Diorama "Sevastopol". Kutetezedwa amunamuna a Sevastopol. Diorama "Sevastopol": bwanji kuti

The diorama amatchedwa "Mavuto a Sapun Mountain May 7, 1944" Ndi nthambi ya Museum National yodzitetezera amunamuna ndi kumasula Sevastopol. Ndi 12 Km mumzindawu.

Kodi Diorama (Sevastopol)? Kodi kuchikwaniritsa?

chuma lili pa phiri Sapun. Mungathe kufika chipilala ali m'basi Malakhov. Inayambira maola: tsiku lililonse 9:00 kuti 17:00, kupatula Lolemba. Tikiti ofesi ndiyotsegula mpaka 16:30. Mu nthawi kuchokera July kwa August, pamene alendo masauzande ambiri amapita kupita ku Sevastopol, Diorama, chithunzi amene timalandira m'nkhani, ndi lotseguka tsiku lililonse kuyambira 9:00 kuti 17:30. Kugula tikiti pa ofesi bokosi kungakhale kwa 17:00.

Zochitika zakale zapitazo

Ya 1941-1942. - Patapita nthawi ya zozizwitsa chitetezo cha Sevastopol. mzinda anamasulidwa mu May 1944 anatembenuka kumenyana aukali paphiri Sapun. Kufikira tsopano, malo awa amasunga malo mbiri ya zochitika. Ngakhale lero kuda asilikali anakumba ngalande ndi m'mphepete ali kumbuyo mfundo yosiyana, yaitali, zimaphala tatikulu mabomba ndi zipolopolo, yokutidwa ndi udzu wobiriwira atsopano. Pa Phiri la Sapun anapeza malo awo zikumbutso zambiri ndi zipilala kuti ndinu gawo la chikumbutso zovuta kwambiri m'dziko anadzipereka kwa zochitika za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. The chipilala woyamba polemekeza liberators wa Sevastopol anaikidwa kuno ndi mapulani asilikali ndi omanga m'chaka cha 1944 pa pempho la anamenyela patha zaka 15 kumasulidwa kwa mzinda kuchokera Nazi ankhondowo chipilala wokongola analengedwa - ndi diorama. Kuteteza Sevastopol - chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima wa asilikali Soviet. Kukumbukira ichi tidzakhalabe mbiri dziko kosatha.

Kujambula Song

Udindo ntchito kulemba luso-chidutswa analandira Moscow situdiyo aluso asilikali. MB Grekov. ntchito Executive inayamba mu 1958, gulu kulenga PT Maltceva, imene m'gulu NS Prisekin ndi GI Marchenko. Kulenga ntchito moyenera mwini luso chabwino anakumana ndi gulu la nkhondo pa phiri Sapun, ankaphunzira zochitika a nthawi imeneyo, anapanga zina zachidule ambiri chithunzichi ndipo zithunzi alili. Kulenga mphako chinsalu kukula 5.5 × 25,2 mamita ndi kutsogolo dongosolo chinthu okwana m'dera 83 sq. m. ojambula zithunzi inatenga 7 miyezi.

Diorama (Sevastopol) linakhazikitsidwa pa November 4 1959, anakhala zikuchokera loyamba chotero chachikulu, limene nthawi ntchito ambuye Soviet luso labwino. olemba ake adafunafuna kusamutsa ndi chidzalo pazipita wa Kuzindikira zotchulidwa. Pakuti kanjedza wa anthu awa analembedwa kukula zachilengedwe anthu, ndipo kutsogolo substantive dongosolo wapangidwa zida lodalirika, yunifomu zida, zidutswa za nyumba zomangamanga, anasonkhana ku nkhondo. Pa chinsalu cha diorama chikusonyezera zochita za asirikali weniweni amene anatenga gawo mu chitetezo cha Sevastopol. Kuti awapatse chithunzi chikhalidwe, ojambula zithunzi ntchito zopelekedwa kujambula. Iwo anafunsa kuti chitsanzo ziboliboli ndi maonekedwe ofanana kapena otchuka okha otgremevshego nkhondo.

Chikumbutso zovuta

Diorama (Sevastopol) ili mu nyumba pamwamba pa Sapun Mountain, kumene zotchulidwa zinachitika izo. Kuyambira khonde, ili kunja kwa nyumba, amapereka alendo mtundu bwino alili anagwidwa ndi wojambula pa chinsalu cha. Pa pansi, kufufuza wowoneka zikuchokera maso a alendo, wapadera owonetsera zakale chionetsero lotchedwa "Sevastopol panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri."

Pafupi nyumba munakwanisa kuona chigawo china chofunika cha zovuta chikumbutso. Apa alendo adzaona kutsegula kwa chionetsero cha zida za nkhondo, amene anamenya nkhondo yeniyeni. Diorama (Sebastopol) wazunguliridwa ndi akasinja, panyanja ndi munda zida zankhondo, odana ndi ndege ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini, komanso alonda wotchuka mortars "Katyusha". Mbali yaikulu ya chikumbukiro zovuta "Sapun Mountain" chimaonedwabe Obelisk wa Ulemerero 28. mita mkulu, m'tsinde mwa amene kuyambira 1970 zonse anayatsa lawi wosatha.

