Diego Velaskes (Diego Rodriguez de A Silva Velazquez): zilandiridwenso ndi mbiri (chithunzi)

Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri Spanish kupenta nyumba ya "golide" atumwi ndi realist Diego Velaskes. ntchito yake inali zimasiyana kwambiri ndi anthu ena ndi nzeru mu chikhalidwe cha chitsanzo, kukoma wokhathamira ndi wosakhwima, zinawathandiza kudziwa zosagwirizana. Iye ndiye maziko a luso Loona za chithunzi m'maganizo. The biographers amanena kuti Diego mosavuta amathandiza kwambiri sayansi. Anayamba kusonkhanitsa laibulale, monga ana aang'ono kuwerenga. Ndicho Izi zikusonyeza chidwi kuphunzira zambiri sayansi Velasquez, koma okopa kwambiri koma ndi kupenta iye.

ubwana

Mu mzinda wa Seville mu osauka koma wolemekezeka banja la zachikhristu Ayuda chimodzi mu June 1599 adabadwa Velaskes Diego De Silva. Iye anali wamkulu wa ana asanu ndi atatu m'banja. Malinga ndi otchuka mwambo Andalusian Diego ndi m'bale wake (komanso wojambula) anatenga dzina mayi ake. Tsoka tsogolo la mnyamata makamaka anatsimikiza chifukwa chakuti bambo ake anali nzika ya Portugal. Poyamba, Diego, komanso ana ena aamuna, ananditumiza kunyumba sukulu Latin.

Koma ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi mwana kale linkatchulidwa luso zojambula, bambo ake anamupatsa kuphunzira mu msonkhano wa otchuka pa nthawi Spain HERRERA wojambula. Ndipotu osankhidwa ntchito kuti pakhale vuto la apamwamba m'derali, ntchito ya wojambula ankaona osayenera zinazake zabwino kwambiri. Chikhalidwe cha mphunzitsi chosaneneka, chifukwa cha ichi Velasquez anaphunzira kwa kanthawi mfiti, ndipo patapita chaka mnyamatayo ntchito mu msonkhano wa Francisco Pacheco, mphunzitsi wodabwitsa, ndimkonda kalekale.

M'nyumba ya Pacheco

Diego Velaskes anakhalabe mu msonkhano Pacheco pamaso kulandira mutu wa mbuye wa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ndi chifukwa cha malangizo a mphunzitsi wake, iye akufotokozera luso molondola kubereka chikhalidwe. Apa ntchito Diego Velaskesa anapereka chithunzi otsatirawa: "kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA", "kadzutsa", "Mgonero pa Emau", "The wophika akale", "madzi chonyamulira", "molemekeza Amagi", "Khristu mu Nyumba ya Marita ndi Mariya", "Oimba Nyimbo".

Nditamaliza maphunziro awathandize bwinobwino, amene amakopeka ndi ukoma, chiyero, nzeru, ndi makhalidwe ena abwino a ophunzira ake, anam'patsa kukwatira mwana wake yekhayo, sikisitini Juan Miranda. M'zaka zitatu za ukwati, achinyamatawo anali ndi ana aakazi awiri. Pa zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, Diego Velaskes anatsegula situdiyo wake. Ntchito oyambirira chidwi chithunzicho chimaonekera mwa oimira anthu wamba. Iye amasonyeza kuti amanyadira Andalusian madona amuna imvi zakubadwa, anyamata oseketsa ndi achinyamata Spanish. Pamodzi ndi ena ndiAmene Spanish Diego amatanthauza nkhani m'Baibulo, mbwenye nkhabe zatenga malo chachikulu mu moyo wa mlembi. Monga ulamuliro, zithunzi izi alibe mtundu lachinsinsi, ndipo amafanana, kani, zithunzi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kusamukira ku Madrid

M'malo chilichonse pa bwalo anamuperekeza wa bambo ake, achinyamata (usinkhu wa zaka sikisitini) Philippe chachinayi wolamulira aphunzira kuti tikukhala Seville luso Spanish zojambulajambula Velasquez, amene anali yomweyo yachifumu.

