Zolemba za ambarnous: kufotokoza momwe tingachotsere

Nkhumba za ambarnous ndi imodzi mwazirombo ndi zoopsa kwambiri za mbewu za tirigu (barele, mpunga, rye, tirigu, buckwheat, chimanga, ndi pasita), zomwe zingapereke malo osungirako bwino pazitsulo za kakhitchini ndi malo osungiramo mbewu. Kwa alimi, mawonekedwe ake ndi tsoka, chifukwa siwoneka kuti ndi lopanda phindu, kachilomboka kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.

Zolemba zowonongeka: kufotokoza

Odziwika ndi miyeso yaing'ono (pafupifupi 4 mm), tizilombo timene timasiyanitsa ndi mdima wofiira, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda, thupi lochepa kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa mapiko. Kwa ndege ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinasinthidwe, zomwe sizilepheretsa kuyenda bwino pamtunda waukulu mothandizidwa ndi mwamuna. Pa sitimayi yokhala ndi tirigu wambiri, ndi malo - ndi sitima ndi magalimoto, kuchokera ku continent kupita ku continent amayenda granary weevil. Kodi mungachotse bwanji tizilombo toopsa?

Njira yoberekera ya tizilombo ngati imeneyi imapezeka nthawi yozizira: Mzimayi pa njere iliyonse ndi proboscis woonda kwambiri amakola dzenje (mu tirigu wa chimanga - awiri), amaika dzira mmenemo, kenako phulusa likuphimba kusiyana. Chinyengo ichi chimapangitsa mbewu zowonongeka kunja kuti zisadziwike konse. Kusiyanitsa "chinyengo chamanyazi" n'kotheka ngati nkhuni zing'onozing'ono zimaponyedwa m'madzi: zowonongeka (zowonongeka) zidzakwera pamwamba, zonsezi zidzazama pansi. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mungathe kuona kuti tirigu ndi mphutsi ndi maulendo 10 kuposa mtundu wa osadziwikawo.

Moyo wa granary weevil

Kutenga munthu mmodzi ndi mazira 150-300 ndi moyo wa miyezi 3-4; Amuna amakhala kanthawi pang'ono, pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Kutalika kwa kukula kwa mphutsi (kutalika pafupifupi 3 mm, woyera, ndi bulauni mutu) kumadalira kutentha ndi chinyezi ndipo ndi masabata 3-6. Mmodzi angathe kulingalira kuti zingati zikwi zambiri za tizilombo timatha kupanga pepala limodzi la nyamakazi pachaka. Pa kutentha kwa +4 ^о С, mphutsi imaima patsogolo, pa -5 ^о С - kufa. Pamapeto pa chitukuko, amasanduka 3-5 mm m'litali. Pambuyo masiku 7 mpaka 22, kachilomboka kakang'ono kamene kamapangika mu chipolopolocho chimadumpha kudutsa pamsewu ndikuchoka kunja. Kawirikawiri nthawi ya moyo ya chitsanzo chachikulu ndi pafupifupi zaka 2. Patsiku limodzi, mphutsi imodzi imawononga mbewu ya 0,08-0,67 mg, ikung'amba mkati mwake; Choncho, kuchuluka kwake kwa tizilomboti kumatha kuwononga kuchuluka kwa masamba.

Kuwonongeka kwa kachilomboka kameneka m'khitchini

Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati granary weevil? Kodi mungachotse bwanji tizilombo tochepa koma towononga m'khola ndi khitchini? Pogwiritsa ntchito zidole zapakhomo, pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka mu croup, mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, chifukwa ma carcinogens ali m'mabulu a tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Mankhwala opatsirana ayenera kutayidwa, ndipo ndi weevil kuti ayambe kulimbika, mwinamwake, kwa nthawi yayitali. Nkhosa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisungidwe mu zitini kapena zitsulo zotsekedwa bwino - osati m'matumba omwe granary weevil (chithunzi pamwambapa) amangozizira mosavuta mano ake opambana. Zimbombo za ambarne ndi zolengedwa zamtundu wautentha ndipo zimafa kutentha. Choncho, monga njira imodzi yothetsera nsikidzi, mungagwiritse ntchito kuziziritsa: mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chophimba - amaika mufiriji. Kuwononga malo okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Choncho, pa +40 ^o C, tizilombo ta tizilombo timafera masiku awiri, pa +50 ^о С - pambuyo pa maola 6. Pambuyo pokonza, zida zodyera ziyenera kuikidwa m'mitsuko yosindikizidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba, zosatheka kwa tizilombo.