The kupenta "Kuteteza Sevastopol"

Pankhondo ndipo pambuyo nkhondo nthawi pakhala ntchito zambiri polemekeza kugonjetsa fascism, kupitirizabe chikumbukiro asilikali wagwa. Diorama (Sebastopol) ndi imodzi mwa chikumbukiro waukulu wodzipereka kwa zochitika za 1941-1945. ojambula zithunzi zambiri za pa nsalu zokha ayi zidutswa ake ankhondo oipa.

Apadera zojambulajambula, dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Deyneka analemba kuti: "Wamkulu luso wabadwa chifukwa lalikulu kumverera zachilengedwe, ndipo zingakhale osati osangalatsa, komanso mkwiyo." Kuti maganizo amenewa - amadana kwambiri zedi ndi mkwiyo kwa mdani - kupuma kupenta wake "Kuteteza Sevastopol" ndi "Pa mzinda wa Moscow," lolembedwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ichi ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito zake kale, zinapatsira mwakhama chimwemwe chikondwerero cha kupambana Soviet patsogolo luso, kukhulupirira mu malingaliro wathanzi mu thupi lathanzi ndipo kotheratu mtendere. "Kuteteza Sevastopol" - wotchuka chidutswa AA Deineka, zinalembedwa Moscow mu 1942. Pakali pano, chinsalu ukufanizidwa mu Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Kuchokera pa deta mbiri, zikhoza kapadera kuti chithunzi AA Dejneka chikusonyezera zochitika za kugwa kwa Sevastopol mu 1941, chifukwa chaka chino mu nthawi kuchokera October 30 November 21, Anazi atachita kuukira woyamba pa mzinda. nkhondo yoyamba zinakambidwa pa lakutali njira yofikira kwa Sevastopol, ndi kuchokera November 2 kuukira anayamba linga kumbuyo. Popeza Ankhondo mumzinda kulibenso, chitetezo cha Sevastopol anatenga Asilikali a Black Sea zombo, ndi mayunitsi munthu ntchito zombo thandizo moto. Nkhondo anatenga gawo ndi gombe mabatire.

zotchulidwa

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi asilikali a German anayesetsa 3 ankafuna kutenga Sebastopol. Nkhondo komaliza kwa mzinda itatha July 9, 1942 Ngakhale kuti chithunzi zotsatirazi AA Deineka, si kwenikweni zolondola, pa padoko la Sevastopol kufalitsidwa mazana ndewu zimenezi. wolemba anakwanitsa amapereka msilikali ungwazi pa lona ft lalikulu la Asilikali amene ataya moyo wawo poteteza mzindawu.

mafotokozedwe

Kujambula kupenta "Kuteteza Sevastopol", chithunzicho akuuza omvetsera achisoni, mbiri nkhanza. , Iye anafotokoza nkhondo zinachitika pa padoko, imene oyendetsa Soviet kuposa mzinda wa unit mzinda mdani. Patali sakhoza kuona mabwinja a nyumba anaimapo mozungulira moto Woyaka. Mu Pachithunzipa ndi zithunzi limasonyeza yapamadzi wovulalayo, kutaya gulu la mabomba. nkhope yake kukwana ndi mopanda mantha, manja anawonjezera zikuchepa pambali, miyendo lonse padera. Angabweretse yapamadzi umaimira lonse inaccessibility, kudzipereka ndi kufunitsitsa kusiya mdani pa mtengo uliwonse. Kupereka chithunzi ziriri, AA Dejneka anasonyeza kuti chithunzi chapakati la msilikali ndi anasintha ku ngodya kumanzere, motero kusiya malo mabomba ndege. Ndi ukulu wa munthu akupanga otsiriza wosimidwa kuponya, kupereka mphamvu yonse ndi zikuchokera kwambiri. Kusamutsa groznosti ndi kuthamanga akuyandikira asilikali mdani wolemba ntchito njira yapadera - kum'mamatira bayonets bladed mfuti.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti chithunzicho akunena msilikali atagona miyendo lopondereza yakusatetezeka n'zochepa poyerekeza ndi mbali yaikulu pa chithunzipo. Choncho Dejneka zikusonyeza kufooka ndi kusowa chochita mu nkhope ya mdani wa asilikali Soviet. The kupenta "Kuteteza Sevastopol" - si nkhani sewero ntchito ya usilikali, ndiponso pamwamba pa zithunzi zonse kuyimira kugunda asilikali Soviet mu miinjiro yoyera, ndi mdima, pafupifupi ziwembu zopulula misa adani. Deineki chinsalu ngati ntchito ya ojambula zithunzi zina zambiri, moyo imeneyi kukumbukira ngwazi za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kuchita nawo nkhondo aukali ndipo anapereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha ufulu wa dziko lawo.