Choonadi chonse za vaccinations

Katemera wa ana ndi akulu - mutu ndi maganizo kwambiri ndi zovuta. wolalikira kuchititsa msonkhano wokopa yogwira, ndi otsutsa ndi kuopseza kuti ndikuuzeni, kodi choonadi yonyansa za vaccinations. A pansi pakati pa nkhaniyi kovuta kupeza, chifukwa izo zifika ku moyo thanzi ndi zina. N'chifukwa chake munthu aliyense ayenera bwinobwino nkhani imeneyi, tsimikizani pa izo ndi kusankha bwino okha.

Kodi katemera?

Choncho, kodi katemera, pamene ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani anthu? Cholinga chachikulu cha mwambo umenewu ndi kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana, iyo imayambira pa masiku oyamba a moyo wa munthu aliyense. Owona a katemera imakhala chakuti chinthu kuuzidwa mu thupi ndi attenuated majeremusi amene amayambitsa matenda zochepa, amalimbikitsa mapangidwe chitetezo ndi zinthu zimene matenda m'tsogolo. zinthu zodzitetezera ali anakonza (malinga ndi dongosolo) ndi nthawi kuwonjezeka mavuto angathe matenda (pa miliri).

Gawo katemera

Kubweretsa uthenga ku anthu za katemera, muyenera loyamba la onse kuonetsetsa kufalitsa nkhani zikuluzikulu. Choncho, choonadi chonena za katemera n'chakuti:

• Iwo ndi dongosolo losiyana ndi zikuchokera.
• Ikuchitika monga chitsanzo yeniyeni malinga ndi msinkhu ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.
• Imfayo zosokonezeka.

Tiyeni tikambirane mbali katemera mwatsatanetsatane. Choncho, jakisoni njira ndi gulu ena:

• Moyo. Muli moyo koma attenuated tizilombo. Mwachitsanzo, chikuku, poliyo.
• Inactivated. Akupanga kupha tizilombo tizilombo. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a chiwewe.
• Mankhwala. Muli tizilombo ankachitira ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, chimfine.
• Majini zomangamanga. Muli tizilombo toyambitsa matenda analandira kudzera yokumba. Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo matenda a chiwindi.
• Associates. Kuphatikiza katemera zosiyanasiyana.
• Toxoids. Poizoni monga tizilombo akusowa kawopsedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kafumbata.

Zoyerekeza katemera ndandanda

Katemera uyamba malo kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a moyo. Mndandanda wa njira zodzitetezera chikuperekedwa chilengedwe Katemera ndandanda. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zina, jakisoni zimagwiridwa pa ndandanda munthu:

• Tsiku loyamba atabadwa - chiwindi B (1 mlingo).
• Kuyambira masiku 3 mpaka 7 moyo - BCG (ndi chifuwa chachikulu).
• M'mwezi woyamba - 2 mlingo chiwindi B.
• mwezi wachiwiri - mlingo lachitatu la chiwindi B.
• M'mwezi wachitatu - DTP ndi poliyo (mofanana katemera zovuta ikuchitika pambuyo 1,5 ndi 3 miyezi kwa nthawi yoyamba jekeseni).
• M'mwezi - chiwindi B.
• Chaka - chikuku, chikuku, mumps.

chingachitike mbali

zoona za katemera ndi ana iwo kusamutsidwa zambiri mosavuta kuposa munthu wina wamkulu, koma zimenezo sizitanthauza kuti akatswiri chiyani mosamala khalidwe la zinthu zimenezi. Mu nkhani ya mavuto ndikofunikira kuti miyeso kuti magawowa chikhalidwe mwanayo. Zotsatira zoyipa angaoneke motere:

• General malaise.
• Kukula kwa matendawa, yemwe amapangidwa ndi jekeseni, mu ofatsa mawonekedwe zolimbitsa.
• A kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito zoteteza wa chitetezo cha m'thupi.
• Ziwengo.