Nditakwanitsa zaka 24, pamodzi ndi bambo Diego akadzafika mu Madrid. woyang'anira wake anakhala nduna yaikulu Olivares. "Chithunzi cha Mfumu Philip IV» utoto chithunzicho ndi wopambana kwambiri, kenako anali kupereka mutu wa khoti zojambulajambula. Koma, mwatsoka, ntchito imeneyi si watsikira kwa nthawi yathu.

chithunzi ntchito

Tsopano, Diego Velaskes, amene yonena amakhala mitundu kwambiri wowala, salinso amadalira ntchito wosamvetseka. Iye limodzi la nyumba yachifumu mapiko anaika boma, ndipo mu dela la mzinda, mu chinyumba, iwo ali ndi msonkhano waukulu ndi wotakasuka. Iye anali ndi makiyi a khamu ndi mfumu yekha, tsiku lililonse ankakonda kusunga ntchito za Mlengi. The drawback yekha wa mtundu uwu chinali kuletsa nkhani zojambula kuti anachita Velaskes Diego. Chithunzicho kwa zaka zambiri anakhala mtundu wanyimbo chachikulu. mfumu yekha ndi ana ake analembedwa mobwerezabwereza ntchito chithunzicho. Makamaka nthawi zambiri chimaimira Infanta Margarita, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu. Kuti anapulumuka zithunzi, akalipo pa nkhope ya kusintha ngati kukula ndi kusasitsa.

Diego Velasquez unayamba bwino loti, chizindikiro cha kukoma zoipa kupanda chithunzi cha ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri zithunzi za ogwira ndi andale, komanso zomera oimira otchuka chikhalidwe Spanish.

"The athamangitsidwe wa Morisco"

Koma osati kulambira chilengedwe anachititsa Diego, kaduka ndi amisiri wotchuka kwambiri kwachititsa mkangano chifukwa chakuti mlengi wachinyamata suona ndi miyambo maphunziro. Chifukwa, pa kuumirira a "comrades mkulu" iyo inali mpikisano, zimene wolemba 28 wazaka analemba mbiri yakale chachikulu chithunzi "Kuchotsedwa kwa Asilamu otchedwa a Moor." Iwo ali odzipereka kwa anamuponya kunja kwa dziko la alendo zonse zinachokera Arab, gawo lalikulu zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri ya dzikoli.

Kukondwera wachititsa ntchito zidachitidwa ndi Diego Velaskes. Pictures, kufotokoza zomwe zinagwirizana kuti kopita boma, atapachikidwa m'bwalo lina la nyumba yachifumu, wodzazidwa ndi lakuthwa, wodzala ndi mawu, mwaluso. Patapita milungu ingapo anauzidwa kuti asamukire ku malo kumene kunali zithunzi za ankakonda mfumu - Nyumba ya Akalirole.

Koma wolemba adalandira mkulu anakongola Chamberlain, woyang'anira malo yachifumu ya chitseko. Kaduka choipa mu ndekuti njira makhalidwe anthu a Velazquez. Iye anapitiriza ufulu mkati ku zokhumba za Spanish otchuka. cithunzithunzi ici cimbacemeridwa, mwatsoka, wanena sanapulumuke masiku ano.

nkhani wakale

Velaskes Diego, amene zojambula ndi zachilendo kwa miyambo ya m'deralo, kwa zaka makumi finalizing mwaluso ngati pa nkhani zakale "oledzera," kapena "Bakasi". pachithunzipa chikusonyezera mwambo wa chinamwali mu ubale wa Mulungu. Apa pali kale ndi kusankha molimba mtima mitundu ndi makhalidwe moyenera oimira underclass ya anthu pa nthawi imeneyo. Onse luso anaphedwa, ngati zisudzo ano ndi mabuku akuonetsedwa kusasamala, kuwawa ndi osangalatsa. Koma ambiri, chithunzicho amalemekeza ndichiyembekezo sichisinthasinthanso wa anthu ake.

Nkhani wakale analola kuti aswe ndi tsopano miyambo zithunzi mkati mtundu wanyimbo. Chifukwa kanthu pa chikhalidwe cha kuyatsa amakhala see ndi watanthauzo mitundu. Komabe osiyanitsa yolimba kwambiri ya kuwala ndi mthunzi, kotero Pachithunzipa ndi woposa onse aang'ono, chifukwa njira imeneyi ndi zatsopano wolemba. A katswiri kokwanira kwambiri Mlengi kupeza mtsogolo.

Ulendo wa ku Italy. Diego Velaskes: "The Forge wa Vulcan"

Maonekedwe a mfumu ndipo mwina malangizo a Rubens, pamodzi ndi mkulu odziwika Ambrosio Spinola Velasquez Pa chilumba pafupi, kumene makope zojambula ndi murals aluso wotchuka, yodziwa chosema wakale ndi ntchito ya m'nthawi yake. ulendo umenewu wakhala kukodzedwa M'maso Diego ndipo anathandiza kusintha luso. Mu nthawi imeneyi kuberekana ntchito Diego Velaskes. "The Forge wa Vulcan" linalembedwa ndi iye likulu la Italy. Kutanthauzira kwa nkhani m'nthano pano ndi pachiyambi kwambiri. Wolemba akuonetsedwa nthawi kulandira Vulcan (mulungu wa moto) kuchokera Apollo uthenga mlandu woukira boma mkazi (Venus).

