Fayilo dongosolo ndi ... Mawindo a fayilo: ndi chiyani FAT ndi NTFS. Android mafayili dongosolo

Maofesi pamakompyuta amapangidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa pa maziko a mfundo. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa kwawo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatha kupeza bwino uthenga wabwino popanda kudandaula za zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito. Kodi ntchito ya mafayili imayendetsedwa motani? Ndi ziti zomwe zimakonda kwambiri masiku ano? Kodi kusiyana kotani pakati pa mafayili amatengera PC? Ndipo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafoni - mafoni kapena mapiritsi?

Foni Machitidwe: Tanthauzo

Malingana ndi tanthawuzo lotanthauzira, mawonekedwe a fayilo ndi ndondomeko ya machitidwe ndi miyezo yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bungwe lothandizira la wosuta PC ku data zomwe zili pa kompyuta. Akatswiri ena amaona kuti imeneyi ndi mbali ya kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Akatswiri ena a IT, podziwa kuti akugwirizana ndi OS, khulupirirani kuti mafayilo awunivesite ndiwodziimira pazomwe akuyang'anira deta yanu.

Kodi makompyuta ankagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji dongosolo la mafayili lisanayambe? Informatics - monga chidziwitso cha sayansi - adalemba kuti kwa nthawi yaitali kasamalidwe ka deta kanapangidwa mwa kukonza mkati mwa ndondomeko zomwe zinayikidwa pa mapulogalamu ena. Motero, chimodzi mwazofunikira za mawonekedwe a fayilo ndi kupezeka kwa miyezo yomwe ili yofanana ndi mapulogalamu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito deta.

Momwe mafayilo amagwiritsira ntchito

Fayiloyi ndi, poyamba, njira yomwe imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakina a kompyuta. Monga lamulo, tikukamba za maginito kapena laser media - hard disks, CD, DVD, ma drive, ma diskettes omwe sanafikepo. Kuti mumvetse momwe machitidwe ogwirizanirana amagwirira ntchito, tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri fayilo lenileni lomwelo.

Malingana ndi tanthawuzo lodziwika pakati pa akatswiri a IT, iyi ndi malo ofunika kwambiri a deta omwe amasonyezedwa muzomwe zimayambira. Fayiloyi ili pamtundu wa disk, kawirikawiri mwa mawonekedwe angapo ophatikizana omwe ali ndi "aderesi" yopezeka. Mawonekedwe a fayilo amatsimikizira izi molumikizana kwambiri ndipo "amawafotokozera" iwo, komanso, OS. Amene mwanzeru amamasulira deta yoyenera kwa wosuta. Pali mwayi wopeza deta kuti muwerenge, kuwongolera, kulenga zatsopano. Makhalidwe enieni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "makonzedwe" a maofesi angakhale osiyana. Zimadalira mtundu wa makompyuta, OS, ndondomeko ya data yosungidwa ndi zina. Choncho, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafayilo. Mmodzi wa iwo ali opangidwira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu OS ena kapena kugwira ntchito ndi mtundu wina wa deta.

Kusintha kwa disk pakati kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ndondomeko ya fayilo yapadera imatchedwa formatting. Zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mafayilo a disk - zimakonzekera zojambula zojambulazo pa mafayilo, komanso kuziwerenga molingana ndi miyezo yomwe ilipoyi kapena dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka deta. Ndingasinthe bwanji mawonekedwe a fayilo? Nthaŵi zambiri, izi zingatheke pokhapokha mutasintha zosungiramo zosungirako. Monga lamulo, mafayilo achotsedwa. Komabe, pali njira yomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapulogalamu apadera, ngakhale kuti izi zimafuna nthawi yochuluka, kusintha ndondomeko yoyendetsa deta, ndikusiya zomwezo zisanathenso.

