Fodya ndi chiyani? Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matendawa

Kugwiritsira ntchito ndi dzina losasinthika la chifuwa chodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse. Izi ndi matenda aakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ziwalo zowonjezereka zimagonjetsedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mycobacteria m'matumbo ambiri, koma chifuwa chachikulu cha maso, mafupa ndi mafupa, ma lymph nodes ndi zipatala zimapezeka mchipatala.

Ziwerengero

Matendawa anali ambiri m'dziko la Russia. Nthawi zambiri anthu osauka kwambiri amadwala matendawa, omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuwuka kwakukulu kwa imfa kuchokera ku matendawa kunachitika m'zaka za XVIII-XIX. Chakudya chofulumira m'zaka za zana la 19 chinakhala mliri weniweni wa dziko, umene umatenga miyanda miyanda miyoyo pachaka. Panthawi imeneyo, anthu asanu ndi awiri onse okhala ku Ulaya anali kufa chifukwa cha matendawa.

Pakatikati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, kudyetsedwa kunapitirirabe kukhala matenda ofala m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Pakali pano, malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, pali anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni padziko lapansi omwe akunyalanyaza, ndipo mamiliyoni asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Chaka chilichonse anthu oposa 1 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha zakudya, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni amadwala nawo.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Anthu akale ankaganiza kuti kumwa mankhwalawa ndi matenda opatsirana, chifukwa anthu omwe adayang'anira odwala posakhalitsa anayamba kudzivulaza. Maganizo osiyanasiyana anapangidwa za mtundu wa matendawa, koma onse anali osasamala.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwakukulu kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha matendawa kunakwaniritsidwa m'zaka za zana la 19. Cholinga chachikulu pa izi ndi asayansi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse monga Jean-Antoine Vilmie, Renee-Theophile Lannek ndi Robert Koch. Kotero, Lannack adapanga njira yotengera njira zamatenda, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito stethoscope yomwe iye adayambitsa. Wilman anatha kutsimikizira kuti kumwa mowa umatengeka. Ndipo mu 1882, Kokh anapeza chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium, chomwe chinadzatchedwa pambuyo pake. Choncho, masiku ano, kumwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

Kwa zaka 8 chigwiridwe cha bacillus chitatha, Koch anayesera kuyambitsa matenda a chifuwa cha TB. Zotsatira zomwe zinapezeka zinathandiza kwambiri osati mankhwala okha, komanso kupewa matendawa.

Mbali za matendawa

Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi Mycobacterium TB, yomwe kwa nthawi yaitali (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) ikhoza kukhala yowonjezereka ndikuyamba kukana mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Gwero la kachilombo ndi munthu wonyamula chifuwa chachikulu. Monga lamulo, matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga, koma chiwopsezo cha TB chimadutsa m'matumbo ngati nyama kapena mkaka kuchokera ku ziweto zonyansa zimatha.

M'magulu amene tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha, timapanga mawonekedwe a kutupa omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa poizoni. Ndi mphamvu yambiri yotsutsa chitetezo cha m'mimba, awa amatha kuwerengera. Pansi pa zovuta, chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpanda wotchedwa necrosis.

Fodya: zizindikiro

Kugwiritsa ntchito kungasonyezedwe ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha . Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi nthawi zambiri kumalekerera ndi wodwala mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri sazimva. Kawirikawiri masana, kutentha kumakhalabe kozoloŵera, ndipo madzulo, kwa kanthawi kochepa, pali kuwonjezeka kwa 1 kapena 2 madigiri, ndipo kulumpha koteroko kuli kosakhazikika ndipo kumachitika kawiri pa sabata.
• Kuwonjezeka thukuta . Odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu pamayambiriro a matendawa amadandaula kuti thukuta limakhala pamutu ndi mutu. Chizindikiro cha "mtolo wothira" kapena thukuta kwambiri chingathe kuonedwa ndi miliary chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu komanso mitundu yambiri ya zakudya.
• Kupuma pang'ono . Maungulo sangathe kupereka thupi ndi mpweya wokwanira, choncho ngakhale panthawi yochepa thupi, kupuma pang'ono kumachitika.
• Kukuda . Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, chifuwa chotere sichitha, odwala amangozindikira kuti chifuwa chimapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi. Chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa chimakhala choipitsitsa ndipo chingakhale chosabereka (chouma) komanso chopatsa mphamvu (ndi chitetezo chamatope). Chifuwa chouma chimakhala choyambirira pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko, pamene chifuwa chachikulu chimayendera limodzi ndi chifuwa cha akalulu.
• Hemoplegia . Kawirikawiri chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu , chimfine-cavernous infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis . Monga lamulo, hemoptysis imatha pang'onopang'ono, koma atapatsidwa magazi atsopano, wodwala akupitirizabe kutsokomola mdima wambiri kwa masiku angapo.
• Ululu mu chifuwa . Kawirikawiri amadziwika akamakokera. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kupatula m'mapapo, chiwonongeko chinakhudza mapepala okhutira.

Nthawi yoyamba ya zizindikiro

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi matenda omwe sangathe kumverera kwa nthawi yaitali. Thupi la anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka limatha kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamene likulepheretsa kukula kwake. Komabe, matendawa sasiya thupi, koma amangopita mawonekedwe opanda ntchito. Munthuyo sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso, kumwa kwake sikungayambe konse. Koma chitetezo chitangotayika, matendawa akhoza kusandulika kukhala mawonekedwe ogwira ntchito. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kudzimva pakapita miyezi, ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri.

Mbali za mankhwala

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi matenda omwe amafunikira mankhwala ovuta, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vitamini mankhwala. Kuti kuchira kwa wodwalayo kumafuna kulamulira kamodzi kambirimbiri mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito TB, chifukwa zotsatira zenizeni za mankhwala osiyanasiyana zingathe kuwononga ndodo za Koch. Njira yaikulu yolimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pakadutsa mliri wa matendawa, kupatsirana opaleshoni kumalimbikitsidwa - kugwirizanitsa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Masiku ano, kumwa ndi matenda ochiritsidwa. Chinthu chachikulu pa nthawi imodzi ndi kukumbukira kuti kale matendawa adawululidwa, ndizowonjezereka kuchotsa izo.