Graphene batire galimoto magetsi

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti tsogolo la makampani magalimoto ndi magalimoto magetsi. Lina, pali ngongole pa mbali ya chaka akugulitsa magalimoto ayenera kukhala kaya hybrids kapena kuthamanga pa magetsi, choncho ndalama ndi ndalama osati malonda a magalimoto, komanso kumanga gasi.

Komabe, anthu ambiri akuyembekezerabe magalimoto magetsi adzakhala mpikisano kwenikweni magalimoto chikhalidwe. Kapena mwina adzakhala pamene nthawi nawuza yafupika, ndi moyo batire zingawonjezere? Mwina izi zidzathandiza anthu graphene mabatire.

graphene ndi chiyani?

mbadwo watsopano zakuthupi chosintha, ndi lightest ambiri cholimba, ambiri electrically conductive - ziri zonse za graphene, amene si kuposa latisi ziwiri ooneka enieni mpweya atomu imodzi wandiweyani. NdiAmene wa graphene ndi, Konstantin Novoselov ndi Andre Geim, anapambana Nobel Prize. Kawirikawiri, pakati pa kutsegula ndi chiyambi cha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kuchita akuthamanga kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi zambiri Komabe, graphene sajomba tsoka chomwecho. Mwina zimenezi chifukwa chakuti Geim ndi Novoselov sanam'bisira kupanga luso lake.

Iwo anafotokoza za dziko lonse, komanso wasonyeza kuti pali kanema pa YouTube, kumene Konstantin Novoselov anauza mwatsatanetsatane za njira imeneyi. Kotero mwinamwake posakhalitsa tikhoza ngakhale kupanga mabatire graphene ndi manja awo.

kamangidwe

Kuyesa ntchito graphene anali pafupifupi onse minda ya sayansi. Iwo anayesa mabatire dzuwa, Zomverera, milandu ndipo anafuna ngakhale kuchiza khansa. Komabe, pa mphindi imodzi mwa zinthu kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi zofunikira kwa anthu - batire graphene. Kumbukirani kuti phindu ngati wosatsutsika ngati utsi mtengo ndiponso wochezeka, magalimoto magetsi ndi drawback lalikulu - ndi otsika liwiro ndi mphamvu malo opanda makilomita oposa mazana atatu.

Polankhula m'zaka

Graphene batire ntchito pa mfundo imene kutsogolera ndi zamchere kapena electrolyte acidic. Mfundo imeneyi ndi electrochemical anachita. Malinga ndi chipangizo batire akufanana ndi graphene lifiyamu ion electrolyte olimba imene cathode wa malasha coke ndi ofanana mu zikuchokera kwa mpweya koyera.

Koma tsopano mwa akatswiri osauka graphene batire, pali awiri mwapadera malangizo. Asayansi okhudza za boma la akhala akuganizira kupanga cathode wa graphene ndi pakachitsulo yopyapyala interspersed ndi mzake, ndi anode - wa chakale lifiyamu cobalt. Akatswiri Russian apeza njira ina. Otani ndi mtengo lifiyamu mchere mwina amasinthidwa ndi wochezeka kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi wotchipa okusayidi magnesium. Battery mphamvu kwambiri chifukwa Mulimonsemo ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wa chigawo cha ayoni kwa elekitirodi wina ndi mzake. Izi zimatheka chifukwa graphene ali mkulu index ndi dielectric ndi luso kudziunjikira mlandu magetsi.

Maganizo zidzasankhidwa akatswiri pa luso: akatswiri Russian amati Graphene mabatire ndi mphamvu kawiri kuposa lifiyamu-ion, koma anzawo akunja kuti khumi.

Graphene mabatire kuika mu kuŵeta mu 2015. Mwachitsanzo, pakhala Spanish kampani Graphenano. Malinga ndi Mlengi, ntchito mabatire amenewa magalimoto magetsi pa misika mmene kukumana limasonyeza weniweni mwayi wothandiza ndi graphene batire cathode. Kuti kwathunthu mlandu yekha zimatenga mphindi eyiti. The pazipita njira kutalika komweko akhoza kuonjezera mabatire graphene. Nawuza 1,000 kuchokera m'malo mazana atatu - kuti akufuna kupereka ogula ndi bungwe Graphenano.