Mafayilo a mafayilo samagwira ntchito popanda zolakwika. Zina zolephereka pakupanga ntchito ndi zolemba zamatope n'zotheka. Koma nthawi zambiri amatsutsa. Monga lamulo, palibe mavuto ndi momwe mungakonzere mafayilo, konzani zolakwika. Mu Windows, chifukwa ichi, makamaka, pali njira zothandizira pulogalamu zamakono zomwe zilipo kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, monga, pulogalamu ya "Disk Check".

Zosiyanasiyana

Ndi mitundu yanji ya mafayilo omwe angatchulidwe kwambiri? Mwinamwake, choyamba mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi OS otchuka kwambiri kwa PC pa dziko lapansi ndi Mawindo. Mawindo akuluakulu a mawindo a Windows ali FAT, FAT32, NTFS ndi kusintha kwawo kosiyanasiyana. Pamodzi ndi makompyuta, matelefoni ndi mapiritsi akhala akudziwika. Ambiri a iwo, ngati tikulankhula za msika wapadziko lonse ndipo sitingaganize kusiyana pakati pa masewera a sayansi, akulamulidwa ndi Android ndi iOS. Machitidwe awa amagwiritsira ntchito machitidwe awo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi deta, zosiyana ndi zomwe zimaimira mawonekedwe a Windows.

Miyezo imatsegulidwa kwa onse

Onani kuti posachedwapa pamsika wamakono padziko lapansi pali mgwirizano wa zikhalidwe pambali yogwiritsira ntchito OS ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta. Izi zikhoza kutchulidwa mu mbali ziwiri. Choyamba, pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyana ya OS, pulogalamu yomweyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagwirizana ndi OS. Chachiwiri, machitidwe atsopano a OS, monga lamulo, amatha kuzindikira osati machitidwe okhawo a mafayilo, komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma OSes ena - onse kudzera m'zinthu zowonjezeredwa komanso pothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu ena. Mwachitsanzo, Mabaibulo amasiku ano, monga malamulo, amadziwa mosavuta mawonekedwe a mafayilo a Windows.

Maonekedwe a mawonekedwe a fayilo

Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a mafayilo amafotokozedwa mokwanira, amagwira ntchito mofanana pazinthu zofanana (zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa) komanso m'zinthu zofanana. Taganizirani izi. Kodi zinthu zazikuluzikulu za fayiloyi ndi zotani?

Chimodzi mwa mafungulo ndi kabukhu. Ndi malo osungirako deta omwe maofesi angathe kuikidwa. Mndandanda wa maofesiwa ndi olamulira. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Chotsatira chimodzi kapena zambiri chikhoza kuikidwa kwinakwake. Chimene, ndichonso, ndi mbali ya "wamkulu". Chofunika kwambiri "ndi" mndandanda wa mizu. Ngati tilankhula za mfundo zomwe maziko a Windows mafayilo amagwira ntchito - 7, 8, XP kapena malemba ena, - mndandanda wa mizu ndi disk yodalirika, yotchulidwa ndi kalata - kawirikawiri C, D, E (koma mungathe kukonza chilichonse chomwe chiri Chilembo cha Chingerezi). Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, Linux OS, ndiye buku la mizu ndi maginito osakaniza. Muzitsulo izi ndi zina OS, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zake - kuti ndi Android - disks zomveka sagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kodi ndingasunge mafayilo opanda mauthenga? Inde. Koma izi sizili bwino. Ndipotu, chitonthozo pogwiritsa ntchito PC ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonjezera mfundo yogawa deta mu makina a mafayilo. Mwa njira, iwo akhoza kutchedwa mosiyana. Mu Windows, mauthenga amatchedwa mafoda, mu Linux - mofanana. Koma mwambo, womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, dzina la zolembera mu OS iyi ndi "zolemba". Monga momwe kale Windows ndi Linux OS - DOS, Unix.

