Engine mafuta: olemba, maonekedwe, gulu. Kodi zizindikiro za mafuta galimoto?

Lubricating mafuta ntchito mwa munthu kwa zaka 3.5. Ngakhale makina losavuta akufunika iwo. Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa mafuta ndi ena ofanana ntchito masamba mafuta ndi nyama mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito nthunzi injini mafuta rapeseed. Nkhanizi chimatsatira bwino pamalo zitsulo ndipo si kusambitsa madzi ndi nthunzi.

Mu 1859, panali mankhwala mafuta, zomwe ndi maziko kwa chilengedwe cha mafuta mchere. Mkubwela kwa polymeric kukhuthala modifier kukhala kotheka kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira kuti yotentha ndi nyimbo zonse nyengo-.

Mitundu ya mafuta galimoto

mankhwala analemba ndi zipangizo. Amakhala mbali ziwiri: mafuta m'munsi ndi phukusi zowonjezera. Yotsirizira kupereka zosiyanasiyana katundu mankhwala. Malinga njira zotsimikizira mafuta m'munsi lagawidwa mitundu itatu.

1. Maminolo zichokera kwa mafuta (mchere).

2. Kupanga, chifukwa zovuta za kaphatikizidwe petrochemical. Chodetsa kupanga galimoto mafuta - kwathunthu kupanga. Kwambiri Mkhalidwe ndi mtengo.

3. theka-kupanga, chopangidwa pa maziko mchere ndi kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu kwambiri kupanga (theka-kupanga). A kukondera wololera khalidwe / mtengo chiŵerengero.

Kupanga mafuta ndi chiwerengero cha ubwino poyerekeza ndi mchere wa.

kusankhidwa

Cholinga cha kondomu - mapangidwe wochepa thupi ndipo nthawi yomweyo filimu amphamvu padziko mbali mikangano kuletsa mwachindunji kukhudzana a microroughness lapansi. Choncho avale ndi chabe.

Ntchito mafuta galimoto: konsekonse, kwa petulo ndi dizilo injini. A gulu osiyana - chifukwa powerplants awiri sitiroko. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi olemba yoyenera mafuta galimoto: kufunika «dizilo», «2T» kapena «2 mwanzeru». kusowa ake umboni wa ntchito konsekonse.

kusankha

Kodi kusankha mafuta injini? Chodetsa lili zizindikiro zambiri, koma anthu ogula ndi chidwi awiriwo:

- mlingo khalidwe (ngati n'koyenera kwa galimoto);

- kukhuthala (ngati oyenera nyengo inayake ndi nyengo).

njira Special amafuna latsopano, makina amakono.

Mayankho a mafunso ziwiri zofunika amapereka kulemba mafuta engine. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti izo - mu dongosolo ochiritsira indexing.

Awo ndi angapo. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi atatu - SAE, API ndi ACEA. Nthawi zina anawonjezera ILSAC.

muyezo SAE

Gawo zachokera makhalidwe kukhuthala. Iwo ali mu dongosolo - waukulu.

SAE (American Association of Automotive Akatswiri) amakhazikitsa amene kukhuthala osiyanasiyana zizindikiro zokhudzana galimoto mafuta.

Chodetsa amagwiritsa index ichi, amayezedwa mayunitsi. Kusiyana ndi, ndi apamwamba a kukhuthala.

muyezo amakhazikitsa magulu atatu mafuta: chilimwe, chisanu ndi nyengo zonse. Last - ambiri.

Kuchokera mayina a mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimaonekeratu kuti mukulemba potengera muyezo SAE, mungaphunzire chinthu chimodzi chokha: ngati mafuta ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pa nyengo inayake mu zinthu zina nyengo kapena ayi. Only izi.

muyezo amakhazikitsa magulu atatu mafuta. Iwo amasiyana ndi seasonality ntchito.

