Zosangalatsa za kangaude. Maphunziro Arachnids: 10 chidwi mfundo

mantha osati nthawi zonse zosangalatsa maganizo ake akangaude, ngakhale kukula yaing'ono kuposa theka la anthu kuchititsa osachepera kusakonda. Pakali pano, pali anthu amene iwo monga ziweto, pamodzi ndi hamsters ndi Zinkhwe. Kodi munaganizapo mmene ife kudziwa za oimira lino nyama? Tikulimbikitsa kuti aphunzire zambiri zokhudza kalasi Arachnida, kuphatikizapo 10 zosangalatsa za kangaude kuti inadzera, ndipo mwina mumadabwa.

Maphunziro Chili gulu lalikulu la osiyanasiyana ndipo si ofanana arthropods mzake. Amakhala ndi nthambi zitatu: zinkhanira, nthata ndi akangaude, onse - 114 zikwi mitundu, kuphatikizapo pafupifupi 2,000 mchere. Ochuluka kuposa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu magulu - 55 ndi 44 zikwi oimira ankalemekeza .. Kale ankatchedwa kalasi Arachnida - Arachnida. Imachokera Chigiriki ndiponso malinga ndi Baibulo limodzi, chifukwa Arachne - skilful nsalu. Odzitukumula, iye anati wakupambana chidziwitso patsogolo luso lake Athena yekha, ndipo anam'pempha kuti mpikisano. Pamodzi ndi kuzindikira izo walandira mulungu wa mkwiyo ndipo anasanduka kangaude ndi, wathedwa kwamuyaya yokhotakhota ndi kukangamira pa Intaneti awo. Mwina ndi mbiri imeneyi akhoza bwinobwino kuyamba mfundo zonse chidwi za kangaude.

Kukula ndi kapangidwe

Maphunziro Nthumwi ubiquitous, koma ambiri okhala apadziko, palinso anthu a madzi oyera ndi mtundu umodzi m'madzi. Miyeso ya arthropods izi amwazikira osiyanasiyana microns angapo makumi a masentimita. Kapangidwe kusiyanitsa magulu awiri: opistosomu (pamimba) ndi mawere (cephalothorax), kubala nthambi chelicerae, pedipalps ndi kuyenda miyendo. Thupi arachnids aphimbidwa ndi cuticle zonyalazo chitin. Akangaude ndi zinkhanira ndi matupi apadera - yadonosny zida, ndipo poyamba komanso sangathenso. Malinga ndi mtundu wa chakudya pafupifupi onse arachnids - zolusa, ndipo mitundu yochepa kuti ndinazolowera kudzala zakudya.

Ndipo tsopano timapereka kupeza zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri ndi zosangalatsa za arachnids (Arachnid), ndipo basi pafupi akangaude monga mamembala wotchuka kwambiri ndi enigmatic m'kalasimo.

Ndipotu №1: kakakulu

Ife tinkakonda kuwona akangaude yaing'ono kunyumba kapena pa msewu, koma n'komwe zoti penapake mu nkhalango zotentha za America South amakhala yaikulu mfundo za gulu mtundu - ndi Goliati Birdeater (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), iye umatchedwa pansi pa dzina tarantula Goliati. thupi miyeso kufika 10 cm, ndi miyendo kufala 25-30 cm. Iwo amatha kugwila mbewa, achule ndi achule, abuluzi, ndi monga ena, mbalame yaing'ono.

Ndipotu №2: webu

Cobweb ndi chinsinsi tochoka zopangitsa wapadera umene uli mlengalenga mofulumira ikamauma ndipo bwino tonse kupanga. Ake mankhwala chikhalidwe - mapuloteni zikuchokera pafupi ulusi umene silika. Izi ndi zimene anthu amadziwa kuti gulu la arachnids. Zosangalatsa za intaneti ambiri. Iye ali wochepa thupi kwambiri ndi kuwala, koma pa yomweyo yolimba. Choncho, intaneti kulemera, zimene zimakhala oplesti dziko lonse lapansi lidzakhala yekha zoposa pang'ono 300 magalamu.

Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati mukuganiza kuti anawomba nsalu kwa kangaude ulusi monga lakuda monga pensulo wamba, ndiye kuti ndisiye ndegeyo. Yaikulu ukonde-kuluka krupnoryady Anefili. Iwo amadziwika monga akangaude nthochi ndipo ali ndi thupi kukula kwa masentimita mpaka 4, ndi ukulu wa miyendo -. 12 masentimita The lalikulu mu dziko lonse ukonde chinalembedwa posachedwapa mu Mantadii (National Park) mu Madagascar. The awiri a "kutchera misampha maukonde" anali mamita 25. Iye anatambasulira chozizwitsa Darwin kangaude. Atafotokoza makhalidwe a intaneti ofufuza anazindikira kuti ndi wapadera mphamvu ndi wamkulu kuposa anthu onse a mitundu ina nthawi 10.

Ndipotu №3: za kubalana

Pakati akangaude bwino anati dimorphism kugonana, akazi amakhala akuluakulu (nthawizina kwambiri) Amuna, kupatula iwo amakhala moyo wautali. Ichi ndi chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, amuna a mitundu pambuyo manyowa mazira, iwo anapha okha, ndipo kachiwiri, iwo akhoza kupha wamkazi. Zosangalatsa za arthropods (Arachnids mu nkhani iyi) Zikanakhala Sindingachite popanda kutchula wathuwu wakuda wamasiye (Black Wamasiye). njoka ake kawopsedwe anthu pa nthawi yoopsa njoka yambobo. Dzina la kangaude chifukwa chakuti pambuyo umuna, nthawi zambiri, chabe wamkazi wadya wamwamuna. Chiwerengero cha mazira anaika angafikire 20 chikwi.

