Gawo ndi mitundu ya mafuta galimoto

Engine mafuta - ndi chinthu akapanda ichi, palibe mtengo, galimoto. mankhwala madzi cholinga kuti afewetsedwa mbali ya injini kuyaka mkati kotero kuti iwo akhoza kugwira. Zingaoneke, kodi vutolo? Tengani galimoto mafuta, kutsanulira mu injini ndi kusangalala kukwera. Ndipotu, chirichonse zambiri zovuta, monga pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta injini, ndipo muyenera kudziwa ndani wa iwo mukufuna. Samalani ma CD - kumeneko mukapeza ena misonkhano kuti munthu sazidziwa bwinobwino ambiri ndi chilichonse chimene amanena. Kuti timvetse zimenezi, muyenera kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Iwo mumvetse mitundu m'mafuta galimoto, komanso gulu lawo. Ataphunzira zinthu muli mosavuta ndipo popanda vuto mudzatha kusankha mafuta chilungamo mwa ambiri mungachite kuti adzapatsidwa mwayi kwa inu mu sitolo.

ophikira mchere

Gulu loyamba, zomwe ndi mtengo powasamalira - mtundu wa ulimi. Izi ndi zofunika gulu, amene amalola kumvetsa bwino katundu zikuluzikulu za mankhwala zosinthika yeniyeni. Choncho, poyamba pa zonse tiona mafuta mchere - ngati ife kufotokoza mwachidule ndi ambiri, tikhoza kunena kuti ndiwo akhala akamagwira yoyenga mafuta. Ngati ife kupita tsatanetsatane wa mankhwala mchere akhoza kunena zambiri. Mitundu ya mafuta injini akhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana, koma ndi mchere imatengedwa abwino kwambiri iliyonse ntchito tsiku mu muyezo mapangidwe m'tawuni. Iwo kuwapeza mafuta m'munsi, amene amapangidwa mwachindunji kwa mafuta. Pakuti zosinthika ikupezeka Ndiyeno anawonjezera zina mankhwala, amene kuonetsetsa pamaso pa chotsirizidwa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Monga zanenedwa kale, njirayi ndi yabwino yoti muyezo dalaivala amene akuyenda mu malo m'tawuni kapena dziko, pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Choncho ngati mukuganiza osiyanasiyana mafuta injini, ndipo inu mukudziwa kuti mumakonda bata moyenera galimoto imathamanga zolimbitsa, mchere mankhwala - kusankha wangwiro kwa inu. Koma kodi aliyense ali mfundo gulu ili?

Theka-kupanga galimoto mafuta

Inde, mitundu ya mafuta galimoto suthera mitundu mchere - monga zambiri kuonedwa pa maalumali semiochemicals. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi nditenge monga batala? Aposa mchere, kapena poipa? Ndipotu, monga sikutheka - mafuta si wabwino kwambiri kapena woipa, ndi osiyana. Izo analengedwa ndi kusakaniza zachilengedwe ndi kupanga mankhwala (tikambirana pambuyo). Ngati ndinu zimakupiza wa liwiro lalitali ndi galimoto kudya, inu zomwe zikugwirizana njirayi komanso mafuta mchere, ngati inu kale bwino, n'koyenera zambiri galimoto imathamanga yachibadwa m'tawuni. Komabe, osati ntchito liwiro anatsimikiza ndi cholinga cha mtundu wa mafuta. chakuti chitsanzo theka-kupanga ndiyo kugonjetsedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni - motero, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mu kwambiri zinthu kutentha. Pakuti chowonadi Russian, njirayi ukakhale zambiri applicable kuposa mankhwala achilengedwe mchere, amene ndithudi sakanakhoza kupirira ovuta Russian frosts. Koma si mitundu yonse ya mafuta galimoto mu gulu ili - muli timudziwe bwino Baibulo lina kupanga.

mafuta kupanga galimoto

Ambiri ziziyenda novice amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya mafuta galimoto - "Mobile," "Elf" ndi zina zotero. Komabe, ichi ndi tidaipanga, koma iwonso mudzazilipira kuyenda ndi kudziwa zomwe mankhwala ndi bwino yosayenera kwa injini ya galimoto yanu ndi. Koma mitundu lenileni la mafuta, gulu ndi mtundu wa ulimi ndi ina chabe - kupanga. Ambiri amanena kuti mtundu uwu wa mafuta bwino, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, komanso ndi mtengo kwambiri. chakuti chilengedwe chake sanagwiritse ntchito mafuta - chifukwa amapangidwa ndi zovuta mankhwala kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko (choncho dzina) okha zinthu zasayansi. Pa kupanga mankhwala akuwonjezeka yekha zina mkulu khalidwe kuti mafuta makhalidwe okhawa bwino. Nthawi zambiri mafuta kupanga kwambiri amakhoza bwino kuposa mchere ndi theka-kupanga kwa chiwerengero cha mbali ofunikira kwambiri, monga kukhuthala, chitetezo galimoto, mafuta ndi zina zotero. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe yonse ya mafuta galimoto ali, ngati tikambirana gulu ndi mtundu wa ulimi. Koma pali classifications zina zomwe zifunika kumvera.

