Frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" Project 22350

Bulu - gawo la mayiko okha zotsogola asilikali ndi otukuka. Mugule ngalawa, koma kulenga zofunikira lonse Sikuti kuti apambane. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mkhalidwe wa makampani shipbuilding m'dziko lathu anachititsa kuya chisoni Anthuwa: zombo zatsopano osati kumangidwa, akale pang'onopang'ono Kutukula lapansi. Mwamwayi, zinthu pang'onopang'ono anayamba kusintha. Chitsimikizo zithunzi - Frigate "asilikali Gorshkov".

Iwo unayambitsidwa pa October 29, 2010. mwambo umenewu ndi wapadera kuti si sitima yoyamba anapezerapo pambuyo Union, komanso chitsanzo woyamba wa mtundu uwu wa sayansi, yokonzedwa "kuchokera zikande" popanda zachitika Soviet.

Mbiri ya

Chikadzangotha dziko nazo ndalama kwa analamula pulogalamu yatsopano shipbuilding, izo zinaika ndipo anayambitsa ntchito ya sitima zapamadzi 955, 885 ndi 667. Posakhalitsa, pamapeto a zombo pamwamba. Latsopano frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" Project 22350 analengedwa ndi akatswiri KB "North". Chief mlengi wa polojekiti anali P.M.Shrayko. Bookmark chombo chinachitika mu 2006. Monga akhoza ankayembekezera frigate loyamba Project 22350 anamanga yaitali anafuna, koma shipbuilders anatha kusunga nthawi wololera, ngakhale mavuto onse.

latsopano chombo kapangidwe analengedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa mu 2003. Pamene, m'chaka cha 2005, ntchito yomanga ake anatchedwa wachifundo anthu, anapeza atatu chabe yaikulu wojambula amene kwambiri ngati kuti tidbit amenewa mulibe mpikisano, "Severnaya Verf", "Amber" ndi "Sevmash". Pomaliza, ufulu kumanga zotsala kwa St. Petersburg, "Severnaya Verf". Zochitika zasonyeza kuti anali mwanzeru.

Kufunika Project 22350 zombo za chitetezo ndi dziko

Icho chakhala anadabwa mawu gombe la dziko amakhala monga kutalika kwake, ndipo mtunda wake kovuta. zombo wathu ndi vuto kuti zikuphatikizapo ya makhalidwe abwino ndi mwaukadaulo zombo lotha, zomwe zinachitikira yaikulu adani angathe sitingapeze kapena kuteteza chotero lalikulu, kapena ngakhale bwinobwino kucheza ndi zina ndi zina nthambi iliyonse ya Russian apanyanja. Frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" Against maziko awa, ndi mu malo zaphindu, chifukwa Mipikisano cholinga nkhondowo unit.

Choncho, Russia mu nthawi yaifupi zofunika madzi kuchepetsa mmene ndingathere la zombo zamakono Coast Alonda zomwe zili ndi Sam ogwira ndi RCC. Izi zidzathandiza kuti amange yachibadwa chitetezo Coast, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito toyesa zodula zida. Mofananamo United States ali lero. Utsogoleri lankhondo la dziko monga nthawi tikunena yomanga ambiri ziwiya zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo ndi zinchito, anafuna kuteteza madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Tikumbukenso kuti Black Sea zombo ali ofunika kwambiri makamaka mu iwo. Popeza kuti izi ndi gulu lathu ndi pa mtunda waukulu fleets ena kumenyana. Pa "kasamalidwe" wa Ukrainians m'dziko Crimea, pali pafupifupi palibe zachilendo machitidwe mpweya chitetezo ndi chida chitetezo. Ndipo amene anatsala ku zosatheka angathandize kutchinjiriza ndi zotheka mdani kuponya otsala gawo. Sitimayo yekha kuti kwambiri kapena zochepa limafanana ndi flagship wa ntchito Black Sea zombo, GvRKr 1164,5 "Moscow". Osati kokha kuti iye ali mmodzi, chomwechonso kumenyana dongosolo galimoto mwachionekere Kodi ziyeneretso ano.