Kodi kukhala zosokonezeka

zoona za katemera ndi mavuto awo ndi zina akhoza kukhala wachisoni kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pamene munthu ali mawonekedwe wofatsa ku matenda amadwala, imene katemera. M'tsogolo zinthu zambiri kumachitika motere:

• kudwala chitukuko.
• Zobisika matenda Inde.
• Nthawi ya mavuto (chifukwa cha kusowa bedi zina ndi mankhwala omwe sanali kugwilizana).
• Kukula kwa mavuto, mpaka chilema.

Komabe, zoona zokhazokha za katemera si nkhani zikuluzikulu, m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi zopezeka zofunika:

• Katemera okha kwathunthu odwala wathanzi. matenda alionse anasamutsa lili jekeseni kwa nthawi ya masabata 2 mpaka 4 malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matenda.
• Ngakhale kuti thupi la mwanayo akhale osavuta kunyamula katemera, mpata kuyankha zoipa kapena sizimadziwika ndi okwanira.
• Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto maonekedwe ndi chitukuko cha thupi lawo siligwirizana, ziwengo ndi isanafike upo dokotala (Dokotala) zifunika isanafike jekeseni.
• Sitiyenera kupanga katemera ambiri, onse ayenera kutsatira mfundo ya kulolera, jakisoni akutsatiridwa pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa katemera ndi fuluwenza, contraindications kuchititsa

chidwi mutu wina - choonadi cha mpirawo chimfine. Katemera wa matendawa wamba ikuchitika chaka chilichonse, ndipo nthawi iliyonse iye limodzi ndi mkangano waukulu kwambiri. Kambiranani zabwino ndi zoipa mbali za izo. Ndi katemera ubwino monga:

• Chitetezo zosokonezeka. Kupewa imfa, mphumu, media otitis, chibayo.
• Iwo kumathandiza zosayembekezereka wa matenda, ndi chifukwa, kumathandiza ndalama za chithandizo ndi mankhwala.
• No zigawo zoipa, Mercury ndi mndandanda wa mchere; kutetezera.
• A mtundu yabwino ya kumasuka. katemera kale ali syringe, ndi Choncho, n'zosatheka kusakaniza mpaka mlingo wake.

Kuperewera pa mpirawo chimfine ndi ndithu. Choyamba pakati pawo - chosowa ukutitsimikizira matendawa. Mfundo lonse kuti zikusintha masitampu fuluwenza nalowa mankhwala alibe zotsatira zozitetezera. Komanso, jekeseni ayenera idzachitika pa nthawi yoikika pamaso pa isanayambike mliri, koma mu nkhani iyi, thupi adzatha kukhala chitetezo zozitetezera. Kudziwa kuti chimfine kuwombera ali zambiri contraindications, ndi aiwala kulongosola madokotala ndi akatswiri, iwo wiritsani pansi ku pathologies zotsatirazi ndi makhalidwe a chamoyo:

• Ziwengo kuti mazira nkhuku (makamaka zakudya zomanga thupi).
• Ziwengo mankhwala ena siteji pachimake.
• Matenda kapena aakulu matenda mu gawo yogwira ndi nthawi kuchira patapita izi (osachepera 2 masabata).
• Previous zinawachitikira katemera zimenezi.

Tsareva filimu

Ubwino ndi kuopsa kwa katemera kwambiri kukambirana, ndi kutsutsana otentha adasonkhananso osati nzika wamba, komanso akatswiri pakati pawo Galina Tsareva. zoona za katemera kuchokera pakamwa pake chinakhazikitsidwa mu zopelekedwa opangidwa mu 2006. filimu angapezeke mwatsatanetsatane ndi mitundu otsatirawa a mderali:

• Pamaso pa zigawo zoipa katemera (Mercury, zotayidwa, etc.).
• zosokonezeka zotheka kwa katemera (zambiri mothandizidwa ndi mfundo).
• deta Statistical pa miyeso njira ngati zimenezi m'mayiko ena.
• Postvaktsinarny syndrome.
• Yafupika ntchito mthupi chifukwa chitetezo kunja alowererepo.
• Wachinsinsi mfundo zikalata zofunikira, nkhani ndi kawirikawiri amenable gulu.

