Grenostaevaya mole: zithunzi ndi njira zokulimbana nazo

Poyamba mwezi wa May ku Russia, nthawi yokongola ikuyamba, pamene mizinda imakhala yobiriwira, mpweya umadzaza ndi fungo losakaniza la maapulo ndi mbalame yamatcheri, ndipo mumzinda wamakilometera m'munda wamaluwa akukonzekera ziweto zawo m'dzinja yokolola. Koma zimachitika kuti mitengo imasankhidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi anthu kuti adziphatikize nawo kumalo otetezeka a malo obiriwira. Mmodzi mwa anthu amene amawombera ndi njenjete ya ermine . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwera pothana nazo.

Kulongosola kwachidule

Mawu akuti "njenjete ya manderm" ankatchedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo omwe anali banja la agulugufe a mtundu wa lepidoptera. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu 600 ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Miyeso yawo si yaikulu: mapikowa ndi milimita sikisi mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Zamoyo zimenezi zimakhala makamaka m'madera otentha, koma mitundu ina imapezeka ku Russia.

Oimira a banja lino amadyetsa zomera. Nthawi zina amatha kudya mizu, nthawi zambiri masamba. Nkhumba zimakhazikika pa tsinde ndi masamba a mitengo, pang'onopang'ono zimawagwedeza ndi mphutsi. Mwanjira iyi, zinyama zapachilengedwe zimalengedwa, kumene tizilombo timapanga timodzi timodzi kapena timagulu timodzi timodzi. Mbozi zambiri zimatha kukhazikika pa mtengo umodzi. Zomera nthawi zambiri sizilimbana ndi anthu ambiri ndipo zimamwalira. Kudyetsa mtundu winawake wa njere, njenjete imawononga nkhalango ndi ulimi.

Mitundu yodziwika

Kugawo la Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo, mungapeze pafupifupi mitundu khumi ya njenjete ya ermine. Chovulaza chachikulu ku nkhalango ndi minda imayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo, "mwapadera" pa apulo ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa.

Mtundu wa mtundu wa apulo umapezeka pa British Isles, Sweden ndi Finland, m'madera a Siberia, ku Korea, Japan, m'madera ena a Canada ndi USA. Mbozi ya njenjete, mdima wakuda ndi miyendo yakuda ndi mawanga, m'madera ena amakhalanso ndi dzina lakuti "May worm".

Mbalame yam'madzi-chitumbuwa imapezeka m'madera ambiri ochokera ku Caucasus kupita ku China. Monga momwe zilili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndizovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri sagwira ntchito. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, tizilombo timatayika chifukwa cha zinthu zachibadwa, ndipo mitengo yowonongeka imabwezeretsedwa. Inde, ngati mutakana tizilombo, ndiye kuti njirayi idzafulumira kwambiri. Tizilombo taima tizitha kulimbana ndi chomeracho zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kuphulika kwa njenjete

Ku mbali ya Ulaya ya Russia, njenjete yam'madzi imakhudza mitengo ya Moscow ndi zigawo za Leningrad. Kuphulika kwa tizilombo tomweku kunayambika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90. Chakumapeto kwa mitengo ya 90 ya Krasnoyarsk Territory anavutika nazo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, moleyu anaonekera ku Khanty-Mansiysk. Mu 2006, kubereka kwa tizilombo tinawonetseredwa ku Sweden. Mu 2012, mliri unayamba ku Irkutsk. Chaka chilichonse chiŵerengero cha anthu chikuwonjezeka, ndipo izi zikhoza kuchititsa kuti minda yonse ndi mbali zina za nkhalango zikhale ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Ngakhale kulimbana kwakukulu ndi tizilombo, m'nyengo yotsatira chilimwe chimabwerera kachiwiri ndipo mphamvu yatsopano imapha mitengo. Tizilombo timatha zaka zingapo (kuyambira 2 mpaka 5). Pa nthawi yomweyi, kulimbana ndi chaka kumayenera kutchulidwa kwambiri, monga zinyama zikhoza kukhazikitsa chitetezo ku njira zakale ndi kukonzekera.

Kuwonekera kwa tizilombo

Gornostaevaya njenjete, chithunzi chomwe chimawoneka pansipa, chili ndi zofewa, koma zokongola. M'madera a Russia, agulugufe a mtundu woyera amakhala ndi mizere itatu kapena isanu ya tiyi tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono pamapiko oyambirira. Mapiko a mbawala amajambulidwa mu imvi, komanso pansi pazitsulo. Mtundu wawo uli 20-26 mm. Ziwombankhanga zimatuluka usiku.

Nyongolotsi za tizilombo toyimbidwazo zimakhala zofiira-chikasu, zimakhala ndi mizere yakuda ndi mutu wakuda. Monga mapiko a agulugufe, kumbali zawo ndizing'onozing'ono.