Iwo anakhazikitsa dongosolo la S-300F "Fort" imene kwathunthu ogwirizana ndi "dziko" odana ndi ndege chida zovuta S-300PS. Kutalika pazipita mipherezero kumenya - mpaka makilomita 27. Pa nthawi yomweyo, inu mukhoza analanda mpaka mipherezero mpweya asanu pa mtunda wa makilomita 90. Monga mukuonera, palibe chabwino, mphamvu mpweya chitetezo chathu mu dera latsopano la Federation sangathe kudzitama. Zinali kuti vutoli anayamba kumanga tima mtundu watsopano wa zombo zaka zapitazi, ndipo mmodzi wa chidwi kwambiri basi frigate womwewo wa ntchito 22350 "asilikali Gorshkov".

Otherness

ngalawa ndi zabwino chifukwa lakonzedwa kuti ntchito zonse pafupi ndi kutali zone nyanja, komanso kuchita ntchito kunkhondo ku malo zikuluzikulu. Kusamutsidwa - za 4,500 matani, kutalika pazipita - osachepera 130 m, m'lifupi alumikizana pa mfundo zake linafalitsidwa kwambiri - mamita 16. Kutalika Maphunzirowa - zoposa zikwi zinayi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda, nyengo ya navigation si zochepa. Kuwonjezera wamphamvu zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo, pali nsanja kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhondowo ndege (Ka-28).

Mwazina, frigate "Gorshkov" ndi wapadera kuti osachepera 30% ya umisiri kwathunthu ndi zipangizo ntchito pomanga ake. Nawo ku America, chakudya superstructure ndi wheelhouse analengedwa ndi luso "chozemba" limene limapereka kubalalika amphamvu mafunde Rada, kuonetsetsa digiri yapamwamba mwachinsinsi sitimayo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti digiri mwachinsinsi mapulani ake anali "pa mlingo": za maonekedwe a "asilikali" anadziwika kokha kwa okonza ndi shipbuilders. atolankhani sanali zinawukhira kuti afunika lapansi.

airborne armament

Frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" (chithunzi 2014 ndi umboni wokwanira) amanyamula pa bolodi ndi chidwi dongosolo nkhondo. Pamafunikanso batire lonse nkhondo odana sitima ( "udzudzu"), ndi likungosonyeza wa mfuti phiri 130 mm (mlingo wa zipolopolo 30 pa mphindi), ndi odana ndi chida chida batire ndi odana ndi zovuta. Choncho, frigate polojekiti 22350 "asilikali Gorshkov" n'chosiyana chidwi kutetezedwa ndi kuyima awo vuto lililonse.

ASW sitimayo chitetezo

ASW imakhala manja awiri kuyambira maofesi Medvedka-2. Iwo zili mu gawo pakati za m'chombo. Aliyense Launcher mlandu mivi anayi ndi chiongoko yogwira. Pakuti kudziwika zombo za adani sitima zapamadzi sonar dongosolo Yankho "Zarya-M." Kenako iwo anakonza m'malo mtundu wa okwerera pa analogi wake patsogolo, "vignette-M."

Kapangidwe ka zipangizo izi zikuphatikizapo ndi mlongoti kusintha (GPBA) ndi chopatsilira amene angapereke ogwira kudziwika sitima zankhondo otsika phokoso m'badwo wotsiriza. Mwazina, dongosolo lomwelo angathandize kudziwa torpedoes ndi zombo padziko mdani pa mtunda wa 60 Km. Choncho, kuti gwetsa ndi frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" pogwiritsa ntchito yachibadwa oponya kuukira kovuta.

Chitetezo cha ndege zankhondo

Yapadera lenileni la chombo ndi kukhazikitsa 3S14U1 (UKSK). Kumene chida. Lamavutoli wapadera ake "omnivorous": akhoza m'malo pa zida nthawi iliyonse, kuchititsa chombo mfundo adzakhala kusintha. Komanso, muyenera kuganizira makhalidwe a odana ndege, "Rif-M." Kundiuza kuti pa TV amangonena kuti "Poliment-Redoute."