1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W - yozizira mafuta. Awo asanu. Chizindikiro index W (yozizira) - "Zima". Ang'onoang'ono, ndi bwino "ozizira" ntchito. Osachepera mtengo - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - yotentha mafuta. Asanu a iwo. Chizindikiro unsigned W - "chilimwe". Izo zimasonyeza posungira wa kukhuthala pa apamwamba kutentha. The apamwamba kolowera, ndi zosavuta ntchito mafuta mu kutentha. Zolemba malire mtengo - 60.

3. 5W 30, 5W 40, 10W 50, etc. - .. Nyengo. chiwerengero chawo - 23.

Mwachitsanzo, kulemba injini mafuta 5W30 zikutanthauza kuti zonse-nyengo ntchito. Ndi bwino ntchito mu osiyanasiyana kutentha kwa madigiri -30 kuti +20.

Kotero, zomwe kusonyeza mafuta injini, SAE olemba amapereka ogula?

Izi ndi zokhudza makhalidwe kutentha sing'anga imene anakumana ndi zotsatirazi:

1. anagubuduza crankshaft zonse electrostarter ozizira poyambira.

2. mumalowedwe ikukoka mafuta kudzera mu mzere engine. Pa ozizira chiyambi ayenera kupereka kuthamanga amene kumathandiza youma mikangano pairings.

3. Zodalirika kondomu ya chilimwe mu opareshoni mosalekeza mu mode zovuta.

Gawo API

Mapulogalamu - American Institute mankhwala mafuta. API amalola kusankha mafuta a galimoto malingana chaka kupanga. Ndipotu ndondomeko kukonza makina, ndi kuti apereke kudya, zosavuta ndi zapamwamba injini, mosalekeza.

Gawo The lolunjika pa magalimoto opangidwa ku America.

Anatengera alifabeti chodetsa mafuta engine. Decryption ndi. S (Service) - mafuta, C (malonda) - dizilo. Ntchito za wachiwiri chodetsa akutanthauza kalata kuti kuchokera zina - monga kusintha khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, SJ kalasi anayambitsa posachedwapa. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anakankhira SH. SJ gulu anatumizidwa ndi mafuta mtengo ndi apamwamba kupanga maziko. Iwo apangidwa kuti makina amakono kwambiri.

SH mtengo zinthu zina otsika SJ, iwo ali abwino yopanga magalimoto zaka 1994-1989 patsogolo. Maphunziro SF lolunjika pa Motors akulu otsika liwiro ndi yosavuta.

Universal galimoto mafuta: iwiri chodetsa, mwachitsanzo: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. SF / CC - "zambiri mafuta", CD / SF- "zambiri dizilo." Mwachitsanzo - mu pachithunzipa.

Chifukwa chitukuko wochitachita wa injini dizilo ndi Kuvuta awo: .. Turbocharged, etc. njira Special ndi zofunika zomera mphamvu. Choncho, anthu opanga kutsogolera monga osiyanasiyana ophikira kwa injini dizilo. Nyimbo zimenezi amakonzedwa mwa kulemba wapadera «Dizilo».

Mu gulu osiyana mafuta kwa mayunitsi mafuta mphamvu ndi ntchito mphamvu yakupulumutsa. Ali ndi zina zoti EC (Energy kusamala).

Gawo la Association of galimoto ku Ulaya Opanga (ACEA)

Iwo yodziwika ndi zofunika kuyeza kwambiri kuti khalidwe la mafuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu Europe zinthu zenizeni za machitidwe a magalimoto ndi zina zingapo injini kamangidwe.

Gawo ACEA injini mafuta amadziwika ntchito zinthu mkulu kutentha.

ACEA limatchula magulu anayi wa kuwanena A, B, C, E. anafuna kuti petulo, injini dizilo ndi zomera mphamvu okonzeka ndi converters othandizira.