Spain ndipo China

Ndi Graphenano ogwirizana Chinese kampani Chint, amene anagula 10% pamtengo mu Spanish Corporation kwa mayuro 18 miliyoni. Pa ntchito yomanga anzake a maofesi idzachitike mizere makumi awiri ulimi wa mbewu. ntchitoyi alandira kale za 30 miliyoni ndalama, umene padera mu unsembe zida ndi yolemba ntchito antchito. Dongosolo loyambirira kuyamba chomera kutulutsa pafupifupi 80 miliyoni maselo. Pa siteji koyamba, msika waukulu ndi kukhala China, kenako anakonza kuyamba makontena ku mayiko ena.

Mu gawo lachiwiri, kampani Chint ndi wokonzeka kuti aganyali mayuro miliyoni 350 yomanga zomera wina, amene adzakhala ogwira ntchito za zikwi zisanu. Chiwerengerochi ndi n'zosadabwitsa mukamawerenga kuti ndalama okwana adzakhala biliyoni atatu mayuro. Komanso, China, ankadziwika kuti mavuto ake ndi chilengedwe, adzakhala kupatsidwa Eco-wochezeka ndi wotchipa "mafuta". Komabe, ngati ife tingathe kuona, kuwonjezera pa ntchito ncthito, kuwala sanaone chilichonse okha chitsanzo mayeso. Ngakhale galimoto Corporation waneneratu cholinga chake kugwirizana ndi Graphenano.

Ziyembekezo ndi Zenizeni

Ku bwalo la mu 2017, kutanthauza kuti Graphenano kuchita "chachikulu" kupanga mabatire kwa zaka ziwiri, koma panjira kukumana galimoto magetsi - osungira nyama osati kwa Russia. Onse specifications ndi deta anamasulidwa ndi bungweli, m'malo CHOSADZIWIKA. Ambiri, iwo asapitirire ochiritsira malingaliro ongolankhula zimene magawo ayenera batire graphene kwa galimoto magetsi.

Komanso, mpaka zonse waperekedwa kwa ogula ndi ndalama - ndi zitsanzo kompyuta yekha, palibe prototypes weniweni. Limawonjezera mavuto ndi chakuti graphene - zakuthupi zodula kwambiri kubala. Ngakhale mawu mokweza ndi asayansi pa mmene kukhala "kusindikizidwa pa bondo", panthawi imeneyi kungokwanitsa kutsindikiza kuchepetsa ndalama zina zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Graphene ndi dziko msika

Othandiza kunena mitundu yonse ya ziphunzitso chiwembu kuti palibe yopindulitsa maonekedwe amenewa galimoto, chifukwa mafuta amapita ku maziko, motero kuchepetsedwa ndi ndalama za ntchito zake. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, akatswiri akukumana ndi mavuto ena, koma sindikufuna kuti alengeze izo. Mawu "mzati" tsopano pa kumva, ambiri amaona kuti zinthu za m'tsogolo, kotero mwinamwake, asayansi sindikufuna kusokoneza mbiri yake.

Mavuto chitukuko cha

Komabe, choncho mwina, ndi kuti zinthu zili nzeru Choncho, pamafunika munthu njira yoyenera. Mwina mabatire ndi graphene ayenera kukhala mwapadera ku miyambo lifiyamu-ion kapena lifiyamu-polima.

Palinso chiphunzitso china. Graphenano Corporation analengeza kuti mabatire atsopano ali ndi udindo mu maminiti asanu ndi atatu basi. Akatswiri atsimikizire kuti uyu ndithu ndi zotheka, koma magetsi mphamvu ayenera kukhala osachepera megawatt chimodzi, monga kuli kotheka zinthu mayeso pa mbewu, koma sanam'peze. Kumangidwa kwa chiwerengero okwanira wa gasi m'njira mudzazilipira kwambiri ndalama, mtengo wa mlandu limodzi si mkulu, kotero graphene batire ya galimoto Sindizakubweretsanso phindu.

Khalani zikusonyeza kuti kwa nthawi yaitali luso chosintha ophatikizidwa mu dziko msika. M'pofunika kuchita zosiyanasiyana mayesero kuonetsetsa mankhwala chitetezo, kotero amasulidwe zipangizo zatsopano zamakono zambiri kuchedwa kwa zaka zambiri.