Decompression matenda (caisson matenda): Chithandizo, zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, kupewa

Monga amadziwika, kusiyana kuthamanga mumlengalenga zimakhudza thanzi la munthu. Izi makamaka kudziwa anthu amene amakonda kukwera mapiri kapena pansi pa madzi. Kuchepetsa chilengedwe mumlengalenga kuthamanga kwa nthawi yochepa zambiri si limodzi ndi chisokonezo kwambiri kwa thupi. Komabe, kukhudzana yaitali kuti 'atamasulidwa "mpweya ndi oopsa kwambiri. Anthu ena kukhala chikhalidwe ichi monga matenda decompression pa madontho mwadzidzidzi kuthamanga. Zovuta chikhalidwe anatsimikiza mtima ndi mmene kukhudzana anthu, mphamvu zoteteza za chamoyo, komanso kukhazikitsidwa yake dokotala miyeso. Ngakhale kuti decompression decompression matenda nthawi zambiri angathe kuchizidwa, pali milandu yambiri yokhudza imfa. Communication mumlengalenga kuthamanga ndi kudwala izi wakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga za m'ma 17, asayansi Boyle. Komabe, zodabwitsazi zachipatala anaphunzira mpaka tsopano.

Kodi decompression matenda?

The kudwala kugwirizana ndi zotsatira kuntchito zoipa m'thupi. Ngakhale kuti Boyle ndi limodzi la asayansi woyamba kukhazikitsa ubale kuthamanga dontho mumlengalenga ndi kusintha mu zimakhala wa zamoyo (mwana wa diso njoka), matenda decompression anadziwika kwa dziko mpaka patapita nthawi yaitali. Izi zinachitika kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa, pamene mapampu mpweya woyamba ndi caissons anali anatulukira. Ngakhale kudwala anayamba kutanthauza ngozi akatswiri. Anthu ntchito mu zinthu za wothinikizidwa mpweya pofuna kulimbikitsa njira yotulukira pansi pa madzi, poyamba sanali zindikirani kusintha kulikonse. boma ambiri kuwonongeka anaonekera pa nthawi imene kuthamanga mumlengalenga yafupika mfundo yachibadwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi kudwala ndi dzina chachiwiri - matenda caisson. Kuzama ndi chigawo chachikulu cha chikhalidwe ichi, chifukwa ndi zachilendo apo taonera chamoyo wathu kuthamanga. N'chimodzimodzinso kumwamba. Popeza kuti zizindikiro pathological chikhalidwe kuonekera pa dontho kuthamanga (kwa mkulu mtengo wotsika), matenda si zovuta kwa katswiri wodziwa.

Amene anakhudzidwa ndi matenda decompression?

matenda Caisson zimachokeradi mwadzidzidzi ndipo popanda chifukwa. Pali gulu la chiopsezo - kutanthauza anthu ongoyendayenda matenda. Ntchito za anthu awa ayenera kukhala mwachindunji ndi kusintha mumlengalenga kuthamanga. Poyamba, matenda anali poyera kuti antchito ndi caisson mapiri. Masiku ano, gulu chiopsezo kwambiri kuchuluka - komanso nayamba kunyamula chombo, ndege ndi osiyana. Ngakhale kuti deta malonda ndi yoopsa, decompression matenda si ponseponse. Zingamvekere okhawo amene amanyalanyaza tipewe ngozi kapena mfundo zoopsa. Ena mwa iwo ndi zotsatirazi zotsatira zotenga:

1. Liwiro la magazi m'thupi. Izi zimachitika pamene madzi m'thupi komanso kukhudzana. The liwiro la magazi anaona pa ukalamba ndi matenda a mtima.
2. Magazi mapangidwe mabacteria ndi kuthamanga yafupika. zodabwitsazi limodzi ndi maonekedwe a thovu yaing'ono mpweya. Zifukwa kuchititsa chikhalidwe ichi ndi kumwetsa zolimbitsa thupi pamaso pamadzi mu madzi kapena kuukitsa msinkhu.
3. Kuchuluka thupi. Ichi ndi chinthu china achititsa kuti pakhale magazi thovu mpweya.
4. Kulandira mowa pamaso pa madzi kapena pakhale kumwamba. Mowa amalimbikitsa maphatikizidwe thovu yaing'ono mpweya, potero kuwonjezeka kukula.

