Chikumbutso cha amayi: mbiri, wolemba, chithunzi

Chikumbutso kwa amayi ndi chithunzi chodziwika bwino, chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe. Chojambula chotchuka choterechi chikupezeka ku Volgograd pa Hill ya Mamayev. Komabe, patapita nthawi, nyimbo zoterezi zinayamba kuoneka osati kukumbukira nkhondo, komanso za zovuta zina, mwachitsanzo, chikumbutso cha amayi omwe anali achisoni chifukwa cha ophera akufa, omwe anapezeka ku Nakhodka.

Motherland

Komabe, chikumbutso chotchuka kwambiri cha amayi chimaikidwa pamalo a Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, imodzi mwa nkhondo zovuta za Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Patriotic. Chojambulachi ndilo maziko a nyumba yonse ya Mayiyev Hill. Mpaka pano, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziboliboli zopambana kwambiri ku Russia, koma ku Ulaya konse.

Chithunzi chojambula ndi gawo la magawo atatu. Yoyamba ili ku Magnitogorsk. Pa chikumbutso "Kumbuyo - kutsogolo" wogwira ntchito amapereka msilikali lupanga, lomwe linamangidwa mumzindawu kuti umenyane ndi fascism. Gawo lachitatu la zolembazo ndilo chikumbutso kwa womasula-msilikali, yemwe ali ku Berlin. Pa icho, lupanga, lomwe linkaleredwa ku Volgograd, silinatuluke.

Olemba za kujambulidwa

Chikumbutso cha amayi ku Volgograd ndi ntchito yojambula zithunzi Eugene Vuchetich ndi injiniya Nikolai Nikitin. Vuchetich wa zaka za m'ma 70 anali vice-pulezidenti wa Academy of Arts ya USSR, ndipo adakhala nawo mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu. Ali ndi chikumbutso kwa msilikali womasula ku Treptow Park, ndi chipilala "Tikuwombera Lupanga Kukhala Mapulama", yomwe ili ku New York, pafupi ndi nyumba ya United Nations. Anapanganso mafano a "Motherland" ku Kiev mu 1981.

Mbiri ya Nikolai Nikitin imakhalanso wolemera. Iye ndiye woyambitsa maziko ndi zochitika za nyumba zambiri zotchuka za Soviet. Nyumbayi ndi Nyumba ya Soviets, nyumba yaikulu ya University of Moscow ku Lenin Hills, likulu la likulu la "Luzhniki", Nyumba ya Chikhalidwe ndi Sayansi ku Warsaw, nsanja ya pa TV ku Ostankino.

Chikumbutso chachikulu

Chikumbutso kwa amayi a ntchito ya Vuchetich ndi Nikitin ndi chifaniziro cha mkazi yemwe amapita patsogolo ndikuwoneka ngati nkhondo ndipo adakweza lupanga lake. Ichi ndi chithunzi chophiphiritsira. Lili ndi chithunzi cha Motherland, chomwe chimaitana ana ake kuti aime pamodzi kuti amenyane ndi mdani wamba.

Kukonzedwa kwa fanoli kunayamba zaka khumi ndi theka pambuyo pa kutha kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko - m'chaka cha 1959. Zinatenga zaka 8 kuti alenge. Pa nthawi imeneyo inali chithunzi chopambana kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mpaka pano, usiku uliwonse, chojambula chikuyang'aniridwa ndi zizindikiro.

M'mbuyomu, chikumbutsochi chinkafunika ntchito yobwezeretsa. Ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba mofulumira kwambiri: zaka 5 mutatha kutsegulidwa, lupanga linalowetsedwa. Mu 1986, kubwezeretsedwa kwina kwakukulu kunachitika.

Zotsutsana za zojambula

Kodi panali chiwonetsero chomwe maziko a mzimayi azimayi analengedwa? Palibe yankho losagwirizana mpaka pano, pali mabaibulo angapo okha.

Ambiri ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti uyu ndi wophunzira ku Barnaul Pedagogical School Anastasia Peshkova, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi zaka zopitirira 30. Komanso pakati pa mavesiwo amatchula Valentina Izotova ndi Ekaterina Grebneva.

Zomwe sizitchuka, komanso zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa vesili zimati chikumbutso kwa amayi, omwe chithunzi chawo lero chikudziwika kwa Russian yense, akubwereza chiwerengero cha Arc de Triomphe ku Paris. Pachilengedwe chake, wolembayo anauziridwa ndi fano la mulungu wamkazi wachigiriki Nicky.