Njira za anthu

Mwapang'onopang'ono pa granary weevil adyo, peeled kuchokera ku mankhusu ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe ndi zida. Zolinga zothandizira, makabati, kumene zakudya zimasungidwa, ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi sopo ndi sopo ya acetic. Pa maalumali akhoza kuwonongeka Bay masamba ndi lavender, fungo limene weevil sadziwa. Musapange zitsamba zazikulu, zomwe zimagulitsidwa bwino ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zilombo zowonongeka: kumenyana

Zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa granary weevil m'malo osungiramo katundu, chifukwa tizilombo timabisala m'malo ovuta kufika, ndipo kukhala mkati mwa tirigu sizingatheke, ndipo timatha kuwononga mbeu 10 mpaka 30%. Kulimbana ndi granary weevil ndizotsatira izi:

• Kuzizira kolimba kwa njere (mpaka -10 ^о С), yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi pazinthu zowononga komanso pakuwononga zirombo zomwe zilipo. Kuzizira kumachitika mu nyengo youma ndi mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino. Izi zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa koyenera kwa chinyezi.
• Mbali imodzi ya granary weevil ikhoza kutayidwa mwa kuichotsa pa sieves ndi mabowo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera. Kuyenda kulikonse kwa njere kumakhudza kwambiri vuto la tizilombo towononga, kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo ndi chitukuko.

Njira zamagetsi zothana ndi weevil

Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zothetsera granary weevil ndiyo mankhwala osokoneza bongo - chiyeso chokwanira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi aerosol kapena mankhwala a gasi. Kutsegula kwa piritsi kumaphatikizapo mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera "Aktellik", "Karate", "Fufanon", "Arrivo". Chithandizochi, chomwe chimapindulitsa kwambiri ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a mankhwala, amapangidwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Zolakwitsa za njira zoterezi zikuphatikizapo nthawi yaitali chisanachitike chisankho cha kugulitsa mbewu.

Maginito osokoneza gasi amayamba ndi mankhwala monga "Foscom", "Alfos", "Fostoksin", "Magtoxin". Pambuyo pake, malowa ayenera kusindikizidwa mosamalitsa, ndipo fumigation iyenera kuchitidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa mabungwe apadera.

Kupewa granary weevil

Ndikofunika kutsatira njira zothandizira:

• Asanagone mu bunkers, mbewuzo ziyenera kutsukidwa namsongole ndi zosabala za tirigu;
• Sungani nthawi yokolola mosiyana ndi chinyezi;
• Sungani mosamala zitsulo kuchokera kumbewu za chaka chatha ndi nkhokwe zowonongeka;
• Onetsetsani kuti chinyontho cha tirigu (osachepera 14%) chimakhala chonchi; Pankhani yosungirako nthawi yayitali, chizindikirochi chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2-4%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zisawonongeke ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwonongeke;
• Kuwononga zida zonyansa.

Ngati pali matenda amphamvu, nkofunika kufuta mbewu ndi malo osungirako mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake chili.

Monga njira yowonetsetsera, m'pofunika kusunga ukhondo ndi kukonzekera m'mabwalo osungira katundu, kuwasamalira mankhwala (pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotsekemera, kupuma kwa madzi ndi kutayika kwa malo osungiramo katundu), asanagone kuti apange utoto.

Kuyendera tirigu kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tiyenera kumachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse m'chilimwe komanso kamodzi pa mwezi m'nyengo yozizira. Kufufuza kwa kachirombo kumachitidwa molingana ndi njira zowonetsera komanso miyezo.