Okwera decompression matenda: limagwirira chitukuko

Monga amadziwika kwa malamulo a sayansi, kuthamanga mumlengalenga anakopa solubility mpweya mu zakumwa. Lamulo anakonza wasayansi Henry. Malinga ndi kunena wake, ndi apamwamba a kuthamanga yozungulira, ndi bwino mpweya amasungunula mu madzi. Popeza lamulo limeneli, n'zotheka kunena kuti, ngati osauka decompression matenda mu anthu amene ali m'dera lokwera. Mu kukhala yaitali mu zone ya mumlengalenga kuthamanga thupi oyendetsa ndi chombo mapiri anazolowera chilengedwe. Choncho, mbadwa m'mlengalenga bwino kwa ife amawapatsa ndi kuwonongeka lakuthwa. Chifukwa dontho kuthamanga mpweya magazi anayamba kupasuka poipa, kusonkhanitsa mu thovu mpweya. Zolusa decompression decompression matenda kwa oyendetsa ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Anapanga mpweya thovu mu magazi akhoza ziwonjezeke kukula ndi kutchinga chotengeracho, potero kupangitsa minofu necrosis pamalowa. Komanso, iwo amakhala adutsa thupi ndi kulowa mitsempha kwambiri ndipo mitsempha (oziziritsa, inatsekeratu, m'mapapo mwanga). thovu awa zinthu monga emboli, kapena magazi aumirira zomwe zingachititse osati kuswa a boma, komanso amapha.

Chitukuko cha matenda decompression kosiyanasiyana

Decompression matenda a mitundu ali limagwirira chomwecho chitukuko. Chifukwa chakuti pa lalikulu kuya kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi apamwamba kuposa padziko ndi kuchepa lakuthwa mu mpweya magazi ake ayamba kupasuka zoipa. Komabe, kugwilizana ndi chitetezo ndi pakalibe mfundo zoopsa zimene zikhoza kupewedwa. Diver matenda decompression sanali kudwala, zinthu izi ndi zofunika:

1. Ntchito ndi yamphamvu mpweya, limene lili ndi chofunika mpweya osakaniza, kuchepetsa psinjika pa mozama.
2. Kukwera pang'onopang'ono padziko lapansi. Pali njira yapadera, kuphunzitsa osiyanasiyana nsomba bwino pansi. Ndi kuwuka mwapang'onopang'ono anachepetsa asafe mlingo mu magazi, potero thovu sumangoyambika.
3. Kukwera mu bathyscaphe wa - wapadera womata kapisozi. Timatha inu kuteteza lakuthwa kuthamanga dontho.
4. Desaturation m'zipinda wapadera decompression. Chifukwa kuchotsa asafe pa kuwuka thupi sayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa solubility mpweya magazi.

Mitundu ya matenda decompression

Pali 2 mitundu ya matenda decompression. Iwo kusiyana ndi njira yomwe ziwiya ndi mpweya thovu. Choncho, aliyense wa iwo amakhala ndi ulaliki wake wa kuchipatala. Pamene anaŵerama 1 mtundu mpweya amasonkhana capillaries yaing'ono, mitsempha ndi mitsempha kuti kupereka magazi khungu, minofu ndi mafupa. Komanso, mpweya thovu akhoza kudziunjikira ziwiya lymphatic.

M'madzi ndi okwera decompression matenda mtundu 2 Ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Pamene iyo inagunda ziwiya mpweya emboli wa mtima, mapapo, ubongo ndi msana. Matupi amenewa ali ofunika Choncho, kuphwanya iwo ndi khalidwe lalikulu.

