Far East: ziyembekezo chitukuko (makhalidwe general)

The gawo lalikulu la Chitaganya cha Russia Mzimuyo kuoneka kwambiri maudindo ndi, nthawi yomweyo kulonjezedwa malingaliro kukhala mphamvu m'madera ena. Mwa malo kumene njira akhoza akuyendera ambiri - Far East. Chifukwa amapindula dera akhoza pompopompo kumanga? Kodi ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha Far East chiyani?

General maonekedwe a Far East

Far East dera la Russia - malo zofunika mbali asilikali njira, ndi chuma. Malo okwana Chigawo - za 36% ya m'dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia. Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Far East amagwirizana ndi kukhalapo apa cha kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe. Komabe, mwambo wa mwayi chitukuko m'dera imavuta ndi zomangamanga kuchepa, ndi kusamuka anthu.

Distance from Moscow, likulu andale ndi azachuma la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndipo nthawi zina kuoneka ngati cholepheretsa mu chitukuko cha Kummawa. Lingaliro panopa mfundo Russian lachilendo kumafuna mphamvu za dziko m'dera Asia-Pacific. Kukhazikitsa bwino ntchito imeneyi ikukhudza yankho la mavuto otchulidwa yeniyeni ku Russia, zolimbikitsa kuchira zachuma ili apa nkhani RF. Choncho, boma limalipira mwapadera m'deralo.

ubwino mpikisano wa Far East

Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Far East kukuchitika chifukwa choti ubwino wake mpikisano m'madera ena a Russia. Zina mwa moyandikana lawolawo ku misika ikuluikulu ya Asia-Pacific - China, Korea South ndi Vietnam. chuma amenewa akukula bwinobwino. The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri mpikisano mwayi nawo Far East (ziyembekezo za chitukuko za gawolo ofotokoza mwina pamlingo winawake) - kuli chiwerengero chachikulu zachilengedwe: malasha, mafuta, gasi, chitsulo, zitsulo sanali akakhala, nkhuni. Chachitatu, m'njira mpikisano wa dera - mu zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Izo zimatengera lingathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino Far East cholinga cha chitukuko ulimi.

Zinthu chitukuko bwino m'chigawo

Kodi zinthu chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Russia akhoza chidzakwaniritsidwa? Choyamba, mufunikira ndalama yokulirapo mu zomangamanga - zoyendera mphamvu. Yotsatira mzere zofunika za ntchito - yotithandiza chitukuko ntchito pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mlingo wonse wa capitalization ya malipiro dera nkhani zachuma, kukula ndalama msonkho kwa bajeti. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi pafupi mbali ina yofunika ya ntchito za boma mu chimango cha chitukuko cha mwayi Far East - mapangidwe ndi kufunika amphamvu msika m'chigawochi.

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya akuluakulu - Aakulu okhala nzika kusiya kusamuka kwa mbali zina za ku Russia komanso, Tikawonetsetsa kuti Far East chosangalatsa kusuntha m'madera ena.

boma Unakhazikitsidwa

Kodi njira zimene kuzindikira chiyembekezo cha chitukuko chuma Far East ali boma? Choyamba, ofufuza anthu kuwerengera chuma kukhazikitsa mu dera la masango wapadera zachuma, yodziwika ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chikoka ndalama - makamaka mwamuna yachilendo. The chida yachitatu, akuluakulu - kuthekera kuwonjezeka kwambiri ndalama za anthu ntchito m'boma, kudzera zosonyezera chipukuta misozi ntchito ziwalo. Zikomo Mbali imeneyi, boma ungawonjeze kukula kwa ankafuna mogwira misika ogula ndi kumapangitsanso chikoka cha dera la Kusamuka kwa nzika m'madera ena Russian.

Kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ndalama imene chiyembekezo cha vuto la zachuma a kutali uko kum'mawa zikhoza anazindikira, ndi anaikira mu manja a mabizinesi payekha, umalimbana mgwirizano zaphindu akuluakulu. Yoyenera maganizo pa nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri wotchuka chifukwa ziletso Western ndi Russia. Amalonda ku Russia, amene alibe kuti misika ya kunja chifukwa malamulo yokumba, njira imodzi kapena malangizo wina yofotokoza zochitika zawo mokomera pakuika dziko. Far East akhoza kuchita kwa iwo wokongola dera mbali ya ndalama yaitali zachuma.