Gawo SAE

Ndi nthawi tione zimene aliyense ali mitundu ya mafuta galimoto. Gulu, amene tidzakambirana tsopano ndi dzina la SAE. Ili ndi dzina chidule za bungwe kuyambitsa gulu ili, omwe ndi mmene mayiko a ku Ulaya. Kwathunthu bungwe lotchedwa "Society of Automotive Akatswiri ', ngati mukumva dzina lino, tsopano ayenera kudziwa chimene icho amatanthauza. Komabe, akamanena za gulu ili? Kodi mitundu ya mafuta lagawidwa malinga ndi izo? The zoti mankhwala amenewa kawirikawiri zikuwoneka motere: 15W kapena 50. chabe Inde, ngati simukudziwa mfundo za gulu ili, inu ndi zoti chonena. Ndi zimenezi ndipo muyenera kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Kuyambira pano muphunzira kuti kalata W mu mutu amatanthauza Zima n'zimene mafuta izi n'cholinga ntchito m'nyengo yozizira. Pamene chiwerengero, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nyengo yozizira, ndi m'chilimwe, ndi katundu nyengo. Zimatanthauza kukhuthala kalasi, ndiye, amalola kuyenda mu zinthu iliyonse nyengo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira inayake. Tsopano muli ndi chithunzithunzi cha gulu ili - ndi nthawi kuti tione zimene kwenikweni mogwirizana ndi maganizo a galimoto ndi zida mafuta ake.

mafuta yozizira

Mitundu ya mafuta theka-kupanga injini, amene bwino ntchito m'nyengo yozizira, monga kale bwino, amaimira kalata W. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta yozizira - onse pali makalasi sikisi kukhuthala mogwirizana ndi gulu lino. Imayamba ndi n'kukumana ndi mafuta 0W mafuta 25W. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? M'munsi chiwerengero, womwenso kutsogolo kwa W kalata, m'munsi kutentha akhoza kulimbana mankhwala m'nyengo yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chikhazikitso cha 20W mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha m'munsimu opanda madigiri khumi Celsius, pamene chodetsa 5W mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale pa kutentha pansi ku opanda makumi asanu. Mitundu ya mafuta kupanga galimoto, mchere, ali chimodzimodzi kulemba chomwecho. Monga kulabadira chakuti Mabaibulo mchere zabwino yozizira chodetsa ali osowa kwambiri.

mafuta yotentha

Koma mafuta yotentha pa gulu ili, akuti wamangidwa chimodzimodzi pa mfundo yomweyo - chabe dzina palibe kalata W, kumene kungakhale chizindikiro kuti mafuta si abwino ntchito m'nyengo yozizira. Chilimwe mankhwala, pali makalasi zisanu zosiyanasiyana zoti limene limayamba ndi 20, ndipo itha 60. Monga momwe zilili ndi mafuta yozizira, kusonyeza chiwerengero chilimwe zosonyeza kutentha malire, kokha nthawi ili pamwamba ziro. The apamwamba nambala apamwamba kutentha pa zomwe mafuta akuzisunga akuphatikizapo viscous, ndi moyenera, lubricating ake katundu. Koma si mitundu yonse ya mafuta galimoto kwa magalimoto gulu ili. Kodi akhalabe kupatula chilimwe ndi chisanu mankhwala? Likukhalira pali pansi gulu monga mtundu wachitatu - onse nyengo. Ndi za iwo ndi Tikambirana zina.