Gulu monga gulu osiyana likusonyeza mphamvu yopulumutsa mafuta. Iwo ndi zina zapadera. ntchito mafuta awo ndalama ndi zimatheka ndi kuchepetsa makulidwe mafuta filimu pa kutentha opaleshoni. Ena, makamaka Japanese, injini tinapangidwa ndendende pansi zopangidwa amenewa. Mphamvu imayenera mafuta ntchito pokha pokha pamene analimbikitsa ndi Mlengi galimoto. Choncho, BMW ndi Mercedes-Benz akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito iwo konse mu magalimoto a zopangidwa izi.

Kodi kulembalemba injini mafuta ACEA? Makalasi A ndi B mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu zopulumutsa zaikidwa identically. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Makalasi A1, A5, B1 ndi B5 - mphamvu yakupulumutsa. Ena - muyezo mafuta. Izi A2, A3, B2, B3 ndi B4. Mphamvu imayenera mafuta si ntchito magalimoto akuluakulu. Udzafunidwa chitetezo bwino.

Kawiri olemba monga A3 / B4, ntchito potanthauza mafuta chilengedwe (mafuta kapena dizilo).

A mbali yofunika kwambiri US ndi ena opanga galimoto European amalangiza magalimoto awo nyimbo za ACEA A3 / B4, nkhawa Japanese - ACEA A1 / B2 kapena A5 / B5.

ILSAC gulu

The brainchild wa Mayanjano awiri a galimoto Opanga - Japan ndi America. Pali magulu atatu a mafuta kuti kupereka ndalama mphamvu ndipo anafuna kuti magalimoto mafuta anthu. Olemba: GF-1, GF-2 ndi GF-3.

mafuta awa abwino a magalimoto ku Japan. Kuti American magalimoto zopangidwa tikaona ndi ILSAC anakongola API.

Kuvomereza ndi miyezo ya automakers ndi

API gulu ACEA ndi kukhazikitsa zizindikiro ntchito mafuta. Ndipo makhalidwe awo - ndi kololeka osachepera. Ngakhale kuti zofuna zawo opanga mafuta ndi zina kugwirizana ndi opanga magalimoto, yotsirizira iwo si nthawi zonse kukhuta. ndi njira muyezo Yovuta sangamvetse kuganizira peculiarities wa ntchito injini atsopano ano. Choncho, galimoto opanga kusungitsa woyenerera kupanga specifications awo, kulamula wapadera.

Pogwira mafuta mayeso injini awo, mwina iwo molawirira, motsogozedwa ndi mmodzi wa classifications wamba, kapena kukhala mfundo zawo malangizo zopangidwa, abwino kwambiri ndipo analoledwa ntchito.

Zofunika automakers mokakamizidwa kusonyeza pa phukusi pafupi ndi chizindikiro katundu kalasi ntchito. Lamulo limeneli lakwaniritsidwa kwa kalatayo.

Mu dziko kutengera limodzi chodetsa mafuta engine. Decoding likupereka yankho lomveka ku funso la kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.

Taganizirani chitsanzo chotsatirachi. Choncho, chodetsa 5W40 galimoto mafuta.

Izi zikuchokera kupanga ntchito multigrade pa kutentha kwa madigiri -30 kuti +35.

Malinga ndi gulu la API CJ-4 mafuta ntchito galimoto chopangidwa pambuyo 2006 ndipo akukonzani ndi injini mkulu-liwiro dizilo kuti ugwirizane ndi miyezo ya mpweya ndi 2007. Ntchito pamene akuthamanga pa utsi kuti mulibe sulfure kuposa 0,05%. Kugwiritsa galimoto ndi Zosefera particulate ndi utsi machitidwe mpweya recirculation. Pamene ukugwira ntchito pa apamwamba, munali zosaposa 0,0015% mafuta sulfure, amapereka kuchuluka mtunda kuti m'malo.

Choncho, chodetsa injini 5W40, mwachindunji pa ma CD ya mafuta, muli mfundo zokwanira kudziwa woyenerera ake ntchito pa zitsanzo zenizeni galimoto.