mgwirizano wa mayiko mu Far East Russia ndi China

Chidwi ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha Far East kale kusonyeza abwenzi ambiri achilendo la Chitaganya cha Russia. Pakati yaikulu - kumene, China. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 kuchuluka - pamene panalibe ziletso Western - ankadutsa Far East ndi China nkhani madola oposa 12 biliyoni .. Lolingana zizindikiro ndi mwayi uliwonse kukula mofulumira mu malo oyamba, chifukwa cha zifukwa zachilengedwe zachuma, kunena mwa mwayi chitukuko cha Far East, ndipo kachiwiri, chifukwa nzothandiza zina kukula ndi zina la zolowa pakati Russia ndi China chifukwa ziletso Western.

Zikuoneka kuti mu 2020 malonda zolowa pakati China ndi Russia lidzafika $ 200 biliyoni. A kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zikuoneka chidzachitika ntchito Far East, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji pa payipi wotchuka "Mphamvu ya Siberia". Yemweyo amene adzamangira pa zotsatira za mapangano a Russian Federation ndi China, anamaliza mu 2014. Za kuti, kodi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Siberia ndi Far East adzatsegula mogwirizana ndi kusaina pangano zogwirizana mu Mwachidule n'zosatheka kunena. Koma ngati tiyesa - ndi wofuna kwambiri.

Koma bola ngati tipitiriza Far East. limati chiyani ena anenapo yakwana kugwirizana ndi Russia m'chigawo?

Far East ndi South Korea

Korea South ndi chidwi chakuti pamodzi ndi Russia kufufuza mipata anapereka Far East. Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi South Korea zokhudzana makamaka dera mafakitale. Trade zolowa pakati pa maiko awiri mu 2013 kunali kofanana ndi kanjedza kwa Cooperation a kutali uko kum'mawa ndi China, ndipo anakwana za $ 5 biliyoni.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena ntchito ntchito mu Russia anaitanidwa akatswiri ochokera Korea North. Mwina kukhala chinthu zina rapprochement pakati pa mayiko ziwiri zimene mtundu wina amakhala.

Far East, ndipo Korea North

Kwenikweni, mogwirizana pakati pa Russia ndi North Korea amagwiritsidwa mwachangu osauka. Pa zotsatira za 2014 malonda zolowa pakati pa maiko wasonyeza kanjedza wodzichepetsa - za $ 30 miliyoni. Koma ndi pa nthawi yomweyo, 70% kuposa mu 2013. Pafupifupi 25 oimira makampani pamaso Korea North ku Far East. North Korea boma wakhala wosalira kwambiri akugwirizana ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kuti amalonda Russian.

Far East ndi Japan

Japan ali kale wakhala yaikulu malonda bwenzi la Russia. Pamaziko a madera mwa madera chinsinsi kumene mauthenga zogwirizana ndi zomwe zagwiridwa, - Far East. Ziyembekezo chitukuko cha Chirasha Japanese malonda mgwirizano mungathe kwambiri. Koma tsopano, awo kukhazikitsa othandiza angakhale ovuta kwambiri chifukwa chakuti Japan anachimanga ndi ziletso Western. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti mwayi wa normalization wa mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri, ndipo iwo si yoipa.

Kodi mayiko ena zikukangalika ogwirizana Far East? Ziyembekezo chitukuko cha zibwenzi, makamaka Vietnam ndipo Singapore ndi ayesedwa zabwino kwambiri ndi akatswiri. Choncho, malonda zolowa pakati pa maiko awiri mu 2013 analipo okwana pafupifupi $ 300 miliyoni. Mwa njira, palibe mmodzi wa iwo alibe amakonda anthu kutsatira mzere wa West kwa Russia. Choncho, pali mwayi uliwonse wa anapitiriza Russian mgwirizano kukula, Vietnam ndipo Singapore mu Far East. Mu m'tsogolo, mwina m'chigawo kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa Russia ndi mayiko ena - India, Latin America, South Africa.

Far East ndi US

padziko lonse lapansi chuma ndi imodzi ya initiators otchuka ziletso ndi Russia, koma pamaso asapita pakati Russia ndi mayiko Western powonekera mayiko ambiri sakuyenda bwino, chiyembekezo cha mgwirizano wa Russian Federation ndi United States ku Far East aona Akatswiri ambiri mosavuta chenicheni. Kotero anali ndi chidwi American mu yomanga mafakitale mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, zomangamanga, nyumba, kuti aganyali ulimi. N'zovuta kunena, kutali zedi ndi resumption la mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi US mu dera kachiwiri. Koma akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti payekha mabungwe US - mosiyana, mwina, boma US tipitirize kuona Russia monga bwenzi odalirika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mbali ya kukhazikitsa njira zingamuthandize ku Far East.