mafuta multigrade

Ngati ife kulankhula za mafuta multigrade mu SAE gulu, ayenera yomweyo kudziŵika kuti apa zoti pang'ono zovuta. Komabe, kamodzi inu mukumvetsa mfundo, mungathe mwamsanga kuyenda kwa magulu osiyanasiyana. Kotero, chitsanzo zosavuta mafuta onse-nyengo - ndi 10W 50. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? chakuti mankhwala nyengo kuphatikiza pa magwiridwe a onse yozizira ndi yotentha mafuta. Ndipo moyenera, iwo kuphatikiza bwino ndi olemba awo - kutanthauza kuti mbali yoyamba (pamaso hyphen a) ndi makhalidwe yozizira, pamene lachiwiri (pambuyo hyphen a) - chilimwe. Choncho, wapamwamba kwambiri mwa mawu a kukhuthala mafuta zidzakhala imene kusiyana pakati pa nambala yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya zizindikiro ndi yayikulu. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta lofotokozabe ake katundu pa otsika kutentha ndi mkulu. Mwachibadwa, pali makalasi multigrade kwambiri kuposa yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha. Pafupifupi onse osakaniza yoyamba ndi yachiwiri njira yatsopano kalasi multigrade mankhwala. Ndizo zonse muyenera kudziwa mmene m'magulumagulu malinga ndi gulu ili mafuta galimoto. Mitundu, gulu, chizindikiritso - mavuto onsewa ali ofunika kwambiri ziziyenda zonse, choncho ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa galimoto yanu ntchito komanso kwa nthawi yaitali, muyenera kudziwa kuti kusankha mtundu wanji wa mafuta. Ndipo ichi muyenera kuphunzira gulu lina wamba.

Gawo API

Ngati gulu yapita wakhala lolunjika basi injini mafuta kukhuthala ndi kuteteza ntchito pa kutentha osiyana, ino ikunena wonse katundu ntchito. Apa ndi pamene inu mudzapeza mitundu ya mafuta galimoto kwa injini dizilo mosiyana mafuta. Kodi kuchepetsa izi? Monga momwe zilili ndi SAE, ndi chidule dzina la gulu kuyambitsa gulu ili. Pankhaniyi, API - ndi "American Mafuta Institute". Choncho, tinganene kuti yapita chodetsa amadziwika mafuta European, ndi ichi - US. Komabe, kwenikweni pang'ono osiyana - mfundo yakuti classifications awiriwa bwanji mbali zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala, kawirikawiri iwo anayikidwa limodzi pa ma CD. Choncho, polingalira mafuta monga gulu ili likhoza kuwoneka ngati Mwachitsanzo, SA, CD kapena CB / SE. Koma kodi makalata amenewa zonse?

zizindikiro

Kuthana ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera yomweyo kugawanitsa iwo pawiri, mwachitsanzo makalata awiri. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa ochuluka a makalasi mafuta, muona kuti kalata yoyamba nthawi zonse kaya S, kapena C. Ndi wokongola yosavuta - ngati woyamba kalata S, ndiye mafuta ndi injini mafuta, ngati C - chifukwa dizilo. Ndizo zonse, popanda mavuto apadera ndi kumvetsetsa ndi kukumbukira zimenezi ayenera kukhala. Koma kodi amayimira kalata wachiwiri? Chirichonse muno ndi wosavuta - monga khalidwe lachiwiri kukhala chiwerengero wokulirapo wa chikhalidwe, koma ayenera kugonjera dongosolo limodzi, kaya ankaona dizilo kapena mafuta engine. Kalata chimasonyeza mafuta kwambiri lotha ndi koipa makhalidwe ntchito. Monga inu patsogolo pa afabeti kuwonjezeka katundu ntchito ya mankhwala. Tsopano inu mukhoza kulingalira kuti mupereke chithunzi kwathunthu - kalata yoyamba ndi udindo mtundu wa injini, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa ntchito khalidwe la mafuta.

Makalasi a mafuta galimoto

Monga inu mosavuta ndikuganiza, mafuta choyamba udzachitira SA kapena CA - adzakula ntchito otsikitsitsa, ndipo adzafotokoza kwa mmasate zaka mazana makumi awiri. Kuti timvetse chithunzi zonse, m'pofunika kuyang'ana dizilo ndi mafuta injini payokha. Choncho, pamene izo zifika petulo injini, zinali mbiri ya magulu khumi - kuchokera SA kuti SL. Kuchokera mmasate kwa Mipingo ya ntchito asanu a iwo - kwa SE amaonedwa lotha lero. Mu Mipingo ndi nineties anali mafuta SF, SG ndi SH, amene angapezeke kuti masiku ano - koma makalasi leni kumanzere awiri - SJ ndi SL. Ndi iwo amene ali apamwamba makhalidwe ntchito. Koma injini dizilo, nkhaniyi ofanana, koma yosiyaniranapo. Poyamba, panali magulu atatu a mafuta, onjezerani awiri ena, ndipo pali makalasi asanu apakhungu lero - CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, ndi C1-4 bwino. Monga zanenedwa kale, nthawi zina mungapeze CD / SE ndi mayina monga izi - kodi chiyani? Ndi yosavuta - ndi galimoto mafuta amene ali oyenera onse petulo ndi injini dizilo. Mwachibadwa, mlingo wa katundu ntchito pamene ntchito injini osiyana zimasiyanasiyana, moti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi lakuti yakeyake kalata yachiwiri.