chithunzi matenda

Chithunzi matenda a matenda zimatengera mtundu wa chiwiya chimene akuchita chidwi ndi thovu mpweya. zizindikiro monga kuyabwa, kukanda, kupweteka minofu ndi mafupa, zoipa pamene kutembenukira thupi, kuyenda, zimaonetsa mtundu 1 decompression matenda. Choncho zikuoneka wopepuka decompression matenda. Zizindikiro khalidwe la Mtundu 2 ndi aakulu kwambiri. Ngati zingamvekere zotengera za ubongo kungakhale zotsatirazi mawonetseredwe matenda: imfa ya m'munda zithunzi, kuchepa ukulu wake, chizungulire, anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri zinthu mu maso, kulira m'khutu. Inatsekeratu embolism akuwonetseredwa angina ndi kupuma movutikira. Ngati zingamvekere ziwiya m'mapapo mwanga ndi thovu yaing'ono mpweya anati kukhosomola, kutsamwa, kupuma movutikira. Zizindikiro zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti ndi digiri avareji matenda decompression. Zikavuta kwambiri, pali matenda kwambiri magazi amene akhoza chakupha.

Popereka anaŵerama ndi

Kusiyanitsa ofatsa, odziletsa ndi woopsa mlingo wa matenda decompression. Mbali yoyamba, kuwonongeka pang'ono ndi reversibly mu nthawi yochepa. Wofatsa yodziwika ndi kufooka, minofu molumikizana mafupa amenewa amapezeka nthawi, pruritus ndi totupa pa thupi. Childs, zochitika izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono nokha. Pa kusalekerera zolimbitsa pali kuyan'anila kwambiri. Kupweteka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa ndi minofu zonse ndipo kwambiri, akulowa kufupika kwa mpweya, chifuwa, zomverera zosasangalatsa mu mtima, zizindikiro ubongo. fomu iyi amafuna chithandizo mwamsanga. Aakulu caisson matenda uoneke kwambiri m'mapapo kuvutika maganizo, matenda a njira ya mkodzo, ziwalo ndi paresis, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction ndi zina zotero. D. Kuti sitiroko amapha kungachititse ziwiya lalikulu la ubongo, ndipo embolism m'mapapo mwanga.

Kupeza Vuto decompression matenda

Kupeza Vuto decompression matenda si akutukwana, kuyambira kudwala akufotokozera maola oyambirira chitunda ku akuya kapena ankafika. Chithunzi matenda limakupatsani bwino ganizilani munthu aliri nthawi zambiri. Ngati mukukayikira imfa ziwiya sing'anga ambiri zifunika njira malangizo a zoona. Makamaka zofunika angiography inatsekeratu, Kujambula ubongo, ultrasound kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha wa malekezero.

diagnostics X-ray mu anaŵerama ndi

Pamene decompression matenda zolimbitsa kuti chaukali zambiri zimakhudza mafupa ndi mafupa. Nthawi zina, chingwe msana ndipo nawo mbali. X-ray njira ya kufufuza amalola matenda olondola a matenda decompression. Pali zotsatirazi zosintha osteoarticular dongosolo: magawo anakweza kapena calcification ossification, kusintha mawonekedwe a vertebrae ndi (kuwonjezera matupi ndi kuchepetsa kutalika) - brevispondilii. Ngati abulusa izi sizisintha. Ngati ndondomeko pathological nawo ndi chingwe msana, n'zotheka kudziwa izo calcifications tooneka ngati chipolopolo kapena mtambo.

Chithandizo cha matenda decompression

Kumbukirani kuti ndi thandizo yake matenda decompression angathe kuchiritsidwa 80% ya milandu. Pakuti ichi wapadera zipinda hyperbaric ntchito, yomwe ikuchitika pansi kuthamanga kotunga mpweya. Chifukwa iwo thupi poyera recompression ndi asafe particles ndi kuchotsedwa magazi. Kuthamanga m'chipinda yafupika pang'onopang'ono kuti mtima wakhala ndinazolowera zikhalidwe latsopano. Pamene zinthu mwadzidzidzi zofunika kuchita mouzirira kuwatsitsimula, kuyamba otaya mpweya "choyera" ntchito chigoba.

Matenda decompression

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda decompression, muyenera kutsatira malangizo chitetezo kuzama ndi m'mwamba. Pa akutsikira kunja kwa madzi kuti imayima kuti thupi atengere akuti ka kuthamanga mumlengalenga. M'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera - suti kusambira komanso akasinja oxygen.