Mu chikhalidwe cha akatswiri a IT alibe lingaliro lodziwika kuti ngati akulingalira fayilo ngati gawo la dongosolo lofanana. Anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti izi sizolondola kutsutsa maganizo awo ndi kuti dongosolo likhoza kukhala popanda mafayilo. Lolani izo kuchokera mu lingaliro lothandiza ndi lopanda pake. Ngakhale ngati palibe mafayilo olembedwa pa diski, dongosolo lofanana likhoza kukhalapobe. Monga lamulo, maginito omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo alibe ma fayilo. Koma iwo ali kale ndi dongosolo lofanana. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, mafayilo ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi mbali yofunikira ya kayendetsedwe kawo. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndipo chifukwa, malinga ndi akatswiri, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti zigwiritse ntchito ndi mafayilo m'zinthu zina. Machitidwe sali opangidwira china chirichonse.

Chinthu china chimene chiripo mu machitidwe ambiri a mafayilo ndi njira yokhayokha. Ndi deta yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chokhudza malo a fayilo yapadera. Izi ndizo, mungathe kukhazikitsa njira yochepa pa malo amodzi a disk, koma mungapereke mwayi wopeza deta yomwe ili mu gawo lina la ma TV. Kuti muone kuti zidulezo ndizo zonse zomwe zili mu fayiloyi, mungathe, ngati mutavomereza kuti zoterezi ndizowona.

Njira imodzi sizingakhale kulakwitsa kunena kuti mitundu itatu yonse ya deta, detafupi ndi zolembera - ndizo zomwe zimayenderana. Zosavuta, izi zikugwirizana ndi chimodzi mwazowonazo. Mbali yofunika kwambiri yomwe imasonyeza momwe maofesi amayendera ndi mfundo zotchulira mafayilo ndi mauthenga.

Maina a mafayilo ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana

Ngati tavomereza kuti mafayilo ali ndi zinthu zomwezo zofanana, ndiye kuti tifunika kuganizira momwe zimayambira. Kodi tingadziwe chiyani poyamba? Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wopezeka kwa iwo m'zinthu zamakono zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito, mawonekedwe a ma-awiri omwe ali ndi mayina apangidwe amaperekedwa. Mbali yoyamba ndilo dzina. Yachiwiri ndi kukula. Tengani fayilo ya nyimbo Dance.mp3. Dina ndilo dzina. Mp3 - kutambasula. Yoyamba ndiyo kufotokoza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu fayilo (ndipo pulogalamuyo ikhale malo olembera mwamsanga). Yachiwiri ikuimira mtundu wa fayilo. Ngati ndi Mp3, ndiye kuti n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti ndi za nyimbo. Mafayilo ndi Doc extension ndizolembedwa, Jpg - zithunzi, Html - masamba.

Zolinga zamakono, zowonjezera, zimakhala ndi dongosolo limodzi lamasamba. Iwo ali ndi udindo wokha, palibe kukula. Ngati tilankhula za kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kayendetsedwe ka deta, chinthu choyamba chomwe chiyenera kuwerengedwera ndi momwe maina a maina ndi mauthenga omwe akuyankhira akugwiritsidwira ntchito. Ponena za Windows, ndondomekoyi ndi yotsatira. Mu njira yotchuka kwambiri ya opaleshoni, mafayilo angatchulidwe m'chinenero chilichonse. Kutalika kwa kutalika, komabe, ndi kotere. Nthawi yake yapadera imadalira kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka data. Kawirikawiri izi ziri pakati pa malemba 200 ndi 260.

Lamulo la machitidwe onse ogwiritsira ntchito ndi machitidwe awo ofanana ndi kayendedwe ka data ndikuti mafayilo omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo sangathe kukhala m'ndandanda yomweyo. Mu Linux, pali mtundu wina wa "ufulu" wa lamuloli. Muwongolera umodzi pakhoza kukhala owona ali ndi makalata omwewo, koma mu zolemba zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Dance, Dance.mp3 ndi DANCE.mp3. Mu Windows, izi n'zosatheka. Momwemonso malamulo omwewo amakhazikitsidwa poyika mauthenga oyendetsera mkati mwa ena.