Zolemba zamakono

Pamwamba pake, chojambulacho chinalemba mbiri pakati pa onse omwe analipo panthawiyo. Chikumbutsocho chimakhala mamita 85 mmwamba, ndipo mamita awiri ndi mbale yopangira. Pansi pa zomangamanga, maziko a konkire ankafunika, oikidwa m'madzi akuya 16. Kutalika kwa chiboliboli chachikazi (popanda lupanga) ndi mamita 52. Chiwerengero chonse cha misa ndi chochititsa chidwi - 8 osamvetseka matani zikwi zisanu.

Chithunzicho chapangidwa ndi konkire yowonjezeredwa ndi zitsulo. Mkati mwake muli dzenje. Pokhapokha m'pofunika kuima pa lupanga. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 33. Kulemera kwake - matani 14. Zapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chili ndi zigawo za titaniyamu.

Chifukwa cha kuponyedwa kwa lupanga, kuyenda kwa zigawo za titaniyamu kunayamba, chifukwa cha izi, chinsalu chosasangalatsa chinamveka nthawi zonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake patatha zaka zochepa, lupanga linasankhidwa kuti lilowe m'malo. Zonsezi zinali zitsulo.

Pofuna kutsimikiza kuti mapangidwe amenewa nthawi zonse anali pa mzere, injiniya, yemwe ndi wolemba wake wamkulu, amagwira ntchito bwino. Chikumbutso kwa amayi ndicho chifukwa cha Nikolay Nikitin. Anawerenganso kukhazikika kwa nsanja ya Ostankino TV.

Kuopseza kugwa

Ndipotu, atangomaliza kumanga chipilalacho, panali mantha kuti chikumbutso cha amayichi chitha kugwa. Mwachidziwikire, iwo sanasiyepo mpaka pano.

Kubwerera mu 1965, bungwe la State Construction Commission linalongosola malingaliro omwe adayenera kulimbikitsa zigawo zazikulu za mawonekedwe. Alamu yapaderayi inayambitsidwa ndi "Motherland". Mfundo yakuti maziko adayikidwa padothi la dothi, lomwe potsiriza limatha kupita ku Volga.

Kufufuzira kwapadera kwa chikumbutsocho kunachitika mu 2013. Linapangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi wojambula zithunzi Vladimir Tserkovnikov. M'kalata yotseguka yopita kwa Pulezidenti wa Chikhalidwe Vladimir Medinsky, iye akusimba kuti maziko a chophimbacho anapangidwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu, zomwe Nikitin adavomereza pa mapulani. Mwa lingaliro lake, pakuti lero ilo liri mkhalidwe wovuta.

The Kiev Monument

Mumzinda wa Ukraine mumzinda wa Ukraine mu 1981 anapeza zofanana zojambula. Ndi mbali ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za mbiri ya Chiyukireniya za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Nyumba yomangamanga inatsegulidwa pazaka 36 zapambano za Kugonjetsa anthu a fascists, Leonid Brezhnev anachita nawo mwambowu.

Ntchito pa ntchitoyi inayamba mlembi wa Volgograd kujambula - Evgeni Vuchetich. Atamwalira mu 1974, ntchitoyi inatsogoleredwa ndi Vasily Boroday. Monga Vuchetich, yemwe ali nawo mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu, yemwe anali wojambula wadziko lonse wa USSR, amene adagwira ntchito ya mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha akatswiri omwe adalongosola za chipilala ku Motherland, chophimbacho chiyenera kuyima zaka zosachepera 150. Zapangidwa motsimikizika kuti zimatha kulimbana ndi chivomerezi ndi mphamvu ya mfundo 9. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1987, mphepo yamkuntho inadutsa ku Kiev, koma chipilalacho sichinapweteke.

Chipilalachi chimakhala ndi masitepe oyang'anitsitsa ndi zipilala ziwiri, ndi imodzi mwa iwo akusuntha pansi pa mtunda wa madigiri 75. Zopanga zamakono ndi zitsulo zimapangidwa m'zigawo zambiri za chikumbutso. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa izo ili pamutu wa Motherland.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2002, anthu owona malo adakwera nsanja ziwiri zapamwamba - pamtunda wa mamita 36 ndi 92 mamita. Komabe, pambuyo pa kugwa ndi imfa ya alendo ochokera kumtunda wapamwamba, kupeza kwa anthu omwe anali nawo pa chikumbutso kunali kochepa kwambiri.

Pitersky analogue

Ku Russia, funso lalikulu: "Chikumbutso cha Motherland chiri kuti?" Yankhani izo ku Volgograd. Koma pali zojambula zina zofanana. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ku St. Petersburg.

Mwalawu uli pamanda a Piskarevsky. Chifanizo chachikazi chimagwira chingwe cha mtengo, chomwe chikuyimira kwamuyaya. Chithunzichi chiri pamwala wokhala ndi miyala. Kumbuyo kwake kuli khoma lamwala limene mawu otchuka a wolemba ndakatulo Olga Berggolts amajambula : "Palibe amene amaiwala, palibe choiwalika."

