Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu: kusankhidwa

Zikuoneka kuti anthu ochepa lero, ntchito deta pa njira osatetezeka kulankhulana, kulingalira zomwe aligorivimu Diffie-Hellman. Ndipotu, ambiri sakumvetsa ndipo muyenera. Komabe, mapulogalamuwanso makompyuta, titero, zambiri chidwi kumvetsa izi siyingawapweteke. Makamaka, chinsinsi kuwombola Diffie-Hellman angakhale othandiza kwa owerenga amene ali ndi chidwi pa nkhani ya chitetezo mfundo ndi cryptography.

njira Diffie-Hellman ndi chiyani?

Ngati tikuyandikira funso la aligorivimu yokha, koma popanda kupita tsatanetsatane luso ndi masamu, tikhoza tanthauzo monga njira kubisa ndi decryption wa mudziwe opatsirana ndipo analandira pakati owerenga awiri kapena kuposa a kompyuta kapena machitidwe ena zokhudza kuwombola deta ndi ntchito ya mosadziteteza aya njira.

Monga zikuonekeratu, pakalibe njira chitetezo kukakumana kapena kusintha owona mu ndondomeko ya kufalitsa ndi kulandira, ndi tizilomboto mungathe. Komabe, kufalitsidwa kiyi Diffie-Hellman kuti mwayi popereka ndi kulandira deta ngati kuti tampering pafupifupi kwathunthu inathetsedwa. Mu nkhani imeneyi kulankhulana mayina ndi kulankhulana njira (popanda chitetezo kwake) amakhala otetezeka ngati onsewo ntchito makiyi chomwecho.

prehistory

The aligorivimu Diffie-Hellman anadziwana ndi dziko kumbuyo mu 1976. ndiAmene ake kukhala Uitfrid Diffie ndi Martin Hellman, amene kafukufuku wake wa njira otetezedwa ndi odalirika deta kubisa zochokera ntchito ya Ralph Merkle, amene anayambitsa otchedwa anthu kiyi dongosolo kugawa.

Koma ngati Merkle anayamba maziko yekha ongolankhula, Diffie ndi Hellman kuperekedwa kwa anthu njira zothandiza kuti vutoli.

The chosavuta kufotokoza

Kwenikweni, mayeso zachokera umisiri cryptographic kubisa kuti tsopano kudabwa akatswiri ambiri m'munda umenewu. ciphers anthology chikuphatikizapo mbiri ndithu yaitali. Akamanena za ndondomeko lonse ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali magulu awiri, maimelo, kapena ndi ena deta kupatsana mothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu. Koma chitetezo zichitike mwa njira yotero kuti Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu yokha amafuna kuti chinsinsi decryption amadziwika kuti magulu awiriwa (kutumiza ndi kulandira). Pamene moperewera mwamtheradi ndani wa iwo adzaposa kupanga koyamba chiwerengero mwachisawawa (mfundo imeneyi adzakhala kufotokoza nkhani mawerengedwe mitunduyi kiyi).

Njira encrypting deta ya nyengo kale

Kuti izo bwino, tiona kuti njira ambiri wosazindikira kwa chitetezo deta ndi Mwachitsanzo, kalembedwe si kumanzere, monga nkozoloŵereka zolembedwa kwambiri ndi kumanja kupita kumanzere. Mofananamo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo m'malo a zilembo za alifabeti mu mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu chimasintha kalata wachiwiri kwa woyamba, wachinayi - wachitatu ndi zina zotero. Chikalata chomwecho ataona kungakhale zamkhutu wathunthu. Komabe, amene analemba gwero code, monga munthu amene ali ndi kuwerenga, mu dongosolo adzaikidwe zilembo zina. Zimenezi zimatchedwa kwambiri.

Onani kuti ambiri mwa mabuku adakali undeciphered ndi mapale zolemba Sumerians akale ndi Aiguputo sanamvetse crypto-akatswiri kokha chifukwa chakuti sadziwa mmene kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yake Napempha kwa zilembo.

Ngati athu - ndi Diffie-Hellman zosinthika amaganiza kuti kiyi decryption amadziwika owerengeka owerenga. Komabe, ndipo apa m'pofunika kuti malo, chifukwa kulowelera mu kufala kwa deta encrypted wa mtundu uwu akhoza anagwiriridwa ndi lachitatu maphwando, ngati udzathetsa m'malo kapena m'malo a m'nkhaniyi.