Apitirizebe Ena chidwi moyo ntchito "Reef" si wosiyana, koma kwathunthu ogwirizana ndi dziko "Vityaz". Kumene, ndi pa dzanja yoyendetsa sitima, ndi kudziko lawo "anzake" monga zida akhoza recharged pafupifupi paliponse pali mpweya chitetezo. Pofuna kusiya adani zouluka zosatheka, ngalawayo komanso anaika mtundu watsopano wa Rada, yodziwika ndi ntchito mkulu m'madera a kuzindikira mwamsanga ndege.

Udindo zinayi phased lomenyera (AESA) "Poliment". Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti zombo za tsogolo la mtundu uwu chidzamasulidwa limodzi dongosolo moto ulamuliro, komanso dongosolo la A-192 ndi Zach "Broadsword." Mwa njira kulankhula kale kale anaika pa frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" (umene uli ndi chithunzi m'nkhani). ntchito yawo ndi kuphimba ndodo adakwera Ka 28 pamene kuvula ndi ndegeyo. mbali zonse nkhondowo ntchito mu dera limodzi, atetezedwe odalirika ku frigate nkhondowo ndege Helicopters.

Dera zoteteza mwina zotumiza mu "njira" wina analanda ndi kutsogolera yomweyo 16 zouluka zinthu. Makamaka pamene kuwombera kudutsana - mpaka roketi limodzi pa mphindi. Ngakhale ngati munthu adzatha kubooleza 22350 frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" adzakhala pafupifupi ndithu kugogoda naye kunja kwa kachitidwe zida zankhondo. Kuphatikiza basi mfuti likungosonyeza 130 mamilimita ndi dongosolo basi malangizo - chinthu choyipa. Musaiwale za mphamvu pa bolodi nkhondo pakompyuta, okhoza kupondereza pafupifupi mwathunthu kachitidwe ka kompyuta motsogozedwa mivi mdani. Izi kwambiri osati kumawonjezera mlingo wa chitetezo "asilikali", komanso akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa katundu ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mu vuto nkhondo.

Ndipo pa armament odana ndege

Si kale inali kudziŵika kuti MNIIRE "Altair" m'kati mwa kukhala latsopano ang'ono-kakulidwe dongosolo, oyesa kuteteza Zombo Zankhondo ndi kusamuka kwa 1000 matani mamiliyoni 4.5. Watsopano odana ndi ndege mfuti adzakhala zochokera bwino kutsimikiziridwa Sam "Rif-M." Amaganiza kuti ntchito 9M96E maroketi, osiyana homing udakali inertial chandamale loko dongosolo. Kuphatikiza kachitidwe adzalenga chida moona aakulu, waluso kukakumana Ndege yotha ndi Mwina mkulu kulephera.

Izi isiyana mpikisano frigate "asilikali Gorshkov". Photos chombo amatha yomweyo kutsimikizira kuti akatswiri kuti amatha mosavuta ambiri a nkhondowo ndege ayenera mdani.

magetsi

Ambiri, n'zosadabwitsa: dizilo mafuta chopangira mphamvu zomera, amene mphamvu ndi za 65 000 HP Limakhudza CODAG injini mtundu dizilo yokha wa banja DGTA M55MR (zonse mu nyumba yomweyo). njira kapangidwe walola kuphatikiza ndi mkulu pazipita mphamvu ndi dzuwa kwambiri pamene galimoto pa liwiro otsika (mayesero nyanja ya frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" ndi yasonyeza).

Gasi chopangira mphamvu wagawo ili mu chipinda patsogolo, dizilo ndi kale inali kutsogolo.

A nkhani ya unsembe wa dizilo

Mlengi wa injini kutsimikiziridwa dizilo 10D49 ndi Kolomna fakitale. Mphamvu ya aliyense wa 3825 kW (5200 HP), iwo makina kwathunthu. Nthaŵi iliyonse - zida kuchepetsa ziwiri liwiro, amene ali ndi udindo kwa kupatukana kapena olowa ntchito Motors awiri. Pomaliza, pali dongosolo m'dera kulamulira. Okha monga turbines gasi, mafuta chopangira mphamvu injini M90FR, kulengedwa ndi makampani awiri otchuka - NPO "Saturn" ndipo NPP "Dawn - Mashproekt".