Moyo Wopitirira

Njenjete ya ermine imakhala kwa chaka chimodzi. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, agulugufe amaika mazira pa mtengo wa fodya, kuwaphimba ndi chishango cha ntchentche zotetezera. Mbozi imatha pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 pambuyo pake ndikukhala pansi pa chishango kwa nyengo yonse yozizira. Kumeneko amadyetsa mazira ndi makungwa ena. Mu kasupe, amasunthira mkati mwa masamba ndikudya kuchokera mkati, ndikusiya chipolopolo chapakati. Kukula, nyongolotsi zimasunthira kumbali ya kunja kwa tsamba, ndikupanga ukonde wa kangaude pa iwo.

Chakumapeto kwa May, mbozi zambiri zimapanga zisa za akangaude pamwamba pa mitengo, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimakula. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, tizilombo pupate. Makoti amaikidwa m'magulu m'magulu a nthambi. Chakumapeto kwa June, agulugufe atsopano amaoneka.

Kuwonongeka

Mbalame yambiri ya mbozi ingathe kuwononga mtengo. Koma ngakhale sizibwera ku izi, apulo kapena mbalame yamtengo wapatali, yomwe njere njenjete yakhazikika, idzawonongeka kwambiri. Pa moyo wawo waung'ono, mbozi zimawononga masamba a mtengo. Choyamba iwo amadya kwambiri (parenchyma) ya masamba aang'ono achichepere, akusiya kokha chigoba chakunja. Popanda maselo amkati, masamba sangathe kugwira ntchito, mapuloteni amatha, masamba owuma, amakhala ofiira ndi kugwa. Kenaka, pansi pa ukonde wa kangaude, tizilombo timapitirizabe kudya korona wa mtengo, kusiya mbewu popanda chivundikiro chobiriwira. Chomera chimene chataya masamba sichitha kukula, chimachepetsanso kukula kwake, sichitha kuphuka ndi kubereka zipatso. Pambuyo pake, zingatenge zoposa chaka kuti mupeze.

M'mizinda, chifukwa cholimbirana ndi tizilombo sizingatheke kuti imfa ya mtengo, ngati maonekedwe aesthetically osamvetsetseka a zomera, zomwe zimakhudza njenjete ya ermine. Chithunzi cha mitengo ya apulo ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa cha mbalame zikuwonetsa momwe iwo amawonekera m'misewu ya mumzinda.

Njira zowononga tizilombo

Ziribe kanthu kuti njenjete ya herermine inali yoopsa bwanji, njira zothetsera izo zilipo. Ngati mupanga mankhwala oyenera pa nthawi yake, sichidzafa ndipo idzapitirizabe kufalikira ndi kubereka zipatso pambuyo pa nthawi yochira. Mankhwalawa angathe kupangidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa misampha ya pheromone, kukopa njenjete zazimayi. Ngati mtengo sukukhudzidwa kwambiri, mutha kusonkhanitsa zisa ndi masamba ofiira. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa, ayenera kuwotchedwa pamodzi ndi mbozi.

Mbali za mankhwala a mankhwala

Kulimbana ndi njenjete ya ermine ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi tizilombo zotsatirazi: amadyera a Paris, yankho la arsenic kapena Bordeaux madzi. Ngati palibe zitsulo ziwiri pamtengo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Lepidocid", "Danadim", "Bitoxybacillin". Kulima kwachinsinsi kumalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Actellik", powona njira zotetezera, chifukwa ndi poizoni kwambiri. Processing mitengo ikuchitika mosamalitsa pamaso kapena pambuyo maluwa! Kukonzekera koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Kenaka nkhuku zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa pamitengo maluwa. Mu July, ndibwino kuti mutengenso mtengowo, chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe akuluakulu amayamba kuika mazira.

Mankhwala a anthu

Sikuti akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ali ndi zida zothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mmene mungagwirire ndi njere zam'mimba zingathenso kulingalira ndi amaluwa osambira amaluwa. Mwachitsanzo, alimi ena amalimbikitsa kupopera mitengo ndi zotsatirazi: thumba la tsabola wofiira, phukusi la makhorka, botolo limodzi la potassium permanganate, ndi tsamba la anyezi ndi adyo limawonjezeredwa mu chidebe cha madzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumayenera kuumirizidwa masiku atatu. Ngati palibe chilakolako chokonzekera, mukhoza kutsuka Coca-Cola wamba pamtengo.

Njira ina yodziwika bwino sikuti idye, koma kugwira tizirombo. Kuti muchite izi, thunthu la mtengo likulumikizidwa pambali yotsamira ndi tepi yokha. Scotch iyenera kusinthidwa ngati ikudza ndi tizilombo. Mu msampha wotero si njenjete yam'mimba yokha imene idzagwa. Njira zolimbanirana zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizoyenera tizilombo tina. Kuthamanga kwa tizirombo pa zomera ndi masoka achirengedwe, mofanana ndi mvula yayitali kapena kutentha kwautali. Kupulumutsa ku zisonkhezero zosayenerera za mmera zidzakuthandizani kuchita panthawi yake. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, kufikira atatha. Ngati simukuchita izi, mtengowo ukhoza kufa. Ndipo pambuyo pa mole adzasamukira ku zina, akadali ndi thanzi labwino, kutsogolera pambuyo poti adzafa.