika kokha pamene yopanga zinthu kwathunthu palibe choopsa kapena zoipa, ndipo pali nyengo yabwino abwino moyenera nkhawa thupi ndi m'maganizo. Zimamuchulukira gulu loyamba a anthu ogwira ntchito sanaloledwe.

Choncho, zinthu machitidwe a makalasi zokambidwa pamwambapa anawerengedwa ndithu bwino ndi chabe. Kupeza nkhawa ili kapena kuti ntchito, si choncho zovuta chimodzimodzi zomwe gulu.

Pa ukhondo-ukhondo makhalidwe a zikhalidwe ntchito

Mu 2008, 31 May linatuluka pa dongosolo kudyetsedwa. Service kwa anthu umoyo ndi chitetezo cha ufulu ogula 'pansi chiwerengero 103. Ndi chikalata ichi ndi amavomereza malangizo pochita zinthu zokhudza adziwe ukhondo ndi ukhondo wa zinthu ntchito. Pofuna kumvetsa bwino momwe izo ziyenera kuchitidwa makhalidwe ukhondo-ukhondo wa kantchito, m'pofunika "kuyenda" pa malamulo ambiri. Kotero, kuti ankaona ntchito khalidwe limene amanyamula nkhope ntchito ndi matenda kuti chikanachitika mu njira ya ntchito akatswiri, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:

1. Kupita ndipo anapanga zonse zofunika pa kantchito, komwe kunasonyeza matenda kuntchito.
2. Linakonzedwa ndi makhalidwe ayenera zosaposa masiku 7.
3. Khalidwe ayenera kukonza mu magazini 4 ndi kusainidwa ulamuliro akatswiri.
4. Ngati ndi kotheka, ayenera anapempha zikalata zina ndi zambiri.
5. Ngati wogwira ntchito wakhala kuzindikiridwa matenda kuyambirira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zikalata kuti atsimikizire ngati sangadziteteze moyo ndi thanzi mfundo za ulimi.
6. Pofotokoza mmene ntchito antchito ayenera kuonedwa ntchito boma komanso zomwe zimachokera kwa wolembedwa ntchito.
7. mfundo zonse za thupi, zasayansi kapena maphunziro malangizo ayenera anagonjera ngati ubwenzi wathu ndi yankho ankaona.
8. Maganizo a wantchito, komanso maulamuliro, mboni ndi anthu ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pali kukonzekera ndi kudzazidwa ndi makhalidwe a wantchito kantchito pa kuwulula matenda wake kuntchito.

Kodi kudzaza za kantchito?

Tsoka ilo, si anthu onse omwe akuyang'anira izi kapena bungwe lomwe akudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito molongosoka ndi kutulutsa ndondomeko ya akatswiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kulingalira funso lofunikira komanso lofunika kwambiri: kodi khalidwe la ogwira ntchito likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pofufuza?

Kodi ndi mtundu wanji umene mukufuna kuti mutenge? Nthaŵi zambiri, khalidwe lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito likulembedwa pa mawonekedwe opanda kanthu, ngakhale kuti izi sizowona kuti ndizofunikira. Pamwamba pa mndandanda, FIO ya ogwira ntchito, tsiku lobadwa kwake, adiresi, nambala ya foni, ndipo, ngati pali, malo ophunzirira, akusonyezedwa.

Pambuyo pofotokoza mwachidule za ntchito yapitayi ya wogwira ntchitoyo. Ndikofunika kufotokozera ntchito yapitayi ya munthu waluso, mphoto zake ndi zopindula, adalandira kuvulala kwa akatswiri, etc. Ichi ndi chinthu chovomerezeka ngati khalidwe la zochitika za WTEC likukonzedwa.

Chitsanzo cha zikhalidwe za ntchito za ITU zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.

Kenaka, muyenera kufotokoza malo enieni a ntchito ya munthuyo. Izi zachitidwa mochuluka. Amasonyeza ntchito, katundu, zopuma za mpumulo kapena chamasana, kutentha ndi kukakamiza m'malo ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, sikuli koyenera kuwonetsa zinthu zonse zovulaza apa, pokhapokha kusokonezeka kungabwere. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mu ndime yosiyana (kapena chaputala). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufotokoza ndondomeko yeniyeni, phokoso, zinthu zoopsa mumlengalenga, ndi zina. Pano muyeneranso kulembetsa deta yonse yokhudza maulendo ogwira ntchito (ngati alipo). Mu "Kutsiliza" mungathe kulemba za mwayi wopita ku ntchito yopepuka komanso yovuta.

Chidziwitsochi chinasindikizidwa ndi mkulu wa dipatimenti ya antchito, mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yalamulo, dokotala wamkulu komanso mutu wa malonda. Inde, payenera kukhala chisindikizo.

Pazikhalidwe za ntchito pa mgwirizano wa ntchito

Monga momwe akudziwira, pamene munthu akupempha ntchito kumalo osalowera ku mgwirizano wa ntchito, womaliza ayenera kudzazidwa ndi "Zolemba Zogwira Ntchito". Zikuwoneka kuti palibe mavuto. Komabe, makampani ambiri nthawi zambiri amayang'aniridwa ndi mayeso ambirimbiri, choncho palibe kuyesa kwapadera kwa ntchito . Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani? Pewani kubwereka aliyense payekha, mpaka pempho lapadera lisayankhidwe? N'zosatheka kuti iyi ndiyo njira yabwino.

Inde, kupitiliza kubwereza anthu osiyanasiyana kulibe phindu. Komabe, pali kamphindi kakang'ono. Choncho, musanayambe kufufuza mwapadera kuntchito, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti abwana aziikapo mu mgwirizano wa ntchito iliyonse chitsimikizo ndi malipiro owonongeke. Chitani zabwino pambuyo pake, pamene kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuwunika kudzatha. Zochita zoterezi ndizovomerezeka mwalamulo.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pofufuza momwe ntchito ikuyendera sayenera kuchedwa. Makhalidwe ogwira ntchito mu mgwirizano wa ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mwamsanga.