Eyeglass magalasi: mitundu, kusankha, pamawu

Long atapita masiku pamene munthu sankaona akhoza kudalira yekha magalasi mu chimango pulasitiki ndi galasi wakuda ndi magalasi lolemera. Modern pochiza matenda a maso limapereka ambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mutu wakuti: "Eyeglass". Ndipo m'mphepete tsopano kubala zosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

A pang'ono mbiri ...

Kutchula koyamba za magalasi angapezeke mu zolemba chibwenzi ku 13 m'ma AD. Nkhani yomwe chimango woyamba chinapangidwa, anakhala kamba chipolopolo. Izo zinachitika mu China zaka 2000 zapitazo. Padziko chaka cha 1000 BC. e. Chimonko mu kukopera pamanja anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama ndi galasi lokulitsira.

Pamene buku anakhala nkhani kupezeka kwa anthu (nthawi imeneyi m'dera la m'ma 15) zatchuka kwambiri ndi magalasi. Mafelemu, magalasi - onse anali opanda ungwiro, ndipo zinalengedwera anali osiyana pang'ono kuposa tsopano. Ndiye munthu kapena magalasi atagwira dzanja kapena phiri iwo pa mphuno.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 17 ku London panali magalasi anapereka akachisi. Ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti apamwamba magalasi choonetsedwa anali kupangidwa ku Germany. Iwo la galasi, ndipo imeneyi mpaka 1940, pamene Pittsburgh zachitika latsopano mtundu wa pulasitiki, amene wakhala mpikisano woyenera galasi - osalimba ndi yovuta mokwanira.

Pa zaka 75 Optics mwakuchita leaps ndi malire. Lero magalasi ano ali m'magulu malinga ndi magawo a misa ndi chingathandize munthu ndi matenda aliwonse diso.

Zida kupanga magalasi

Monga tanenera poyamba, choonetsedwa magalasi angakhale galasi (zochita kupanga) kapena pulasitiki (organic). Galasi kwa kupanga magalasi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Nkhanizi ali kwambiri katundu kuwala, mogwira amateteza maso ku cheza dzuwa. Wake (galasi) pamwamba mokwanira zikande zosagwira. Komabe, galasi magalasi ndi chimalemera kwambiri ndi chachikulu kuposa pulasitiki, ndi kuziika mu chimango ano Sizotheka.

Choonetsedwa mandala wa polycarbonate n'kakang'ono ndi opepuka poyerekeza ndi galasi. Komanso, iwo ali kutilimbikitsa kugonjetsedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mosavuta kuvala magalasi awa ana ndi anthu kuchita nawo masewera osiyanasiyana. Nkhanizi ali ndi mphamvu kuteteza maso ku cheza ultraviolet.

Popeza 2000, msika chuma wina kupanga magalasi choonetsedwa - trayveks.

Mitundu ya mmene kuwala disolo

Magalasi kwa magalasi kwa pamaso (kapena m'malo kudzudzula kwake) wa zotsatira zawo kuwala ndi ozungulira, astigmatic ndi afocal.

Anthu akuvutika hyperopia kapena myopia, magalasi ozungulira lidzayenere kwambiri. Dzina astigmatic odziwikiratu. M'dera chachikulu cha ntchito - kuwukonza astigmatism. Ndi magalasi cylindrical zifunika kwa astigmatism losavuta, ndi pansi zovuta kapena wosanganiza - toric.

magalasi Afocal mulibe mu mbali ambiri aliyense kuwala. magalasi awa akhoza kufooka ndi amuna kapena popanda vuto ndi kuzindikira zithunzi, kapena anthu amene akuvutika aniseikonia (pamaso panga pali kusiyana kwambiri zithunzi anazindikira kukula). Pankhaniyi, mu kupanga magalasi chofunika eykonicheskie mandala. Ngati munthu amadwala strabismus - magalasi kuchita afocal ndi magalasi prismatic.

Zoni kuwala ndi chiwerengero cha

mabacteria kuwala mu mandala angakhale ochepa, choncho chiwerengero chawo ndi magulu zotheka gulu monga masomphenya limodzi Multifocal. Multifocal, nayenso angathe kugawidwa bifocals, trifocals ndi magalasi mwapang'onopang'ono kwa magalasi.

Monofocal ndi imodzi yofunika ndi ntchito pakakhala kuwukonza mtunda umodzi - pafupi Kapena zili kutali. Kuchuluka kwa magalasi awa womangika ndi kuwukonza astigmatism ofooka malawi mphamvu (mphamvu diso yomwe kusintha cholinga chifukwa attenuation kapena amveke wa ciliary minofu chidule) amagwirizana ndi zaka.

Pamene m'pofunika kukonza masomphenya akutali angapo, kunena magalasi multifocal.

Chitsanzo cha ntchito zawo - presbyopia, pamene munthu sangathe kuwona kusindikizidwa chabwino kapena zinthu yaing'ono osiyanasiyana pafupi. Magalasi ndi magalasi multifocal adzakhala kuthetsa munthu kufunika kuchotsa iwo pamene kusuntha maso chapatali pafupi zosiyanasiyana ndipo mosemphanitsa.

Mitundu mandala ❖ kuyanika

magalasi Eyeglass, iwo sanapange ndi chirichonse zinthu sadzakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pakali pano, ntchito zokutira zosiyanasiyana zimathandiza kuti kwambiri kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi kuthekera kuyambira kuchuluka kukana kuti kuwonongeka ndi kuipitsidwa, kutsiriza ndi zithunzi chitonthozo bwino. Taganizirani zofala kwambiri ntchito ndi mu ankafuna pakati pa ogula ya mandala chivundikirocho.