Popanda makampani izi sizikanatheka kukanakhala yokha frigate "asilikali Gorshkov". 2014 anasonyeza kuti kasamalidwe zombo ndi woyamikira kwambiri kwa iwo, monga makampani onse analandira Mapangano wopatsa boma. Mwina zimenezi azimuth yabwino adzapitiriza m'tsogolo.

Only pa dizilo wina powerplant ngalawa adzakhala apereke yomweyo 10400 HP, zimene zingakhale zokwanira kuphwanya kwa 10-13 mfundo. Ngati diesels onse ntchito ndi chopangira mphamvu mphamvu amalima mpaka 64800 HP, mwakuti kusamutsidwa makina matani zikwi zinayi Iyamba 30 mfundo. Kodi ife kutchulidwa mu mwatsatanetsatane? Kodi mukuganiza ntchito amenewa chombo zosagwiritsa sanali mu ngalawa za zombo Soviet? Ndi yosavuta: palibe wina anafuna kutenga udindo monga chitukuko cha dongosolo zovuta. System amene ayenera osati amphamvu, koma odalirika kwambiri.

M'dera lino, shipbuilders Russian zinatha padziko anzawo Soviet wokondweretsa, kuyambira ngalawa "asilikali Gorshkov" - weniweni "woyamba" wa shipbuilders pambuyo Soviet. Mu ichi ndi yofanana ndi T-50 womenya. ndege imeneyi cholinga "kuchokera zikande" ndi Russian kutukula.

zotsatira

Kulankhula zambiri, ndi "asilikali Gorshkov" - ndi frigate, m'njira zambiri ndi mwachilungamo lililonse nthumwi ya Soviet-Russian shipbuilding sukulu. Komabe, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya zombo athu padziko mivi chombo anaikidwa migodi. Mwa njira kulankhula wathu American "anzake" akhala anaona kufunika chabe Kusinthaku ngati a mtundu umenewu zida, monga mu nkhani iyi n'zotheka kuthetsa "Zoo" Zikhazikiko kuthamanga, komwe kuli lililonse kwa Soviet apanyanja. Izi kuchepetsa mtengo wa ntchito ngalawa, mogwirizana kuphika kuli akatswiri.

Kalanga, Russian Navy mpaka 2010 analibe kugwirizana m'munda umenewu. Komanso, aliyense (!) Chida dongosolo anali ndi ntchito yake yeniyeni. Ndipotu Last pafupifupi kutha lingaliro la kulenga zombo wosiyanasiyana. Ngati wathu mafakitale shipbuilding adzatenga njira kuti kunapangitsa ngalawa "asilikali Gorshkov" zombo potsiriza moona chilengedwe, kusintha ndi amphamvu zida, chimene chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu gombe Russian.

Chifukwa cha zimene "asilikali Gorshkov" kwa nthawi yaitali anali anadzetsa dongosolo?

The vuto lalikulu, chifukwa chimene nthawi zonse anali, osati aakulu chochedwa zinasintha kachitidwe osiyana. Inde, cruiser "asilikali Gorshkov" anamanga St. Petersburg doko la zombo zapanyanja, koma chifukwa onse zida, Rada ndi machitidwe m'madzi zowulutsira kupereka kampani yosiyana kwambiri! Pa iwo lagona gawo la mikango udindo kwa amodzi mwa yobereka frigate lapansi. Makamaka, mavuto ambiri amene ankabweretsa machitidwe Sam ndi zowulutsira m'madzi. Komanso, angapo nthawi takwiya yobereka zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo latsopano zida zankhondo, popanda imene frigate kulima. 22350 "asilikali Gorshkov" pang'ono zomwe ndi wamkulu kuposa zombo za m'kalasi lomwelo.

Monga zoweta Admiralty zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la kusowa zombo?