Kulemba mafayilo ndi mauthenga

Kulemba mafayilo ndi mauthengawa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo lofanana. Mu Windows, machitidwe ake angayang'ane ngati awa: C: / Documents / Music / ndilo mwayi wolembera nyimbo. Ngati tikufuna fayilo yapadera, adilesiyi ingawonekere monga: C: /Documents/Music/Dance.mp3. Nchifukwa chiyani "mwambo"? Chowonadi ndi chakuti pa mlingo wa mapulogalamu a pulogalamu ya hardware ya zigawo zikuluzikulu za makompyuta momwe kukhazikitsa kwa maelo kuli kovuta kwambiri. Fayiloyi imapanga malo omwe amalembera mafayilo ndipo imagwirizanitsa ndi OS makamaka gawo la ntchito zomwe zimabisika kwa wosuta. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti wogwiritsa ntchito PC azigwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ena a "adresi". Pafupifupi nthawi zonse kupeza mafayilo kumachitika muyezo woyenera.

Kuyerekeza kwa mafayilo mawindo a Windows

Tinaphunzira mfundo zambiri za kayendedwe ka mafayilo. Tiyeni tione tsopano zizindikiro za mitundu yawo yofala kwambiri. Mu Windows, mafayilo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi FAT, FAT32, NTFS, ndi exFAT. Yoyamba mu mndandandawu ikuwoneka kuti yaying'ono. Komabe, kwa nthawi yaitali anali mtsogoleri wina wa mafakitale, koma monga luso la PC linakula kuti lithe kukwanitsa kukwaniritsa zofuna za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zofunikira za pulogalamuyi.

Kuitanidwa kuti idzalowe m'malo mwa FAT mafoni dongosolo ndi FAT32. Malingana ndi akatswiri ambiri a IT, tsopano ndi otchuka kwambiri, ngati tikulankhula za msika wa PC wothamanga Windows. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pozisunga mafayilo pa disks zovuta ndi magetsi. Zingathenso kuzindikira kuti dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka deta likugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'magulu am'manja a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi - matelefoni, makamera. Chofunika chachikulu cha FAT32, chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi akatswiri a IT, kotero ndizosinthika. Ngakhale kuti fayiloyi yakhazikitsidwa ndi Microsoft, ambiri a OS amakono, kuphatikizapo omwe amaikidwa pazinthu zamagetsi zamtundu uwu, akhoza kugwira ntchito ndi deta mkati mwa chikhazikitso cha ndondomeko zowonjezera mmenemo.

Pali zolephera zingapo mu dongosolo la FAT32. Choyamba, mungathe kuona kuchepa kwa kukula kwa fayilo imodzi - sizingakhale 4 GB. Ndiponso, mu dongosolo la FAT32, simungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zowonjezera zowonjezera ma Windows kuti zitsimikizire disk yodabwitsa , kukula kwake komwe kungakhale kwakukulu kuposa 32 GB. Koma izi zingatheke mwa kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ena enieni.

Njira ina yosungirako mafayilo omwe Microsoft idapangidwa ndi NTFS. Malingana ndi akatswiri ena a IT, iwo amaposa FAT32 mu magawo ambiri. Koma mfundo iyi ndi yowona, ngati tikukamba za ntchito ya kompyuta yothamanga pa Windows. Ndondomeko ya NTFS siyonse yambiri monga FAT32. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilowa sikukhala bwino, makamaka, mu zipangizo zamagetsi. Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri cha NFTS ndicho kudalirika kwake. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi imene hard disk imachotsa mphamvu, zowonongeka kuti mafayilo adzawonongedwa, chifukwa cha kubwereza kwa deta zomwe zaperekedwa mu NTFS.