Ntchito imeneyi palibe kwathunthu earthiness, koma mlengi wa Izitu n'zovutitsa apa ndi bwino noticeable. Ngakhale nyali Apollo ndi chifaniziro chake ndi prosaic ndithu. Vulcan ndi kudzathandiza wake anaperekanso anthu musati amasiyana kukongola Mulungu.

dziko lino wapereka zambiri Velasquez zithunzi zake zidakhala zovuta kuzimvetsa kwambiri ndi okhwima, atapita mithunzi mdima ndi mizere lakuthwa, izo zakhala zofunika kwambiri malo maziko.

"Kudzipereka Breda"

Mu ulemerero wake onse mwa chithunzicho anapereka luso lake zojambula nkhondo limodzi - 'Kudzipereka Breda ". Izi zikusonyeza kugwa mwambo wa linga Dutch wa Breda, anazinga ndi Spain. mkulu wake Yustin Nassausky anaperekedwa mafungulo ku Spanish mkulu Spinola.

Pamodzi iwo amasonyeza pakati pa chinsalu cha. Wopindidwa kulemera kugonjetsedwa Mulanje iri yofulumira kwa wopambana ndi kiyi dzanja. Komano zakuda zida tikulephera Spain ndi mikondo wochepa kulenga mphamvu ya ukulu ndi mphamvu ya chiwerengero cha kumuwombera Spanish.

Zachilendo luso zothetsera, komanso zoti Yesu fanizo la zochitika m'mbiri ya pachithunzipa linali vumbulutso kwa nthawi.

Koma zithunzi ndi mtundu wanyimbo kutsogolera ntchito za Velazquez. Achita zambiri osiyanasiyana mu kapangidwe ndi njira zithunzi. Zonsezi pamodzi ndi ufulu wokongola ndipo imachita chidaliro mu kutanthauzira kwa mitunda. Kwa zaka zambiri, mndandanda wa zithunzi za buffoons ndi atumiki analengedwa ndi mfiti lapansi. Ndi nthawi iyi chithunzi choona utoto pa kusaka amaletsa nkhani "Venus ndi Cupid" ndi osowa kupenta Spanish yosonyeza maliseche wamkazi thupi.

zojambula achipembedzo. Pitani ku Rome

Spanish mfumu kupita kunyumba ya San Diego analamula Placido chithunzi. ntchito imeneyi imatchedwa "kupachikidwa kwa Khristu" anabweretsa wolemba bwino kumene ndi kapangidwe kake n'zodabwitsa losavuta. Image wa Khristu ulibe maziko malo, monga wolemba kusonyeza mavuto osachepera pa nkhope yake. Anapangira angwiro, ngakhale, ndi osiyana ndi malamulo akulu. Painting amalenga chikhalidwe cha mawunikidwe kwambiri ndi chete mtheradi.

Pamodzi ndi wojambula uyu anajambula zithunzi ndi zina zili zofanana. Velaskes Diego, amene zojambula ndalemekeza kachiwiri anapita ku Italy. Ntchito analenga pano, anabweretsa Mlengi ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Chitsanzo chidwi za "Chithunzi cha Papa Innocent X», zomwe ndi zofunika makamaka chifukwa cha luso zodabwitsa kupenta, kuwerenga maganizo kwambiri ndi makhalidwe sharpness.

Pontifi akufotokozedwa atakhala pa mpando mu ntchito ya kusagwirizana chimapangitsa angabweretse. Chimaonekera chidutswa ndipo amaupereka liveliness wa mtundu wamphamvu wofiira, makamaka kwambiri kuwala otentha. Popanda kufuna kuti sule yonyansa nkhope ya Papa, wolemba ankafotokozedwa akhama ndi zovuta tione wake, mtima ndi kupirira. Pamaso pa omvetsera zikuoneka munthu wauzimu, koma wolamulira yakale - wanzeru, amphamvu, wochenjera, amwano ndiponso wankhanza.

Ngakhale mphoto zokapatsa chithunzi ndi, Innocent napeza zoona, aponso, koma chifukwa cha makalata a Philip, mantha kutaya wojambula Diego Velaskes (lalifupi yonena zomwe si kuphonya mwambo wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake) kwawo. Pamenepo mfumu zikutipatsa kwa malo apamwamba mu chikhalidwe - kulamulira, kenako wojambula afika ufulu wonse.

"Las Meninas"

Nthawi imeneyi, wolemba waukulu chithunzi amaonedwa zikuluzikulu zikuchokera "bodza Arachne" ndi "Las Meninas."