Ndipotu №4: poizoni

"Guinness World Records" mu 2010 anazindikira mtundu wa a ku Brazil kuyendayenda kangaude kwambiri chakupha mphamvu ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu. malo awo achilengedwe yochepa ku Central ndi South America. Mtundu, malinga ndi kafukufuku, mitundu itatu, yotsirizira chatsegulidwa posachedwapa - mu 2001. njoka awo lili neurotoxin oopsa ndi amphamvu kuti ndi poizoni ndende kumabweretsa contractions minofu kusalankhula ndipo kumaphatikizapo kumangidwa kupuma. Komabe, pali mankhwala ogwira mtima amachepetsa chiwerengero cha imfa yochepa.

Ndipotu №5: za chakudya

Njira kudya ndi zakudya kwakukulukulu kudalira pa mitundu. Choncho, ena oimira kangaude mungathe kudya kwa masiku angapo pa chaka. Komabe, mfundo zosangalatsa za sayansi (Arachnids tili mu malingaliro, makamaka) chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kopanda wa mndandanda wa "Kodi ngati?" Choncho, ngakhale njala kuponya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akangaude kudya chaka ndi zotsalira zazomera okwana owonjezera buku la anthu onse. Ndiko kuti, ngati iwo kudya anthu, n'zosavuta kuti wachitiranji ife kwa masiku atatu.

Akangaude - ndi alenje, koma iwo chakudya chawo mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Mfumukazi spinner nsomba. Pogwirizanitsa ukonde wa mitengo iwiri, izo Sachita ulusi ufulu ndi m'malovu a secretions kumapeto ndi kuwonerera. Mwamsanga chisoni osiyanasiyana, iwo amayamba adzagwedeze "nyambo", motero kukopa tcheru. Njenjete ndi tizilombo tina, kum'mamatira, alibenso mpata kumasuka ndi kangaude akuyamba mokoma kukoka ulusi kumbuyo yokha.

Ndipotu №6: kachiwiri za chakudya

Chidwi mfundo za nkhawa kangaude mmene arthropods izi kusaka ndi kudya. Osati nthawi zonse kangaude amasankha ochitiridwayo, nthawi zambiri amazipeza izo. Amadziwika kuli zinthu edible, ndipo mungathe kuyesa kwa kupeza ufulu. Makamaka wotchuka chifukwa chochuluka ngati zosowa Asian zakudya. Ndipo ngakhale chakupha tarantula mu malo ake anthu a m'dziko (Cambodia, Laos) amasangalala akagwira pa moto. Tsopano m'njira zambiri akutumikira kukopa alendo chidwi.

Ndipotu №7: Kangaude-zamasamba

Lonena za mfundo zosangalatsa za Kangaude, kalasi Ichi sichitheka osanenapo woimira. Ambiri akangaude a - adani. Komabe, malamulo onse, monga ife tikudziwira, pali kuchotserapo, mu nkhani iyi - Bagheera Kipling. Kagulu kangaude yowala mtundu (onani chithunzi) amakhala acacias ndi adya zomera. Iwo ananena kuti mu zaka za chilala komanso kusowa chakudya, iwo akhoza kusuntha kwa kudya.

Ndipotu №8: kusaka

Kuluka amange zopezera - kwambiri osati akangaude onse. Pali anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito woonda ulusi monga chuma yomanga nyumba zokhalamo imene wamkazi amaikira mazira m'tsogolo. Kulumpha kangaude mwakhama usana ndi alenje ndi masomphenya lakuthwa. Ali ndi chidwi dongosolo hayidiroliki wa thupi, amene amalola kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kukuza nthambi ndi kupanga kudumpha pa mtunda wautali. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, pamaso kuchita iwo, kangaude amatenga mosamala ndipo wotetezedwa gossamer ulusi ku malo apachiyambi. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu morph imvi.

Ndipotu nambala 9: pa moyo amayembekezeka

Motsimikiza za angati moyo akangaude kovuta. Koma tikudziwa kuti osachepera - izo ziri kwa msinkhu ndi mating (kwa miyezi ingapo chaka). Kuti, zifanso munthu pambuyo motumikiridwa cholinga chake - kubereka ana. Komabe, zosangalatsa za arachnids kwenikweni m'gulu tarantulas. Iwo ali akatswiri mu moyo, ngakhale izo zimatengera pansi. Amuna woyamba kufa pambuyo mating. zazikazi M'malo mwake, angathe kukhala zaka zambirimbiri. Iwo anafotokoza kuti ukapolo kugwilizana ndi zinthu zonse ena toyesa kufika zaka 30 zakubadwa.

Ndipotu №10: za zinkhanira

Zilombozi chodabwitsa mwinamwake arthropods ambiri akale amene kamodzi anatuluka nyanja ku dziko (zaka zoposa 400 miliyoni zapitazo), ngakhale kukula nthawi yawo chinali chosangalatsa kwambiri - mpaka 1 mita m'litali. maganizo Current ndi zambiri wodzichepetsa kwambiri mu kukula. Waukulu woimira gulu - mfumu chinkhanira (20 cm), wamng'ono - 13 mm. Iwo idyani moyo chakudya, madzi, osamwa, ndi kusala zaka ziwiri. Kwambiri chakupha ndi nthumwi Israeli a chinkhanira, chimene chimachititsa 90% ya anthu onse amene anafa analumidwa arthropods mu Africa North.

Izi ndi kangaude oopsa kwambiri. Zosangalatsa za zinkhanira kumaliza pamwamba 10 mudziwe chodabwitsa za phunziroli wa arthropods. Komabe, izi si mndandanda wonse, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha nkhokwe kwa munthu akadali zambiri zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi.