Fufuzani Satellite KA: ndemanga, mafotokozedwe, specifications ndi ndemanga. Satellite dongosolo galimoto chitetezo

Masiku ano, anthu amagwiritsa chitetezo ngakhale mlengalenga. Kuchita izi, ndipo wakhazikitsidwa injini Kanema kufufuza. Akukhulupirira kuti chiyambi cha amenewa navigation ndi amayenera October 4, 1957 Zinali ndiye koyamba anapezerapo woyamba yokumba Earth Kanema. Pakutha 70s izo anaonekera woyamba wailesi navigation dongosolo. N'zotheka kudziwa ndondomeko ya chinthu chilichonse pa maziko a zizindikiro analandira kuchokera Kanema wa. Lero, mtundu uwu navigation wapeza ntchito yake yopulumutsa ndi yoyeza, komanso kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha boma ndi nzika.

ndi machitidwe Kanema chiyani? Lamavutoli pakompyuta ndi luso kulankhulana. Ndipo awo kukhazikitsa zimatheka ngati okwana ntchito malo ndi pansi zida. Choncho machitidwe Kanema udzatithandiza kudziwa okwera ndi malo enieni nthawi ndi magawo zoyenda wa mipherezero madzi, nthaka ndi mpweya.

Gawo

kachitidwe Satellite agawanika pa mbali zotsatirazi:

- chitetezo kufufuza, anafuna kuti magalimoto;
- navigation, kutetezela maofesi, nyumba, nyumba ndiponso malo paokha;
- chitetezo cha malo pa Internet ndi selo foni;
- kufufuza navigation (GPS).

Zinthu zazikulu

kachitidwe Satellite monga:

- yozungulira grouping a nthambi angapo (2 30), zomwe zimatulutsa zizindikiro zenizeni;
- nthaka ofotokoza kulamulira ndi kasamalidwe dongosolo, anakhazikitsa malo atsopano a nthambi za, komanso kulandira ndi mfundo ndondomeko kudzera mwa iwo;
- kasitomala kulandira zida zina zofunika kwa mtima chiyambi;
- ankayatsa ndi dziko ofotokoza dongosolo kuti bwino yolondola anakhazikitsa malo chinthu;
- dongosolo mudziwe wailesi amapereka wosuta ndi Kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya.

Mfundo ntchito

Satellite navigation machitidwe kuyeza mtunda kuchokera mlongoti pa malo, kuti ilili malo mu kanjira kuti amadziwika ndi lolondola mkulu. Iwo amagwiritsa tebulo wapadera, wotchedwa Almanac. Izo ziyenera kusungidwa mu chikumbukiro chipangizo kulandiridwa ndi limasonyeza udindo wa nthambi zonse. Ngati tebulo ndi kwa tsiku, pamaso pa chinthu danga anatsimikiza ndi zipangizo ntchito zomangamanga yosavuta zojambula. Pakuti mawerengedwe olondola a m'lifupi ndi longitude wa wolandila ayenera kulandira chizindikiro kwa nthambi zitatu. Chabwino, ngati inu ayenera kudziwa malo chinthu padziko? Muyenera chizindikiro pa Kanema chachinayi.

mfundo zonse kukonzedwa ndi nthaka wagawo, amene mwa dongosolo la maikwezhoni zotuluka udindo ankafunila. Komabe, deta Pakufunika kusintha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chikoka cha ntchito kuthamanga mumlengalenga, kutentha mpweya ndi digiri ya chinyezi. Aliyense wa zinthu izi zimapangitsa zolakwa ili mkati 30 m, phindu okwana nthawi zambiri ukufika 100 m.

Amathandiza kuchepetsa inaccuracy wa mode masiyanidwe GPS. Iwo transmits kwa wosuta Kusintha zofunika, amene amaonetsetsa molondola kudziwa chinthu 1 cm. Pa Kanema uyu injini kufufuza amatha kusunga kenako kusamalira deta analandira pa nthawi zina za nthawi. Kudzera ndondomeko zimenezi, wosuta ali chithunzithunzi cha liwiro chinthu, iwo anayendayenda njira, ndi zina zotero. D.

GPS

Today zachangu, angapo machitidwe navigation. Izi ndi American GPS, ndi Russian GLONASS ndi Galileo European. Onse a iwo adzaona malo atsopano a chinthu komanso tsiku wake ndi nthawi, liwiro ndi njira yodutsamo kuyenda pa dziko, mu mlengalenga ndi pansi. Taganizirani panyanja izi kwambiri.

Mbiri ya dongosolo Kanema US GPS inayamba mu 1973. Inali nthawi DNSS pulogalamu chitukuko. Pambuyo pake, anadzatchedwa mu Navstar-GPS, ndipo pambuyo --in GPS. Woyamba wa nthambi zake kuika mu kanjira mu 1974. Iwo anali kokha mu 1993 chiwerengero chawo chinali kusintha 24, amene anachita chotheka kunyamula Kuphunzira padziko lapansi wonse.

Poyamba GPS dongosolo Kanema ntchito pa cholinga cha zovuta US asilikali. Ndipo kokha mu 2000 ndi mobisa inachotsedwa dongosolo. GPS anayamba kutumikira zosoŵa za ogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Komabe, tsopano Pentagon zingathe zimitsani madera kumene nkhondo, chizindikiro pa Kanema, kapena apatseni phokoso. Komanso, US nzeru mabungwe kusungitsa ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa m'dera "jammers" kuphimba zone nkhondo. Choncho ngati nkhondo pakompyuta sikusokoneza mphamvu NATO logwirira ntchito mbendera yosiyanasiyana.

GLONASS

Ndi Russian navigation dongosolo wakhala ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 90s Mu zaka zapitazo. Pakali pano, zikuchokera gulu ake yozungulira ali makina oposa makumi awiri ndi makina. Posachedwapa chiwerengero chawo chidzakhala ziwonjezeke kwa makumi atatu.

Popeza 2007, GLONASS dongosolo Kanema ntchito zolinga wamba. Lero chimakwirira dera lonse la Russia, ndipo supeza tanthauzo lake mu madera osiyana. Iwo bwinobwino ntchito zoyendera amene amathandiza osati katundu komanso mayendedwe anthu. Apa GLONASS - dongosolo Kanema polojekiti, komanso njira imene konza moyenera nthawi yake. Kugwiritsira navigation ntchito Intaneti mautumiki awo Moe, apolisi ndi ambulansi.

Mfundo dongosolo GLONASS zachokera chiphaso cha nkhani kuchokera chabwino kutsatira ndi GSM-njira seva akumidzi. Apa izo kusungidwa kwa HIV china wosuta. Kupeza nthawi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera masekondi 15 240. Kenako, a pakompyuta pulogalamu njira zambiri ndi kusungidwa pa makina ndipo amapereka malo wa chinthu.

Mu Russia, Kutacha ndi zatsopano ntchito, wotchedwa nyengo-GLONASS. Chotero dongosolo sangalole misonkhano yapadera mwadzidzidzi kuyankha mlandu wa ngozi ndi ngozi. Izo zakonzedwa kuti pofika mu 2020, magalimoto onse akhale okonzeka ndi malo navigation ndi kulankhulana basi popereka chizindikiro ntchito ndi utumiki uthenga likhoza ngozi yaikulu mwachitsanzo, pamene galimoto Airbag Kutumizidwa. The woyendetsa amayesetsa kulongosola tsatanetsatane wa ngozi kuchokera dalaivala. Ngati salabadira kapena mfundo kuvomereza za ndondomeko mwachindunji udzayamba kulamulira alonda kupulumutsidwa, madokotala ndi ndodo STSI. Choncho, ilili dongosolo zoyendera kudzakhale wothandizira oyamba dalaivala vuto la mwadzidzidzi.

Galileo

Dongosolo Kanema navigation zithandize mayiko a European Union. Mtengo ntchito Akuti pa $ 2 biliyoni, dzina lake polemekeza Galileo Galilei - wotchuka wa ku Italy zakuthambo. Mu ntchito zake, Galileo zimadalira pa dongosolo Kanema ulamuliro Russian GLONASS ndi American GPS.

Kuwonjezera kumasulira malo chinthu, ndondomeko ya amene angapezeke ndi lolondola mita imodzi, Galileo ali kufufuza ntchito, ndi chipulumutso. Ntchito si mu dziko lililonse padziko lapansi (yekha yapangidwa Russia).

magalimoto Security

Today amakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri ziziyenda Kanema dongosolo odana ndi kuba. Mu lingaliro la owerenga ambiri si odalirika kokha, komanso yabwino kwambiri.

Chitetezo kotero navigation ntchito pa mfundo za mgwirizano pakati pa mlongoti ndi wokwera pa galimoto ndi anzake angapo. Information za ndondomeko za makina zonse adza kwa chipangizo kolandira, ndi kulola wosuta kuzindikira kupezeka kwa galimoto ndi lolondola mamita angapo.

Mosiyana ochiritsira navigation Kanema dongosolo odana ndi kuba singolandira chizindikiro kwa kanjira, komanso akuwatumiza kuti chipinda ulamuliro kapena mwini. Ngati galimoto Chipinda Cowonetsera walowerera nkhondo amene akuyesetsa gawanikani dongosolo, ndiye mwamsanga pamene Intaneti mafoni woyendetsa kapena mwapadera anakonzedwera njira imeneyi cholinga adzatenga chizindikiro chomwe chidzachitike foni ya mwini kapena chipinda kulamulira. Pambuyo kuti wayamba Team Anayankha, amene adzaona kayendedwe zina ndi malo makina.

Malinga ndi maganizo wosuta, dongosolo Kanema chitetezo galimoto ndi odalirika kwambiri. N'chongoletsa izo kuposa siren yosavuta Alamu zovuta.

Mu ena zitsanzo, kutali injini loko amapereka dongosolo Kanema katengedwe. Ndi nchito imeneyi, wopalamulayo sadzatha kuyendetsa galimoto yanu, ngakhale mita imodzi. Nthawi zina hackers ntchito Jammers. Iwo silencers chipangizo, osati "muyambitse" mbendera. Izi anatengedwa kupita nkhani za chitukuko cha machitidwe atsopano chitetezo. Mu zinalengedwera ntchito zigawo wapadera kuti salola jammers ntchito.

echelon

Izi Kanema dongosolo galimoto chitetezo ntchito mu dziko lathu kuyambira September 2003. Ndi ochiritsira GPS-GSM-Alamu dongosolo, kokha processing ake wagawo Ndondomeko mu njira yapadera. Tikafuna galimoto kuba Alamu dongosolo ndi adamulowetsa, ndipo pamene ntchito kudodoma chigawenga kapena ayi kulankhulana ndi Mtsogoleri kutali, loko galimoto. Izi limagwirira cha zochita umene ukugwira ilili dongosolo "Echelon".

A mwayi chapadera cha navigation izi umatha asaberedwe, ngakhale palibe kulankhulana ndi mwini. Malinga ndi maganizo wosuta, ndi mwayi undoubted a dongosolo ndi chiwerengero cha mbali zina. Choncho, ilili "Echelon" dongosolo akhoza ma logwirana injini likhoza:
- choposa wina liwiro phindu;
- Kuchoka kwa madera anasankha;
- kotenga ndi mathamangitsidwe lateral galimoto.

Ndipo uyu akhoza kusintha aligorivimu chosonyeza. Ndi zokwanira kutumiza pulogalamu anakhumba pa ntchito GSM-njira.

"Arkan"

Zambiri za machitidwe Kanema chitetezo galimoto ntchito pa mfundo ya kubala kwa ulamuliro kutonthoza "Alamu" mbendera. Komabe, chitetezo choterocho ndi operewera, pakalibe mwadala kapena GPS-njira yimitsira.

The njira ndi dongosolo Kanema "Arkan". Iwo transmits zambiri pa eponymous wapadera navigation maukonde. Kudzera mosalekeza chizindikiro wailesi, zikusintha pafupipafupi, nkhondo sitingakhoze kutenga dongosolo kuchokera kanthu.
Pa nthawi, mtundu uwu navigation ndi zapamwamba kwambiri njira zamakono njira kuti amalola kupeza makina mosavuta.

Komanso, dongosolo Kanema "Arkan":
- angathe kupatsira ndondomeko za makina ndi kukanikiza mantha batani, ndipo pamene kuyesa kupeza wosaloleka kuti m'katikati;
- masiwichi ndi otsika mode mphamvu batire ikutha;
- akulamulira ntchito "Atu" njira ndi mosalekeza kudyetsa chizindikiro mayeso.

kulankhulana Kanema

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madongosolo otero.

Pakati pawo:

1. msana kulankhulana. chitukuko wakhala zofunika kufunika nthawi zikuchuluka kusamutsa yambiri zambiri. Woyamba wa kachitidwe anali Intelsat, ndipo pomwepo adawonekeranso ndi mabungwe dera Arabsat, Eutelsat ndi ena. Pakali pano, chachikulu machitidwe Kanema kulankhulana m'malo intaneti CHIKWANGWANI-chamawonedwe.

2. VSAT kachitidwe. Iwo akuyimira akayakaya ndi osachepera kuchuluka kwa zipangizo. m'magulu otere anapangidwa kupereka mauthenga Kanema kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono kuti safuna mkulu bandiwifi. Komanso, VSAT dongosolo angapereke pa kufunika ngalande.

3. The mafoni Kanema aya. Mbali A kachitidwe amenewa ndi kukula ka mlongoti, amene amachititsa vuto phwando chizindikiro. Pofuna kuonjezera mphamvu ya mphepo, makina anayikidwa pa kanjira geostationary, powapatsa chopatsilira amphamvu. machitidwe amenewo aya sitima ndi zosiyanasiyana ntchito dera. Kumapangitsanso wailesi chizindikiro ali ambiri nthambi mu m'mipita kumalo ozizira ndi okonda. Popereka mauthenga ndi ntchito angapo yam'manja.

4. Satellite Internet. kachitidwe kulankhulana ndi makhalidwe awo. Apa izo unagawanika kucheza ndi ukubwera magalimoto, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito luso ena mayikidwe zina. N'chifukwa chake awa machitidwe Kanema aya amatchedwa asymmetric. Mbali A Intaneti amaona kuti njira imodzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito zingapo. Mfundo deta kamafalikira kudzera danga kanjira makasitomala onse nthawi yomweyo.

TV kanema

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka zana otsiriza kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo za anthu akugwiritsa ntchito malo. Lero, Earth kanjira kwenikweni anamuzungulira ndi Kanema "mkanda", kulola osati kutumikira monga machitidwe navigation, popereka mauthenga, koma ... kuonera TV. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Pa aliyense wa mwapadera Mwaichi ilili wayikidwa mlongoti wamphamvu. Zinali iye amene amalandira TV chizindikiro, limene anatumizidwa padziko lapansi ndi kutenga transponder transmitters wapadera. Anthu m'madera inu aigwire mafunde awa wailesi, otchedwa malo Kuphunzira.

An mlongoti wolandira chizindikiro ku nthambi, ali mawonekedwe a mbale. pamwamba Zimenezi zimathandiza mphepo anasonyeza kenako lolunjika pa nthawi ina, pamene convector chikuyambika. chipangizo ichi alandira chizindikiro amene ndiye kudyetsedwa pa chingwe wapadera kuti wolandila lapansi. Iyenso ndi wolandila, koma otembenuka mafunde wailesi ndi transmits iwo chithunzi pa TV.

Kanema machitidwe TV kulola kupeza mkulu khalidwe phokoso ndi zithunzi. Ichi chidapangidwa zikomo zotheka otaya zambiri mu mawonekedwe yadigito. Komanso, Kanema TV limakupatsani kuonera mapulogalamu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso mayiko. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa anthu amene kuphunzira chinenero china. Ana ndi akulu pamene kuonera TV awa akhoza kupeza bwenzi pafupifupi, komanso kufufuza ndi kuligonjetsa kudziwa wabweza kwambiri. Chidwi kwa wowerenga ndi ambiri thematic njira Kanema TV. Ana akhoza kusankha zojambula komanso achikulire - Scott mu dziko kuyenda ndi nyimbo.

Kuonetsetsa kunyumba Kanema anu TV osati pokhala M'maso mwanga ndi zochuluka zabwino mtima kwa kuonera TV chidwi, komanso ndalama. Kulipira kamodzi kokha kwa zipangizo kwa aya Kanema. M'tsogolo, ogula amakhalabe palokha wa zikusintha mapulani tariff wa ntchito chingwe, chifukwa zida Kanema amakhalabe kalekale mu chuma cha mbuye wake.

Kuyenera anati, mu maganizo a anthu a midzi chaching'ono, ngati TV zambiri amawathandiza kunja. Ndipotu, nthawi zina m'midzi mulibe ntchito chingwe ndi khalidwe la kufalitsa chizindikiro mwa wamba TV mlongoti ndi osauka.

Mwa njira, m'matawuni ambiri ang'ono chifukwa mavuto ndi phwando TV chizindikiro unsembe mbale mwina njira yokhayo kusangalala kuonera TV mu wabwino.