Diego zolengedwa kwambiri akuganiza kupenta "Las Meninas." mawu Izi zikusonyeza kuti mkazi, ndiwe wa m'banja lolemera, yemwe anali mdzakazi wa ulemu wa Spanish Infanta. The zikuchokera mankhwala ndi zachilendo kwambiri.

chithunzicho ikuimira zipinda za Royal Palace - lalikulu ndi zakuda. Mu gawo lamanzere pa machira ayenera pafupi ndi chinsalu chachikulu ndi anafotokozera banja Mfumu. chinyezimiro ake wowerenga angathe kuona pa galasi aikidwa kumbuyo Mlengi. Pakati pa chipinda atazunguliridwa ndi atumiki awiri Menin ofunika Margarita, wokongola pang'ono Infanta. Pambuyo pawo ndi kanjedza njonda ndi dona mwa bwalo, ndi khomo lotseguka chapansipansi - Grand polimbana mfumukazi.

ojambula zithunzi European Velazquez woyamba kusonyeza moyo mbuyo nyumba yachifumu. Little Infante ndi mdzakazi wa ulemu amasonyeza ndi expressiveness kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo, monga anazolowera, atagwada pamaso Margarita, anam'patsa kapu ya madzi. Zoposa zikuoneka chikusuntha amakankhira galu wamkulu ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono mafuta daze ndi chisanu.

kovuta kuti chimatanthauza mtundu wanyimbo, zimene zimalongosola Diego Velaskesa 'Las Meninas. " Apa logwirizana ndi mfundo za zithunzi gulu ndi zithunzi mtundu wanyimbo. Author mwaluso zoperekedwa kosaoneka danga lona, kudzaza ndi kuwala ndi mpweya zenera otsegula.

"The Bodza la Arachne"

Pachimake cha luso lolenga la chithunzicho ndi mankhwala a "Spinner" odzipereka ntchito kwa anthu Spanish. kupenta Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya kupenta Western analankhula za munthu wamba, ntchito yake.

Mu zikuchokera chithunzi wapangidwa ndi awiri palokha powonekera. Mu polumrachnoy kuluka msonkhano mu Pachithunzipa limasonyeza spinners, amene ali otanganidwa ndi ntchito zawo. Pakati pansi amasankha ubweya skeins wamng'ono ntchito, akuponya kwa bondo limodzi pa nthawi yomweyo. Kumanja ndi spinner wina, ndi chilonda mu mfundo zolimba zopangidwa ubweya ulusi. Wolemba mayina ikuluikulu kwambiri ndipo akuoneka enieni, ndi chidaliro ndi cholondola kuyenda izo transmits mwa zithunzi za manja lalikulu ndi manja utakunkhunizidwa ndi kumbuyo waukulu. Ntchito ya spinner izi Woyang'ana mkazi winayo. A lamanzere pa likuoneka matabwa mu mosasamala kuponyedwa pa mutu mpango atakhala wotopa nsalu ndi kuyankhula ndi wachiwiri wake. Mapazi ake adachitira ndi mphaka. Chapansipansi, kuseri kwa nsalu yotchinga wofiira katundu anacoka, akhoza kuiona zopeta, zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Powonekera akuonetsedwa unvarnished wamba koma zofunika mphamvu izo amapereka kupota gudumu la makina ndi zokongola.

Chapansipansi azimayi awiri mwa bwalo, kupenda atapachikidwa pa pamphasa khoma, kuwala ndi wangwiro mitundu omwe akutipatsa gawo ili la chipinda kumverera maganizo wamkulu ndi lowoneka. Pa amapereka yomalizidwa akuonetsedwa Diego mwambo wa Arachne komaliza, koma kusintha kwa msungwana mu kangaude zoopsa ndi kupambana kwa zosafanana wamkazi wa zojambulajambula, limene ndi zophiphiritsa limodzi ndi zochitika za ndale. Choncho, mlengi anasonyeza ulemu wa Spanish mafumu, zosavuta kuti akanikizire pansi pake anthu osati kokha, komanso m'dera lililonse.

Izi chithunzi - osati apogee wa zilandiridwenso Velazquez ndi ntchito yake yaikulu otsiriza, komanso komveredwa chisoni ndikumvetsetsedwa zakuya za chilungamo onse a dongosolo la dziko.

Ndi nthawi iyi ntchito bwalo Velazquez ukufika mfundo zake apamwamba - anali kupereka Mtanda wa Santiago, dongosolo lofunika kwambiri la Spain. Zimenezi wakhala chitsanzo monga Knight Mtsogoleri wa wakale kwambiri European malamulo a chivalry anayamba wojambula.

Koma pa nthawi iyi mlengi anali kale kudwala malungo, amene ankadwala pa ukwati wa French Mfumu ndi kalonga Spanish pachilumba cha nkhukutembo. Nditabwerera ku Madrid, Diego Rodriguez de A Silva Velaskes anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ndi imfa yake, heyday wa kupenta Spanish uko.