Ndizosachita kunena kuti pali tsopano wamphamvu cryptosystem zokwanira zochokera ma aligorivimu monga AES, koma iwo musataye chitsimikizo chodzaza ndi chitetezo kuwakhadzula deta lachitatu chipani.

Chabwino, tsopano ife kuganizira kwambiri dongosolo kubisa, ntchito zimene mukuphunzirazo ndi digiri ya chitetezo.

Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu: kusankhidwa

aligorivimu lisanalengedwe kuti kuonetsetsa osati zinsinsi deta pa kufala kwa chipani wina ndi mzake, komanso kuti bwinobwino kuwachotsa pa chiphaso. Ziri kulankhula, monga dongosolo HIV ayenera kuonetsetsa chitetezo lathunthu njira zonse zotheka kulankhulana.

Kumbukirani, pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene luntha la anagwirizana m'mayiko onse anavutika ankasakidwa kwa makina kubisa amatchedwa "chosamvetsetseka", imene timafalitsa uthenga ozimbayitsidwa kuti Morse code. Ndipotu, izo sizikanakhoza kuthetsa palibe cipher, ngakhale njira ife tikuzikamba, "zotsogola" Katswiri mu cryptography. Pokhapokha adani ake anali analandira chinsinsi chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti uthenga unatumizidwa ndi bulu German.

Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu: mwachidule

Choncho, aligorivimu ikukhudza ntchito mfundo zofunika zochepa. Tiyerekeze tili nkhani wamba, pamene magulu awiri (wosuta) alipo pa kugwirizana. Ife kutanthauza iwo monga A ndi B.

Amagwiritsa ntchito manambala awiri X ndi Y, si chinsinsi mu izi njira zolankhulirana, kulamulira handover. Akamanena lonse la funso zithupsa pansi, kuti kulenga pa maziko awo a mtundu watsopano cha mtengo wapatali chimene chidzakhala chinsinsi. Koma! The woyimba woyamba ntchito yaikulu yaikulu chiwerengero, ndipo chachiwiri - zonse ndi inteja (divisible), koma m'munsi kuti woposa woyamba.

Mwachibadwa, mapulogalamuwanso amavomereza kuti manambala awa zobisika. Komabe, chifukwa njira ndi osatetezeka, manambala awiri kuzindikirike ndi zina chidwi maphwando. N'chifukwa chake anthu mauthenga yemweyo anasinthanitsa kiyi chinsinsi decrypt uthenga.

The mitunduyi zofunikira kuwerengetsa kiyi

Amaganiza kuti Diffie-Hellman amatanthauza dongosolo la otchedwa kubisa ofananira, limene panali malipoti cipher asymmetric. Komabe, ngati ife tikambirane mbali yaikulu ya mawerengedwe a magulu kiyi makamu, ndi kukumbukira osachepera ajebura.

Choncho, mwachitsanzo, aliyense azilandira pa amapanga manambala mwachisawawa ndi b. Iwo amadziwa pasadakhale mfundo za × ndi Y, zomwe mwina "sewn" mu pulogalamu ofunikira.

Potumiza kapena kulandira uthenga amenewa wolembetsa A computes phindu makiyi, kuyambira chilinganizo ^A = × ^ndi yamakono Y, pamene lachiwiri amagwiritsa osakaniza B = × ^b yamakono Y, kenako kutumiza fungulo decrypted kuti wosuta choyamba. Izi ndi sitepe yoyamba.

Tsopano ndikuganiza kuti gulu lina nkhawa ali nazo ake onse mfundo masamu a A ndi B. Komabe, zikhoza kanthu m'kati posamutsa deta, chifukwa Chachiwiri kudziwa mmene kuwerengera kiyi wamba.

Kuyambira mitunduyi pamwamba, mukhoza kukhala pa kiyi mawerengedwe wamba. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa Diffie-Hellman Mwachitsanzo mukhoza kuyang'ana motere:

1) linaŵerengera koyamba wolembetsa kiyi zochokera × ndi chilinganizo ^{B ndi yamakono Y = × AB yamakono} Y;

2) Chachiwiri, zochokera koyamba chiwerengero Y ndi anakonza malinga ndi maukonde protocol njira B, amati zikuluzikulu alipo chizindikiro ^{A: b yamakono Y = ×} Ba yamakono Y.

