Delphic masomphenya ndi nthaka: sayansi, natsimikiza nthano

M'tauni ya Delphi ku Greece - pakati alendo tsopano, koma zaka zikwi ziwiri mwaupeza si alendo, koma amwendamnjira ambiri. Iwo anafikira ku zombo, ndi kukwera ku mapiri, pamene pakati pa zopatulika maolivi anayima malo opatulika wodzipereka kwa mulungu dzuwa Apollo. Malinga ndi nthano, mu malo awa mwana wa Zeu anapha chinjoka Python, amene anali kulondera mphanga, akupatsa anthu mphatso ya uneneri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, yapadera wansembe - chikutchedwa chinjoka Pifiyami - analosera za tsogolo la anthu awo ndiponso kuyankha mafunso okhudza zam'tsogolo. malo amenewa ku Greece panali ambiri, koma ankaopedwa kwambiri chinali kachisi wa Apollo pa Delphi.

Iwo yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa phiri la Parnassus. Popeza malo adzalemekezedwa kuchokera lachitatu Zakachikwi BC m'ma 4 AD, pali maumboni ambiri ndi zinthu zovuta oracular kuti ulosi. olemba mabuku onse kuti kachisi wa Apollo anaima pa thanthwe, pamene likutuluka mpweya mobisa. Ansembe analandira atsikana okha amene anali ndi mphatso ya uneneri. Pamene iwo anachita ntchito zawo Pythia, ndiye unachitikira zowinda wodzisunga, ndi pamenepo pokha, kusiya utumiki, okwatira.

Alendo kubweretsa mphatso ku kachisi anafunsa funso, amene analembedwa pa cholembapo phula. Anapeza wambiri lalikulu ndi za thupi zosiyana, iwo amanena kuti aulendo anali ndi chidwi ndi vuto lomwelo: ngati mkazi kusintha, kaya kudalira munthu wina komanso ngati phindu lakuti uyu kapena malonda amene sangabweretse. Oracle kale kusamba pansi mu adyton - m'chipinda chapansi pa tsinde la kachisi - ndipo mudzakhala pa miyendo itatu ndi. Iwo Kukoka ndi kuchucha ku trans. zolankhula wosakhazikika analankhula Delphic masomphenya - wansembe wapadera anaganiza mu zachilendo pamveka kugunda masomphenya wansembe wa milungu.

Koma zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, kupitirirabe pa malo ku XIX m'ma., Kodi kupeza ming'alu aliyense pansi kachisi. Asayansi Adolf Oppe ndi Pierre Amandri mu mapepala awo ananena kuti Pythia, ulosi ndi masomphenya a Delphi - zosaposa lalikulu, mpaka angapo zaka chisokonezo, zomwe zinachititsa ansembe m'kachisi anapindula amwendamnjira wosachimwa. Komabe, mu nkhani za kachisi wa Apollo pa Delphi panali vuto kawirikawiri pamene sayansi yamakono osati adakana, koma anatsimikizira nthano za zozizwitsa zimene zinachitika mu kachisi.

Mu 1980s, ndi amaphunzira formations kuphulika inkachitikira, zikuchitika pa malowa. Anapeza kuti zolakwa chimene chingalowe adzauka ndi mankhwala a ntchito magmatic, akuthamanga kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, molunjika kumene Pythia anakhala ndi kumene kuyankha mafunso Delphic masomphenya. adyton chipinda anali mamita 2-3 kupita pansi, ngati tinalengedwa kuti akakole ndi kugwira mpweya ikuchokera mphako ya. Koma kodi chinali chinthu chaukali wansembe mayina mu chizimbwizimbwi?

Plutarch limanena kuti "pneuma" imene anapumira Pythia, anali ndi fungo. Ngakhale mu zaka 20 za zaka mazana makumi awiri Himik Izabella therere anapeza kuti 20% njira ya ethylene kumabweretsa aiwale anthu, ndi chofooka mlingo amachititsa chizimbwizimbwi. Ofukula Higgins mu 1996 adafotokoza kuti mawu a milungu, amene anatumikila mu Pythia ndipo ankalengeza masomphenya Delphic, anauziridwa ndi awiriawiri ethylene wothira mpweya. Izi mapeto asayansi anakankhira kuphunzira kachisi wina wa Apollo pa Gierayolise (Malaya Aziya), kumene osakaniza akadali achoka zigawo pansi pamwamba. Mu Delphi, zivomezi zikuluzikulu, mphanga ndi chatsekedwa ndi "kasupe wa vumbulutso" wauma.