Great m'Chigwa: kufotokoza, dera, madera

Padziko lathuli, pali malo ambiri amene ali wa chidwi osati ofufuza ndi akatswiri, komanso apaulendo wamba. Ichi ndi mapiri atali, nkhalango moti, mitsinje zakutchire. Koma m'nkhani ino tidzakhala timathandiza kuti zigwa lalikulu la dziko. Musaganize kuti madera lalikulu si chidwi kwambiri kufufuza. Mutawerenga nkhani yathu, mudzazindikira kuti maganizo amenewa ndi kolakwika.

Kodi Wamkulu m'Chigwa?

Chosefukira mkulu zitunda zathyathyathya lili pakati pa Cordillera kumadzulo ndi ku Central m'Chigwa kum'mawa. Ofufuzawa anapereka dzina la dera - Wamkulu m'Chigwa. Ndi ku North America wotchuka komanso ku Central m'Chigwa, koma Great okwera osiyana, youma nyengo ndi miyala nyanja. Pansi wosanjikiza loess miyala ndi nkhalango kugona strata wa Paleogene ndi miyala Cretaceous. Popeza pali makamaka chogwidwa ndi steppe zomera, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Wamkulu m'Chigwa tchire yachonde.

Nyengo chokhala, udindo (m'malo okwezeka) pamwamba pa nyanja, zosavuta erodibility nthaka anakhala zifukwa za chitukuko m'madera amenewa osefukira. Kwambiri khalidwe mbali ya mpumulo - gullies. Kukokoloka zambiri kufika chachikulu kufanana - zikwi mahekitala nthaka kamodzi-chonde lidzasinthidwa dera lokhala.

Great m'Chigwa: Makulidwe

Izi yachonde foothill ku Canada ndi United States lili kum'mawa kwa miyala m'mapiri. kutalika kwake kuchokera mamita 800 kuti 1700 pamwamba pa nyanja. Utali - makilomita zikwi zitatu mazana asanu. M'lifupi - kuchokera makilomita mazana asanu mpaka chikwi ndi mazana asanu ndi atatu. mapu imasonyeza kuti yaikulu m'dera - Great m'Chigwa. malo awo ndi 1300000 makilomita lalikulu.

mpumulo

Plain umachokera kwa 3600 kukafika kumpoto chakum'mwera. Iwo kuimira gawo sakanikira. Pansi, Canada (Saskatchewan Mtsinje beseni) ndi mbali zake kumpoto - Alberta Plateau. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi landforms moraine. Plateau osiyana mitunda nkhalango, yomwe ili pa dothi sod-podzolic. Pafupipafupi ndi zina minda Aspen.

Dziwe Missouri (Missouri Plateau) limati wavy mpumulo moraine ndi amphamvu erosive dismemberment, steppe zomera Aspen ndi birch minda, ankasiyana steppes forb. Amenewa alili khalidwe la Ishimskaya steppe (South Siberia). Pakati pa chikweza ndi Malowa moraines mapeto.

South wa Missouri Plateau ndi lokwera zigwa. Mbali zimenezi si anakhudzidwa ndi glaciation; pamwamba kuligaŵa mwa mitsinje, pang'ono undulating. Kulibe msipu nkhalango - pa chikweza ichi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi steppe udzu, kuli yokutidwa zigwembe. Mu gawo ili la Great m'Chigwa wachita kale analima, komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka makamaka m'kati.

Komanso kum'mwera pali m'dera Llano Estacado. Iwo ali mpumulo zambiri angaimbidwenso, amene m'madera ena ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka sinkholes. Zomera za steppe yachonde, mukhoza kukumana limodzi columnar nkhadze ndi yucca.

Kum'mwera kwambiri kwa Great m'Chigwa ndi Edwards Plateau, zomwe maonekedwe akufanana ndi malo madera ozungulira la Mexico ndi succulents ake khalidwe (yucca, cacti). yachonde Izi kuligaŵa pang'ono losiyana predominance wa dothi mgoza.

dziko nyama

Great m'Chigwa, dera lake yaikulu, amasiyana ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana ndithu, amene zokhudza khalidwe malo. Kumpoto mungapeze zigwa njati, pronghorn mphalapala, m'madera kum'mwera ndi chapakati ndi anthu steppe nkhandweyo, nkhandwe, tchire agalu. Mbalame kufalitsa tchire kabawi ndi tchire nkhuku.

Russian kumveka

Akatswiri zambiri amatchedwa m'dera la East European Plain. Ichi ndi chenicheni zachilengedwe pantry la Russia. Weruzani nokha: maziko ake kugona mu malasha, zitsulo, mafuta ndiponso gasi, ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. nthaka yake yachonde, malinga ndi akatswiri, mosavuta kudyetsa Russia.

Great Russian Plain ali achiwiri kukula mu dziko, kuwonjezera pa dera Amazon. Adzaupereka kwa zigwa. Kuchokera kumpoto kusamba ndi White ndi Barents Pacific, ndi Caspian, Azov ndi Black - kumwera.