Filimuyi ndi anapezeka akatswiri waudindo, kuphatikizapo MD gudumu.

Nkhani virologist Chervonskaya

Amathandiza kwambiri kuti maphunziro anthu za katemera anapanga virologist - Professor Galina Chervonskaya. zoona za vaccinations ndi mawu ake anathandiza makolo ambiri chifukwa tangoganizani wina pa kufunika kupewa kuvomerezedwa. The lofalitsidwa M'nkhani zambiri za mlingo wochepa wa makono Pediatrics sing'anga ndi njira kunyalanyaza kuti katemera. Mlembi ananena kuti kuthetsa matenda yekha jekeseni sizingatheke osiyanasiyana zochita zoteteza akhale onse kwambiri, koma akuyendera dziko lathu.

Taganizirani mfundo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri anapereka Chervonskaya. zoona za katemera kupanga zoweta kwakukulukulu zachokera zokhudza DTP. Katemera zikuchokera lili salt organic mankhwala enaake oopsa kapena formalin. Zoyambitsa aakulu awo sagwirizana anachita ndi formalin ndi wamphamvu mutagen. kukhalapo kwake mu thupi akapsa:

• Matenda rhinitis.
• Angioedema.
• Bronchial mphumu.
• Ming'alu mu khungu.
• Matenda a m'matumbo.

Komanso tisaiwale kuti katemera ndi TB (BCG) ikuchitika yekha mu dziko lathu, ndi kwina kulikonse mu dziko. wolemba limatitsimikizira kuti zotsatira za katemera wakulungama sangakhale litakhala, koma patatha zaka zingapo. Pakuti munthu mudziwe katemera zaka 15-20 kumachitika kuwononga chiwindi.

The zikuchokera katemera chiwindi B ndi ndithu pachiyambi. Mwachitsanzo, chida lotchedwa "Engerix" lili:

• yisiti Baker, ndipo osiyanasiyana, koma zosinthidwa chibadwa.
• Zotayidwa hydroxide. Iwo ali bwino contraindication - mwana.
• Tiomerosal. The mankhwala, Mercury mchere. Iwo ali ingafooketse wamanjenje dongosolo.

Kuti katemera apita kwa munthu wabwino, muyenera kuchititsa Kupenda immunological ndikupeza ngati akusowa m'thupi ndi matenda makamaka alipo.

Zothandiza buku kuchokera Aleksandra Kotok

Akulitse M'maso mwawo ndiponso kubwezeretsanso chuma cha kudziwa zofunika kuthandiza buku wolemba Alexander Kotok "Zigaŵenga Katemera. zoona za vaccinations. " Baibulo limafotokoza ndi mfundo za mphamvu yochepa ya katemera, zina, komanso kuwopsa kwake kuthekera kwa anthu. Mwatsoka, ambiri a anthu wamba si bwino mfundo zimenezi, ndipo motero sangathe kusankha zambiri, zokhazo pa mabodza zabwino yogwira.

Onishchenko maganizo pa katemera Russia

The revelatory filimu nyenyezi ndi dokotala wamkulu wa Russia Gennady Onishchenko. zoona za katemera ku milomo yake anadabwa ambiri. Malinga ndi mawu ake, akuluakulu a ku unduna wa zaumoyo anali ziphuphu kuti kusandutsa dziko lathu mu malo maphunziro kuti chiyesedwe cha mankhwala osadziwika katemera. Makamaka, owopsa ndi jekeseni wa khansa khomo lachiberekero amene chiyesedwe gawo. mavuto oopsa pambuyo ntchito yawo anafotokoza osabereka akazi.