Monga mukuonera, mfundo yomaliza ngakhale pamene madigiri permutation mwamalunji. Choncho, decoding deta ndi onsewo yafupika, monga iwo amati, kuti chimodzi chimene.

Chiopsezo pa phukusi mu ndondomeko ukuthamana

Monga inu angayembekezere, gulu lina alowererepo si lilibe. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi ndi poyamba mwachindunji chiwerengero cha 10 ^100, kapena ngakhale ^10.300.

Ndizosachita kunena kuti palibe lero kulenga achinsinsi kapena kupeza malamulo magudumu kudziwa chiwerengero yokha simungathe (kupatula kuti koyamba ndi womaliza osati options tikudikira kuti alowererepo pa dongosolo kufala). Zingafunike nthawi kwambiri kuti moyo padziko lapansi lidzatha. Komabe, mipata chonchi zotetezera mpaka pano.

Nthawi zambiri iwo ali oyanjana ndi chidziwitso cha logarithm apawokha. Ngati kudziwa ngati ali osokoneza ndi Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu kungakhale (koma okha magawo koyamba ndi womaliza tatchulazi). Chinthu china ndi kuti likhale kudziwa ngati mayunitsi.

Ntchito aligorivimu kwa Java nsanja

Diffie-Hellman aligorivimu ntchito Java yekha ndi apilo ngati "kasitomala-Seva".

M'mawu ena, polumikiza ndi podikira makina kasitomala LUMIKIZANI. Pamene kugwirizana anapangidwa, pali ntchitoyo aligorivimu pa kufunafuna kiyi pagulu kapena mwachinsinsi, kenako wosuta mukhoza kupeza mwayi wonse kuti ntchito yonse ndi deta ya Seva yokha. Nthawi zina zimenezi n'zoona ngakhale mu kachitidwe m'manja, Komabe, anthu ochepa mukudziwa, imene mbali wamkulu wa ntchito mode wosaoneka mawonekedwe a zolembedwa executable.

Ntchito aligorivimu kwa nsanja C (+ / ++)

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa Diffie-Hellman mu «C» (+ / ++), ndiye apo palibe kotero yosalala. Mfundo ndi kuti nthawi zina pamakhala vuto pamene ambiri a ntchito ndi kuwerengetsera yekha mapulogalamu chinenero kugwirizana ndi akuyandama mfundo. N'chifukwa chake pamene wakhala kufunika inteja, kapena pamene akuyesa nazo (ngakhale exponentiation), pangakhale mavuto nthawi kulemba. Makamaka izo nkhawa asamadye Int ntchito.

Komabe, tiyenera powasamalira zina zigawo zikuluzikulu executable lomwe, monga ulamuliro, ndi makalasi a ntchito, ndi exponentiation kapena zokhudzana laibulale attachable GMP.

Modern ma aligorivimu kubisa

Akukhulupirira kuti Diffie-Hellman akadali kumenya, palibe amene angathe. Ndipotu iye anali yemwe anali maziko zikamera wa madongosolo otero kudziwika chitetezo m'munda wa kubisa deta monga AES128 ndi AES256.

Komabe, ikusonyeza kuchita, ngakhale kupezeka kwa manambala chabe si anazindikira mwa munthu, ambiri a madongosolo a ntchito mtundu uwu okha mtengo wa khumi choyamba (kenanso), koma aligorivimu yokha akusonyeza nambala nthawi miliyoni kwambiri.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Ambiri, mwina, ndi kale momveka bwino chimene chimapanga dziko lino ndipo kodi zigawo zake algorithmic. Iwo okha mpaka kuwonjezera kuti wapatsidwa kuthekera waukulu chonchi kuti kwathunthu pafupifupi aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito.

Komano, ndi chiopsezo ku aligorivimu bwino zokwanira. Weruzani nokha: Ndipotu, kulemba pulogalamu kugwira ntchito zowerengetsa logarithms apawokha, pafupifupi aliyense wa Mlengi wake angakapeze osati magawo koyamba anapereka wosuta, komanso kiyi anthu, amene kwaiye mu kubisa ndi decryption dongosolo.

Pankhani losavuta ndi okwanira kuti unsembe wa executable wa Java-applet, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mauthenga pafoni. Kumene, wosuta sindikudziwa za izo, koma deta yake idzakhala okhoza kufunkha aliyense.