Ntchitoyo imayimira mayi kapena mkazi yemwe ali ndi chisoni omwe nkhope yake imayikidwa kumanda achibale.

Mpikisano wa polojekitiyi inalengezedwa mu 1945. Chikumbutsocho chinasankhidwa kuti chiziperekedwe kwa anthu a Leningrad, omwe anadwala blockade ndi kukumbukira wakufayo. Ntchito yomanga inayamba mu 1956. Kutsegulidwaku kunachitika pa chikondwerero cha zaka 15 za Kugonjetsedwa pa May 9, 1960.

Gulu la ojambula zithunzi linali loyang'aniridwa ndi Vera Vasilyevna Isayeva, yemwe adamwalira masabata awiri asanatsegulidwe mwambo. Anapulumutsidwa ndi Leningrad, adagwira nawo ntchito zobisika za mzindawo pozunza adani.

Mayi wolira mu Nakhodka

Mbiri ya chikumbutso "Mayi Wopweteka" ku East Far East nayenso ndi wokhumudwa. Chikumbutso cha Nakhodka chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1979. Ntchitoyi ndi yopangidwa ndi mkuwa.

Chiwerengero cha mkaziyo chikuyang'anizana ndi Gulf of Nakhodka ndipo chikuperekedwa kukumbukira asodzi a "Boksitogorsk", omwe adagwa mu Nyanja ya Barents mu 1965. Zoopsazo zinachitika mu Januwale mvula yamkuntho, imene mphamvu yake inkafika pofika pa 10. Anthu 24 ogwira ntchitoyi anaphedwa. Mwamwayi anatha kuthawa mmodzi yekha - mbuye wa migodi kuchokera ku "Boksitogorsk" Anatoly Okhrimenko.

Pambuyo pa chiboliboli chachikazi amawonetsedwanso sitima ziwiri. Pansi pa dzina la onse oyenda panyanja 24, omwe sanayembekezere amayi awo ndi akazi awo chaka chomwecho.

Wolemba nyumba wamkulu wa Nakhodka, Vladimir Remizov, ankayang'anira ntchitoyo.

Mayi wolira maliro ku Bashkortostan

Chikumbutso chomwecho chimaikidwa mu likulu la Bashkortostan - Ufa. Amapereka kwa asilikali ndi apolisi omwe anafera m'magulu osiyanasiyana a usilikali, kuphatikizapo am'deralo. Chikumbutso chinakhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi Victory Park.

Kutsegulidwa kumeneku kunachitika mu 2003. Wolemba wake anali Nikolai Kalinushkin, Wolemba Wolemekezeka wa Russian Federation.

Zomangamanga zikufanana ndi chikhalidwe chachipembedzo, ndipo mwadala amapangidwa kotero kuti sikutheka kumvetsetsa ngati ziri zachikhristu kapena Muslim. Mmenemo pamsika wotsika kwambiri mayi wochokera ku mkuwa amakhazikitsidwa.

Pafupi ndi apo pali ma granite slabs, omwe maina a anthu a Bashkortostan omwe anamwalira m'mikangano ya usilikali, kuyambira mu 1951, apangidwa.

Chikumbutso chapamwamba

Chikumbutso cha amayi ku Cheboksary ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za likulu la Chuvash Republic. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 46, pamphepete pamunsi pake kumawoneka kuti ndi mayi wamayi amene amadalitsa ana ake ndi kuwalamula kuti azikhala mwamtendere ndi chikondi. Chilembochi chimapangidwa m'zinenero za Chirasha ndi Chivvash.

M'mizinda yambiri muli zikumbutso za amayi. Mbiri mu nkhani iyi aliyense ali ndi zake. Ntchitoyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi ndale - purezidenti wa Chuvashia Nikolay Fedorov. Chifukwa cha ichi adakopeka nzeru zopanga nzeru komanso anthu onse, maziko othandizira adakhazikitsidwa mwapadera.

Chikumbutsochi chimajambula mkazi wokhala ndi zovala zachifumu. Zotsatira zoyamba zinasindikizidwa mu 1996, koma zinayamba kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000.

Wosema pulojekitiyo anali Vladimir Nagornov, amenenso anadziwika kuti anali "Angel of Memory ndi Ulemerero" m'malo ozungulira m'chigawo cha Chuvashia komanso chophimba cha Ostap Bender ndi Kise Vorobyaninov, omwe anaikidwa ku Cheboksary. Anagwirizanitsa ndi alangizi a sayansi ndi anthu ena odziwika bwino, monga Vladimir Filatov.

Chikumbutso chinatsegulidwa pa chaka cha 58 cha Chigonjetso mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko - May 9, 2003.