Dielectric - ndichiyani? katundu dielectric

Dielectric - zakuthupi kapena thunthu zomwe zayamba sikuti kudali magetsi panopa. madutsidwe amenewa analandira chifukwa ochepa ma elekitironi ndi ayoni. particles awa anapanga mfundo sanali kuchititsa kokha pamene katundu mkulu-kutentha. Mfundo kuti zimenezi insulator ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

mafotokozedwe

Aliyense pakompyuta kapena Radiotechnical wochititsa, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kapena insulator mlandu umadutsa ndi panopa magetsi, koma dielectric Mbali kuti ngakhale pa voteji mkulu pa 550 V adzakhala kutayikira pang'ono panopa. Magetsi inawadutsa mu insulator - izo ndi chisonyezo cha particles mlandu njira ina (zingakhale zabwino kapena zoipa).

mitundu ya mafunde

Pa mtima wa dielectric madutsidwe ndi:

• Mayamwidwe apano - panopa amene ukuyenda mwa dielectric pa yatsopano nthawi zonse mpaka ndiye, mpaka akafika zimachitika mgwirizano, kusintha malangizo ndi pamene ntchito yobweretsa voteji kuti izo ndi pamene disconnecting. Pamene alternating mwamphamvu ziliri pa dielectric adzakhala pano mu nthawi zonse, komabe m'munda magetsi.
• Pakompyuta madutsidwe - kusuntha ma elekitironi mchikakamizo cha m'munda.
• Amaayoni madutsidwe - akuimira kayendedwe ka ayoni. Iwo ankakhala mu njira electrolyte - salt, zidulo, sopo, komanso dielectrics ambiri.
• Molionnaya madutsidwe - kayendedwe ka particles mlandu otchedwa molionami. Ili mu kachitidwe colloidal, emulsions ndipo suspensions. Molionov chodabwitsa zoyenda m'munda magetsi amatchedwa electrophoresis.

zipangizo chimateteza anawagawira ndi boma la loitanirana ndi chikhalidwe mankhwala. Woyamba ogaŵikana olimba, madzi, gaseous ndi kuumitsa. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe mankhwala anawagawa organics, inorganics ndi zipangizo organometallic.

Madutsidwe dielectrics limanena za loitanirana:

• Madutsidwe mpweya. Mu mankhwala gaseous mokwanira yaing'ono panopa conduction. Iwo angayambe pamaso pa ufulu particles mlandu, kumene kumachitika chifukwa chikoka cha amaayoni ndi zipangizo zinthu kunja ndi mkati: X-ray cheza ndi mitundu nyukiliya, kugunda kwa mamolekyulu ndi tinthu mlandu, zinthu matenthedwe.
• Magetsi madutsidwe wa madzimadzi dielectric. Dependencies: Kapangidwe ka molekyulu ndi, kutentha, chodetsa, pamaso pa milandu ikuluikulu ya ma elekitironi ndi ayoni. Madutsidwe wa dielectrics madzi zimadalira pamaso chinyezi ndi zosafunika. Conduction magetsi analenga zinthu zambiri kumalo ozizira ndi madzi kwa ayoni dissociated. Mu kuyerekezera madzi kumalo ozizira ndipo sanali kumalo ozizira, mwayi osiyana mu madutsidwe poyamba. Ngati madzi bwino ku zodetsa, izo pothandiza kuchepetsa katundu wake mosalekeza. Ndi kukula kwa madutsidwe wa chinthu madzi ndi kutentha kwake ndichepe kukhuthala ake zikachitika, imbaenda chinawonjezeka ion kuyenda.
• Olimba dielectrics. electroconductivity awo amayamba monga kayendedwe ka mlandu particles dielectric ndi zosafunika. M'minda amphamvu magetsi wapezeka madutsidwe panopa.