Mwatsoka, aliyense akumvetsa choonadi ichi za vaccinations. Onishchenko, posachedwapa anakonza malo diametrical ndipo anali zikuchepa kuweruza anthu amene safuna amachita katemera. Malinga ndi iye, makolo amene ankatsutsa oyamba a jekeseni njira kwa ana, anachita upandu weniweni, ndi vutoli m'pofunika katemera ana popanda chilolezo.

Vuto vaccinations, kapena Zoona Zenizeni za Katemera

Kuti adzimvera, kodi ngozi yaikulu ali prophylactic makonzedwe microdoses toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kotero, wakhala ankati:

• Katemera mu dziko lathu imachitika zolinga komanso mogwira mtima wawo osati zatsimikiziridwa, ndipo zingathe kusokoneza thanzi.
• Katemera amathandiza kuchepetsa alionse (mwachitsanzo, mu America South ndi Philippines akazi wobereka zaka ndi katemera kafumbata, kutsogolera kenako osabereka).
• Katemerayu sichinayambe kuphunzira mawu a yaikulu chitetezo cha m'thupi lonse.
• chiwerengero cha mankhwala zili zikuluzikulu woopsawo zokhudza wamanjenje dongosolo, ndi Human Development.
• Katemera lingachititse satha kulankhula bwinobwino mu mwana (malinga ndi ziwerengero mu 40s kuti ana 10 000 immunized m'ma 2 anakumana anasonyeza vuto).
• Administration katemera ndi dala kuipitsidwa wa munthu, ndi zina ndi matenda kudwala amene akuyesa kupewa.
• Ana amene akhala pansi Katemera chizolowezi, kudwala nthawi 5 zambiri kuposa amene ankakana kupewa.
• Madokotala misonkhano yokopa jekeseni chifukwa choti akwaniritse dongosolo.

maganizo abwino

Ndithudi, palinso ganizo lotsutsa, kuti Pafunikanso kufukulidwa. choonadi chonse za katemera ku kumbali yawo, zikuwoneka mochuluka yowala. Choncho, Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza pa katemera wa:

• Chindiletsa matenda woopsawo ndi mavuto chifukwa cha iwo (mwachitsanzo, chikuku ndi zotsatira zake: chibayo, conjunctivitis, otitis, encephalitis).
• Musati imautsa chitukuko cha kuvutika m'maganizo (mwachitsanzo satha kulankhula bwinobwino). Malinga ndi WHO kufufuza zinadziwika izi sizinali anatsimikizira.
• Kukonzekera munali mankhwala enaake, si oopsa ngati mmene zilili panopo. Inatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwake mu jekeseni Kodi musalumphe mlingo kololeka ngakhale pa osachepera (3 kg) kulemera mtima. Nthawi zambiri limatchula chakuti mankhwala enaake mu madzi muli zambiri.
• Kukonzekera munali zigawo woopsawo, pamaso likunenera osachepera, chimene chikutanthauza kuti si oopsa thanzi.

m'malo akamaliza

Choonadi ndi nthano za katemera akhala osokonezeka, akuluakulu sakhulupirira thanzi lawo ndi madokotala a ana awo, ndipo alibe kudziwa yokwanira kuti titadziŵa ndi lolondola chisankho. Musawafulumizitse kusiya katemera, popeza kuti ali kanthu koma zoipa zoona, kutali kwa izo. Yesani kufufuza okha nkhani zonse zokhudza katemera wa, zikuchokera awo, malamulo a boma contraindications ndi zotsatira zotheka. Onetsetsani ipyole pa kafukufuku kuyambirira ndi kukaonana ndi akatswiri angapo pa kuthekera kwa jekeseni. Pa nthawi yomweyo kumbukirani, thanzi lanu nthawi zonse mu manja anu, ndi zosankha ntchito kokha mdera lanu udindo.