Imodzi mwa mafayilo atsopano a mafayilo ochokera ku Microsoft ndi exFAT. Icho chimapangidwira bwino kwa zoyendetsa zowunikira. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito mmenemo zili zofanana ndi FAT32, koma palinso kusintha kwakukulu pazinthu zina: mwachitsanzo, palibe malire pa kukula kwa fayilo imodzi. Panthaŵi yomweyi, dongosolo la exFAT, momwe ambiri amadziwitsira a COMP, ali pakati pa iwo omwe ali otsika kwambiri. Pa makompyuta omwe akuthamangitsa OSes osati Windows, kugwira ntchito ndi mafayilo pogwiritsira ntchito exFAT kungakhale kovuta. Komanso, ngakhale m'mabaibulo ena a Windows enieni, monga XP, deta pamasikisi opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a exFAT sangathe kuwerengeka. Muyenera kukhazikitsa dalaivala yowonjezera.

Dziwani kuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo osiyanasiyana pa Windows, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akhoza kuthana ndi mavuto nthawi ndi nthawi mogwirizana ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi kompyuta. Nthaŵi zina, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukhazikitsa WPD file system driver (Windows Portable Devices). Nthawi zina sizingakhale pafupi kwa wosuta, kotero kuti sing'anga yosungirako kunja silingathe kuzindikira OS. Dongosolo la mafayilo a WPD lingapange zina zowonjezera zamapulogalamu kuti zitsatire zochitika pa kompyuta. Nthawi zina, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakakamizidwa kuti ayankhule ndi akatswiri a IT kuti athetse vutoli.

Momwe mungasankhire ma fayilo - exFAT kapena NTFS, ndipo mwinamwake FAT32 - ndi yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina? Malingaliro a akatswiri a IT omwe ali ndi awa. Njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Malingana ndi yoyamba, muyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawonekedwe a mafayili a hard disks, komanso omwe angasinthidwe kuti ayendetse kuyendetsa. FAT ndi FAT32, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndi oyenerera "magalimoto oyendera", NTFS - chifukwa cha ma drive ovuta (chifukwa cha zinthu zamakono zogwira ntchito ndi deta).

Mu njira yachiwiri, phindu ndi mtengo wa nthandala. Pankhani ntchito mlingo wochepa wa galimoto kapena USB galimoto, mukhoza mtundu iwo FAT32 dongosolo. Ngati litayamba ndi zazikulu, mungayesere exFAT. Koma ngati sukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito atolankhani makompyuta ena, makamaka pomwe pali Baibulo zaposachedwapa mawindo. Pankhani abulusa lalikulu zovuta, kuphatikizapo kunja, ndiye iwo ayenera Onani m'magazini mu NTFS. Mozungulira i amenewa ndi amene mulingo woyenera dongosolo file akhoza anasankha - exFAT kapena NTFS, FAT32. Kapena kuti ntchito aliyense wa iwo ayenera kuperekedwa TV kukula, mtundu ndi buku la Os limene pagalimoto zimagwiritsa ntchito.

dongosolo wapamwamba kwa Mac

Ena otchuka hardware ndi mapulogalamu nsanja mu dziko makompyuta - Macintosh ku Apple. PC wa mzere uwu ndi kuthamanga Mac Os opaleshoni dongosolo. ndi mbali ya gulu la kugwira ntchito ndi owona mu Kodi ndi Mac? Mu ma PC zambiri zamakono ntchito ndi Apple file dongosolo Mac Os yaitali. Kale Mac makompyuta ntchito deta anakwanitsa malinga ndi muyezo HFS.

Chinthu chachikulu kuti akhoza taonera mbali ya makhalidwe ake: ndi chimbale, amene amalamulidwa ndi dongosolo file ndi Mac Os yaitali, owona akhoza adzaikidwa lalikulu kwambiri - tingathe kulankhula za terabytes miliyoni angapo.