The thupi katundu wa dielectrics

Pamene resistivity zakuthupi wofanana zosakwana 10-5 Ohm * mamita akhoza zimachitika ochititsa lapansi. Ngati oposa 108 Ohm * mamita - kuti dielectrics lapansi. Pali milandu kumene resistivity ndi kangapo wamkulu kuposa kulimbikira kwa wochititsa lapansi. Mu osiyanasiyana 10-5-108 ohm * mamita ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Zachitsulo zakuthupi - ndi wochititsa kwambiri za panopa magetsi.

Wa nthawi tebulo lonse la zinthu, 25 okha si a zitsulo, ndi 12 a iwo mwina ndi katundu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Komabe, kupatula tebulo la zinthu, pali kasakaniza wazitsulo zambiri, nyimbo kapena mankhwala ndi wochititsa katundu, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kapena dielectric. Choncho zimakhala zovuta kuchita zina zinthu zosiyana womangidwa kwa resistances awo. Mwachitsanzo, pa wotsikirapo kutentha chinthu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi adzadzikuza ngati dielectric.

ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo si kuchititsa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndi imodzi mwa makalasi ambiri ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu magetsi. Yakhala momveka bwino kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu wa yogwira ndi chabe mawonekedwe.

Mu chabe mawonekedwe dielectric katundu ntchito ntchito mu electrically chimateteza zakuthupi.

Mu thupi lithe, iwo ntchito mu ferroelectric ndi zipangizo zatsopano emitters laser.

dielectrics chachikulu

Pakuti nthawi zambiri zikuchitika mitundu monga:

• Galasi.
• Mphira.
• Mafuta.
• Phula.
• Zadothi.
• Khwatsi.
• Air.
• Daimondi.
• madzi aukhondo.
• Pulasitiki.

Kodi madzi dielectric?

The kugawanika kotereku kumachitika m'munda wa magetsi. Phula zinthu sanali conductive ntchito luso kwa akuponya kapena impregnating zipangizo. Pali 3 makalasi a dielectrics madzi:

Mafuta ophikira - ndi otsika-kukhuthala ndipo makamaka sanali kumalo ozizira. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo mkulu-voteji: mafuta thiransifoma, madzi mkulu. Thiransifoma mafuta - ndi dielectric sanali kumalo ozizira. Chingwe mafuta akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu impregnation a chimateteza mawaya pepala-voteji kwa iwo 40 kV, ndi ❖ kuyanika zitsulo zozikidwa panopa oposa 120 kV. Thiransifoma mafuta poyerekeza capacitor ali ndi dongosolo ukonde. Mtundu wa insulator chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga, ngakhale kukwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi zinthu analogi zipangizo.

Kodi insulator zenizeni? Pakali pano kulikonse iye anakana chifukwa cha kawopsedwe mkulu tapangidwa pamaziko a chlorinated mpweya. A madzi dielectric, zochokera pakachitsulo organic, ndi otetezeka ndi wochezeka. Mtundu sayambitsa zitsulo dzimbiri ndipo ali katundu wa hygroscopicity otsika. Pali thinned insulator chikukhudza organofluorine pawiri amene makamaka wotchuka chifukwa cha incombustibility zawo, katundu matenthedwe ndi kukhazikika zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

Komaliza, izo masamba mafuta. Iwo ali ofooka kumalo ozizira dielectrics zikuphatikizapo linseed, Kasitolo, tung, zitsamba. Kasitolo mafuta otentha kwambiri ndi ntchito capacitors pepala. Otsala mafuta - oyaka. Evaporation momwemo chifukwa si zachilengedwe evaporation, mankhwala anachita otchedwa polymerization. Mwakhama ntchito enamels ndi utoto.

Pomaliza

Nkhaniyi kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane zimene insulator. losiyanasiyana ndi katundu awo anatchula. Kumene, kumvetsa suoneka a chikhalidwe chawo, m'pofunika kufufuza zina ya nthambi ya sayansi za iwo.