Mfundo pali zochita mwanzeru, lomwe tsopano ankagwiritsa ntchito. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mwamsanga "kubereka" zapamadzi, amene akanatha kuchita monga kagawo kakang'ono mwatsatanetsatane. Kuyambira panthawi ino ndi ntchito 22350 frigates mukumangidwa mofulumira ndithu, anaganiza kwambiri pomanga magalimoto mtengo, a m'banja 11356 (asanu ndi limodzi anagula India). Ngakhale yogwirizanitsa zake zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa fleets zosiyanasiyana. Mwatsoka, kwathunthu kuchita popanda chisokonezo nomenclature sangathe kukhala tsopano. Chitonthozo yekha ndi kuti sudzakhala ngati losokoneza monga izo zinaliri mu nthawi ya Union.

Ngati tasankha chivomerezocho frigates a Project 22350 anaikira retrofitting ya Black Sea zombo, ayenera anati lotsatira. Onse amayenera kukhazikitsa zombo asanu. Frigate "asilikali Grigorovich," akuyembekezeka achita m'Mphamvu za theka lachiwiri la 2015. "M'bale," wake "asilikali Essen" wayamba mafunde m'Nyanja ya Black mu 2016. Sitimayo "asilikali Makarov" silingakhale wokonzeka pamaso 2017.

Ngakhale ngati ife kuganizira kwambiri kuonjezera ndalama pagulu shipbuilding ndi potsegula amakampani mafakitale mu Crimea, kachiwiri zombo Kuwopsa anachedwa kwambiri. Choncho, frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" imene mayesero asonyeza zotsatira chidwi zambiri ndi woyenera zina. Chimodzi chokha chimene makampani zoweta lidzalimbikitsa patsogolo izi.

Pomaliza

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, pomanga frigate "asilikali Gorshkov" limasonyeza bwino ndi intensification zakuthwa wathu mafakitale shipbuilding. Konse kuyambira 1990s oyambirira, zombo sanapeze zombo atsopano ambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chakuti kusokonezeka kawirikawiri chakudya Navy afika zambiri za frigates wofanana, nthawi zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kagawo kakang'ono mwatsatanetsatane. Mukhoza kuona zimenezi si zabwino kwambiri wonse chitetezo imapanga dziko.

M'mbali zina kuti vutoli ndi asilikali lenilenilo, limene si wokonzeka kupereka opanga bwino ndi mwatsatanetsatane wo- tsogolera. Komanso, ngakhale pamene anachita pomanga frigate "asilikali Gorshkov", nthawi zambiri kusintha maonekedwe ake, amene m'mayiko ena sangakhale. Palinso kumene anayamba kapangidwe nkhani makalasi atsopano ngalawa, amangogogomezera sizinathe analenga zida zokwanira. Akukuta iwo "pa ntchentche" osati kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu mtengo wa zomangamanga, komanso kutambasula deadlines kwa zedi kwambiri.

Ku fakitale kuti ntchito chomera amagwiritsidwa opatsirana sitinadzere mwa kuchuluka yaikulu tepi wofiira. Kukhazikitsa zida, zocitika agwirizane ndi peculiarities aliyense doko la zombo zapanyanja imagwiridwa pafupifupi mu mode Buku. zinthu makamaka oipa mu Pacific zombo, kumene sitima kapena lamanzere pa zonse, kapena iwo ali, koma zili ndi kalekale kwachikale makhalidwe ndi luso zida, omwe si oyenera frigates ano. Kuchotsedwa mavuto onsewa nthawi, kungachititse kuti zotsatira zoipa kwambiri.

Mfundo pali uthenga wabwino. Choncho, ziletso Western simusowa kuti adzathe zombo ziribe mphamvu, chifukwa yomanga zombo akugwiritsa ntchito kokha luso zoweta. Kumene, mfundo zina zothetsera zamakono angathetse mavuto ambiri, koma njirayi ndi zovuta kukhulupirira mu kuwala kwa zenizeni panopa mfundo yachilendo. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma cruiser "asilikali Gorshkov" - kunyadira weniweni wa makampani wathu shipbuilding.