Dongosolo file mu Android-zipangizo

Wotchuka kwambiri opaleshoni dongosolo kwa mafoni zipangizo - monga zomangamanga pakompyuta, si wochepa ndi kutchuka kwa PC - ndi Android. Kodi kasamalidwe owona pa chipangizo cha mtundu yoyenera? Ife woyamba dziwani kuti opaleshoni dongosolo - makamaka "mafoni" anatengera wa Linux opaleshoni dongosolo, amene, chifukwa cha lotseguka mapulogalamu malamulo zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi cholinga ntchito zosiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri zipangizo. Choncho, file kasamalidwe mu mafoni zipangizo akuthamanga Android ikuchitika ambiri mfundo mofanana mu Linux. Ena mwa iwo taonera pamwambapa. Makamaka owona mu Linux kasamalidwe ikuchitika popanda kugawa atolankhani ku abulusa zomveka, monga amachita mu Windows. Kodi chidwi ndi wapamwamba dongosolo Android?

Muzu lowongolera Android, monga ulamuliro, ndi malo a deta, amatchedwa / mnt. Choncho, adiresi ya file ungaoneke ngati izi: /mnt/sd/photo.jpg. Komanso, pali mbali ina ya dongosolo kasamalidwe deta kuti akuyendera Os yam'manja. chakuti kung'anima kukumbukira devaysa zambiri wachinsinsi m'zigawo zingapo, monga Mwachitsanzo, System kapena Data. Pa nthawi yomweyo, imene inapatsidwa kukula kwa aliyense wa iwo sizingasinthidwe. Akhakula kufanizira Pofotokoza ndondomeko angapezeke podziwa kuti simungathe (ngati inu ntchito mapulogalamu) kuti musinthe kukula kwa abulusa zomveka mu Windows. Izo ziyenera lokhazikika.

Chinthu china chochititsa chidwi cha gulu la ntchito ndi owona mu Android - yoyenera opaleshoni dongosolo zambiri analemba deta zatsopano dera la chimbale cha - Data. Yobu Mwachitsanzo, System gawo si ikuchitika. Choncho, pamene wosuta imayendetsa mapulogalamu Yambitsaninso ntchito ya foni yanu kapena piritsi ndi "fakitale", mu Zochita izi zikutanthauza kuti owona amene ali m'dera Data, chabe zidzachotsedwa. Gawo System, monga ulamuliro, akhala sichinasinthe. Komanso, kusintha iliyonse zili ku System wosuta, popanda mapulogalamu, akhoza kusonyeza. Ndondomeko kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe m'dera sing'anga mu zida Android-pomwe, wotchedwa reinsertion. Izi si mtundu, koma ntchito zonse nthawi zambiri ikuchitika imodzi. Childs, zikuthwanima ntchito kukhazikitsa pa foni Baibulo yamtunduwu Android Os.

Choncho, mfundo zikuluzikulu pa maziko amene amayendetsa Android file dongosolo - chosowa abulusa zomveka, komanso okhwima zosiyanasiyana kupeza dongosolo ndi wosuta deta. Sitingathe kunena kuti njira imeneyi ndi mwapadera kuyambira akuyendera Windows, koma, monga ambiri-akatswiri opaleshoni dongosolo kwa Microsoft owerenga pali ufulu penapake kwambiri polimbana ndi owona. Komabe, monga akatswiri ena izi zikhoza kukhala lomveka mwayi Windows. "Osaumira" ulamuliro mu file kasamalidwe mbali amachita kumene, osati owerenga, komanso tizilombo computer, kumene Windows amakhudzidwa kwambiri (monga kuyenera Linux ndiponso "mafoni" kukhazikitsa Android). Izi, akatswiri amanena, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene mavairasi kwa Android-zipangizo zochepa - mwangwiro kwa mfundo zamakono maganizo, iwo angathe ntchito malo opaleshoni, ntchito mfundo ya ziyang'aniridwe kupeza owona.