Monga ena ambiri zigwa lalikulu la dziko, Russian mu chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo ndi pafupi ndi mapiri - ndi Sudeten, ndi Carpathians, mu kumpoto chakumadzulo izo zimasokoneza mapiri Scandinavia kum'mawa - ndi Urals ndi Mugodzhary, ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa - Caucasus ndi Crimea Mountains .

miyeso

Russian kumveka umachokera ku kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi makilomita 2.5 zikwi. Kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto - pa makilomita 2750. Malo okwana - zisanu miliyoni ndi theka makilomita lalikulu. Zolemba malire kutalika m'kaundula pa phiri Yudychvumchorr (Kola Peninsula - 1191 mita). Mfundo wotsikitsitsa ndi ya Caspian, izo amakhala ndi mtengo opanda mamita -27.

Pa dera la Russian Plain pang'ono kapena kwathunthu mwa mayiko monga:

• Kazakhstan.
• Belarus.
• Lithuania.
• Latvia.
• Poland.
• Moldova.
• Russia.
• Estonia.
• Ukraine.

mpumulo

Mu mpumulo wa Russian Plain chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ndegeyo. Chotero malo Hrs amapereka zivomezi kawirikawiri ndi ntchito chiphala.

hydrography

Mbali yaikulu ya madzi a Russian Plain ali ndi kubwereketsa kwa nyanja. South ndi kumadzulo kwa mtsinje a Atlantic beseni. Mtsinje kumpoto kugwera mu Ocean Arctic. Kumpoto ndi mitsinje Onega, Mezen ndi kumpoto Dvina Pechora. The kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo mitsinje mu nyanja ya Baltic. Izi ndi Western Dvina, Vistula, ndi Neman, ndi Neva etc. Dniester ndi Dnieper, Southern Bug amagwa Nyanja Black ndi Don - .. Mu Azov.

nyengo

Russian kumveka osiyana kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo. Wapakati chilimwe kutentha lingayambire pakukhala madigiri -12 (Barents m'dera) digiri +25 (pa za Caspian maganizo). Mwapamwamba yozizira kutentha olembedwa kumadzulo. Kumalo amenewa, kutentha mpweya m'munsimu -3 ° C. Mu Komi, chithunzi lino madigiri 20.

Chamvula mu kugwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa mamilimita 400 (mkati mwa chaka chimodzi), kumadzulo kwa chiwerengero chawo kawiri. malo achilengedwe zimasiyana theka-m'chipululu kum'mwera kwa Titafika pamalo kumpoto.

China kumveka

Pa chigwa ichi, ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri adamva, ali Wamkulu China Plain mwina samadziwa chilichonse. Mmodzi wa zigwa kwambiri ku Asia. Kummawa ndi osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja Yellow, malire a kumpoto kwa Yanshan Mapiri ndi kumadzulo - ndi Taihang mapiri. otsetsereka a kummawa ndi ovuta phompho, kutalika mamita oposa chikwi. Mu zitunda kum'mwera kumadzulo ili Dabeshan ndi Tunboshan. Malo okwana zigwa - oposa 325 zikwi makilomita lalikulu.

Ku Piedmont za mbali ya kumadzulo, amene wapangidwa ndi kukolezera wakale alluvial, chigwa pa kutalika ukufika mamita zana. Pafupi kunyanja imagwera zosakwana mamita makumi asanu.

mpumulo

Pa gombe pafupifupi lathyathyathya mbalambanda, zooneka zolakwika chabe. Pali madambo nakhala ndi nyanja yaing'ono kuchepa. Mwa zigwa ndi Shandong mapiri.

mtsinje

Kuwonjezera waukulu mwa Yellow Mtsinje, Huaihe mtsinje ukuyenda pano, Haihe. Iwo yodziwika ndi kusinthasintha m'malo lakuthwa mu otaya ndi yamvula boma.

Zolemba malire yotentha runoff zambiri kuposa kasupe osachepera pafupifupi mazana nthawi.

nyengo

China Plain ndi osiyana yamvula subtropical nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira nthawi apa mpweya youma ndi ozizira Wochokera Asia. Mu January, kutentha pafupifupi ndi wofanana ndi madigiri -2 ...- 4.

Mu chilimwe, mpweya umafunda mpaka +25 ... + 28 madigiri. Wapachaka mvula mpaka mamilimita 500 mvula kumpoto mpaka 1000 mm kum'mwera.

zomera

Pakali pano, osachisunga kukula pano pamaso nkhalango ndi kusakanizikana kwa zobiriwira boma otentha. Pali minda ya mitengo phulusa, arborvitae, popula, paini.

The dothi makamaka alluvial amene masinthidwe kwambiri processing wa zaulimi.

otsika Amazon

Ichi ndi chigwa chachikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Limafotokoza malo oposa 5 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu. msinkhu wake pazipita - mamita 120.

madera akuluakulu m'zigwa inextricably zogwirizana ndi moyo wa Amazon mtsinje - waukulu catchment m'dera mu dziko. A mbali yaikulu m'gawo lake mu floodplain la mtsinje zonse madzi, chifukwa mu mapangidwe malo m'madambo (m'madambo).