Photochromic - limachititsa kuteteza maso chikoka chomwe anthu ankhanza cheza ultraviolet chifukwa umatha kusintha kufala kuwala malingana kuwala. magalasi Polarizing ali ndi chithope wapadera filimu (fyuluta) ndipo walola yokha vertically magetsi kapena cheza unpolarized konse, chotero, diso sadzalola ku glare madzi, matalala kapena panjira.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kusapeza pamene zimaonekera cheza kuwala ndi sclera, diso kapena mandala pamwamba umagwiritsidwa ndi AR (antirefleksnoe odana chimawala) ❖ kuyanika.

Kuumitsa ❖ kuyanika kumawonjezera zikande kulimbikira mandala, ndipo hydrophobic amawapatsa kusalala, si kudziunjikira madzi, dothi ndi fumbi ndi mosavuta kusamalira magalasi. Anthu amene amatha nthawi yambiri mu dzuwa, akhala akugwira magalasi ndi UV kutsekereza magalasi lokutidwa.

galasi ❖ kuyanika, amene okhawo padziko akunja disolo ndi angakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ntchito kupanga magalasi. Kuwonjezera pamwambapa, mtundu ❖ kuyanika ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo. E. Mfundo mandala mtundu angakhale osiyana kwambiri.

Kuvuta wosankha: Galasi kapena mapulasitiki?

Pa nthawi galasi "diso" pafupifupi palibe ubwino pa anzawo polymeric. magalasi pulasitiki masewera, zimene mtengo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi magawo kuwala ndi kulimbikitsa zokutira, kutsogolera (ndipo ndi malire lalikulu) pa Optics msika.

Komabe, pamene izo zifika pa kuwukonza myopia mkulu (a opanda lalikulu la 10,0 diopters, ndi zina), kwa mfundo zokongoletsa maganizo, ndi magalasi mchere adzayang'ana zaphindu chifukwa chakuti ali m'mphepete ndi n'kakang'ono kuposa pulasitiki.

Komanso, galasi magalasi kwa magalasi kale ntchito ndi opanga popanga zipangizo kuteteza maso anu ku dzuwa.

refractive index: ena wanji?

The refractive index mu magalasi zopangidwa ndi ma polima ranges kuchokera 1.5 kuti 1,74. Disolo ndi n'kakang'ono ndi mphamvu, ndi apamwamba chiŵerengero. Iwo akulemera zochepa ndi wokwera mtengo. Posankha Chinsinsi lamanja kutsogoleredwa ndi dokotala ndi felemu, amene adalipo.

Monofocal kapena mwapang'onopang'ono choonetsedwa magalasi pa diopter otsika (-2 kwa +2) angakhale refractive index mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 1.5 kuti 1.6. Pamene ndi zaka diopters (kuchokera -6 kuti -2 ndi +2 kuti +6) chiŵerengero akadakwanitsira zidzakhala kuchokera 1.6 kuti 1.7. Ngati ziwerengero diopter sizovuta mkulu, ndi bwino kupereka mmalo mandala atavala index refractive kuposa 1.7.

Ngati ogula anasankha chimango zopangidwa pulasitiki, mu mandala ake wakuda ndi chiŵerengero wamng'ono si choncho noticeable monga chimango pa mzere kapena zomangira lapansi. Ngati kolowera wononga, ndi bwino woonda ndi cholimba mandala T. E. A koyefishienti apamwamba.

magalasi mosinthana mandala

Pali anthu amene alibe mavuto ndi masomphenya anu, komabe iwo kukhalabe chithunzi avale awo magalasi. magalasi mosinthana a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi iwo mpata kutsatira mbuye wake zinthu zachilengedwe imene ili, kuwona mwangwiro mu zinthu zonse nyengo, mu kuwala ndi mdima. magalasi Gray kuteteza maso pa tsiku dzuwa, buluu adzakhala kufunika pa cloudiness variable, transparencies anaikira nyengo mitambo, ndi chikasu mwangwiro magetsi kuwala kwa nyali madzulo.

Othamanga amakonda kusankha magalasi ndi magalasi mosinthana kuti zikhoza kusinthidwa mu gulu limodzi, koma dwi mu malo. The mawonekedwe disolo lakonzedwa phuma snug kwa nkhope, koma chimafotokoza kwambiri. Water-kufumbwa ❖ kuyanika - ndi chinthu chofunika kwa magalasi amenewa, madzi si kudziunjikira pa iwo, ndipo momasuka umayenda pansi, wosasiya milozo.

mtengo osiyanasiyana

Pa magalasi choonetsedwa mtengo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri. mankhwala yotchipa amaonedwa, mtengo umene ranges kuchokera 1290 mpaka 1700 rubles, disolo ya mtengo pafupifupi gulu ndalama kuchokera rubles 2700 ndi 9000, ndipo ngakhale koposa choncho. Kunyamula zinthu mtengo ndi mtengo wa rubles 12 000 kwa 26 000. Onse makamaka payekha. Mtengo zimadalira kulemera kwa zinthu: chuma, mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka mandala, mthunzi antialiasing, m'mimba ndi kupatulira disolo, Kuphunzira ake. Nthawi zambiri, timapangira wogula mphamvu zachuma, kwambiri kaso, chipangizo ndipo nthawi yomweyo omasuka magalasi kwa magalasi awo, iye angakwanitse.