Far East ndi EAEC

Zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zabwino zimene zingakhudze chitukuko cha Far East - kuphatikiza la chuma cha Russian ndi mayiko EAEC: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia.

Oyenera Area Partnership limati akhoza kulandira mwambo wa ntchito mu madera osiyana a danga wamba zachuma - kuphatikizapo Far East, ngakhale lofunika remoteness Hrs wa gawo ili la Russian Federation ku anagwirizana. Amalonda ochokera m'mayiko EAEC ofufuza akukhulupirira, angakhale bwino kupanga chopereka kwambiri kutukula wa nkhani zachuma a m'dera Russian.

pulogalamu Government

Mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Far East ali kusukulu mlingo boma. Chifukwa cha zaka za ntchito ndi akuluakulu izo zachitika njira ya chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma a kutali uko kum'mawa ndi dera Baikal. Zimenezi anali ovomerezeka mu December 2009. Kuyenera kudziŵika mpaka 2025. Kusanthula mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Asia, boma anapereka ntchitoyo - kupanga dera dongosolo umoyo ndi zachuma, ankatha kupereka mkulu khalidwe la moyo wa nzika kukhalamo.

Kuchuluka okwana ndalama kuti adzakhala allocated msonkhanowu chimachititsa biliyoni 411 rubles. amafuna kulenga 69,9 zikwi ndi mapeto a akamaliza ntchito mu dera ndi kuonjezera buku la GDP mu gawo lolingana Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi nthawi 2.6, voliyumu ya katundu kuwasindikiza -. nthawi 2.3 chiwerengero cha ndalama - 3.5 nthawi, chiwerengero cha nzika a anthu zachuma yogwira - nthawi 1.1.

ntchito Current

Kodi ndi mavuto anakumana ndi boma ndipo ina ku mbali ya chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma a kutali uko kum'mawa pakalipano?

Pakati pa anthu:

- chikusintha chitonthozo cha anthu moyo;

- zolimbikitsa kuwonjezera gawo la kalasi pakati pa zinthu zokhudza anthu a nzika za la Russia, mamembala a Far East District Federal ndi dera Baikal (ndalama ntchito munthu ayenera kukhala osachepera 6 nthawi ang'onoang'ono osachepera);

- Kukwezeleza cadres, kumayambiriro mfundo zatsopano maphunziro;

- kuwonjezera mlingo wa chikoka ndalama derali;

- wamakono wa dongosolo mphamvu;

- chitukuko cha zomangamanga mayendedwe;

- wamakono kachitidwe kulankhulana;

- zolimbikitsa njira ntchito ndi kuchepetsa bureaucracy ndi kuchotsa zopinga zosiyanasiyana;

- kumapangitsa Mwachangu njira malamulo;

- kuwongolera chilengedwe.

Kumene, ntchito kopitirira ntchito boma - kukhala zina mabungwe ndi mabizinesi Russian, maboma ena ndi makampani.

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa mavuto chachikulu komanso chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Kummawa. Dera limeneli lili ndi gwero lalikulu zachilengedwe ndi kuthekera nyengo ndi mulingo woyenera pambali zosiyanasiyana za zinthu geopolitical. Pali chiyembekezo chitukuko zoyendera mu Far East, zomangamanga chikhalidwe, mafakitale, ulimi ndi kumabungwe ena ambiri chuma. Chidwi mogwirizana ndi makampani m'chigawo anasonyeza chuma lalikulu, pafupi ndi iwo - China, Korea South, Vietnam, Singapore.

Mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha vuto la zachuma a kutali uko kum'mawa zikukangalika anaphunzira ofufuza Russian ndi achilendo. Nthaŵi zonse ntchito pa kukhathamiritsa zina mwa njira ya chitukuko mbali yapadera dera. Pankhaniyi, ndi chidwi mgwirizano zaphindu, potengera mwayi wothandiza Far East, kusonyeza mabungwe awiri boma - onse Russian ndi achilendo. The lonse makampani pofuna kukhala mu dera komanso ndife osiyana kwambiri - zingakhale monga mabizinesi lalikulu ndi mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe.