Gulu la zomera

N'zokayikitsa kuti ngakhale munthu mmodzi moyo lero amadziwa amene anali anthu oyamba kuzindikira mitundu yonse ya zomera kusiyana ndi kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wawo wapadera. Palibe, zoona, dzina maina a akatswiri akale aja, anayamba kuchita ngati tagwirizana nebhodimo anthu monga gulu mbewu.

Woyamba zoyesayesa amantha kuti m'kagulu zomera akutsatira kufanana kwa zipangizo kunja kuphunzira. N'chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zotsatira anali kulakwitsa. Komabe, zakuya kuphunzira zitsanzo za zomera, asayansi analandira mfundo zonse zatsopano, kwambiri patsogolo kuphunzira zomera.

Gawo yamakono ya zomera, monga classifications ambiri a zinthu zamoyo, zachokera pa mfundo zodziwika bwino za Darwin. Ndi mtundu wa banja mtengo kuti ali nthambi zambiri. Natural kutsimikizira kulondola kwa chiphunzitso ichi ndi paleontological amapeza zosiyanasiyana. Analysis wa kapangidwe ka wakale zomera zinatha ndi kufanizitsa ake ndi toyesa ano kulola ife kuweruza magwero a mitundu ndi kudziwa kunayamba kale zomera ano. Ndi chifukwa cha maphunziro amenewa, ndi mgwirizano mu gulu mbewu ndi "kholo" wamba. Pa nthawi ya mayesero amenewa botanical mosamala mme- njira zinachokera aliyense nyemba ndi m'kagulu izo.

Iwo akhoza kugawidwa zomera ku apamwamba zomera m'munsi. M'munsi ndi algae ndi lichens, ndi apamwamba - izo ndere, gymnosperms, Mumapezekanso ndi zomera maluwa. Choncho, magulu awa anawagawa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana.

Lalikulu angatchedwe angiosperms dipatimenti kapena zomera maluwa, womwenso mitengo, zitsamba, zakutchire ndi tizilombo chikhalidwe. Tikumbukenso kuti iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mnzake mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula, komanso moyo amayembekezeka ndi zina zambiri. Ndi kuti bwinobwino kuyenda mu chipolowe izi zinyama, ndi gulu la zomera maluwa analengedwa. Ndinatuluka limodzi pakati pa nambala yaikulu mabanja, kupanga magulu ndi subgroups, monga mtundu, mtundu, kuti, kalasi ndi kugawikana. Magulu amenewa zinalengedwa potengera makhalidwe a dongosolo la, njira ya chitukuko m'dera ndi kubalana zomera.

kusintha kwambiri gulu la zomera anavutika 1789. Buku, lomwe linalembedwa ndi katswiri wotchuka Antuan Loran Jussieu amatchedwa "Kubereka mbewu ili ndi chilengedwe," Gawo Dipatimenti ya maluwa kuti makalasi 15, mkati imene inalipo 100 "chilengedwe." Ntchito imeneyi dziko wotchuka French katswiri, ndipo ambiri mwa mayina anausankha iwo ali lero.

Ena okonda zachilengedwe ali sanachite kwambiri ichi sayansi wokongola zovuta katswiri wina, koma chikondi kawetedwe houseplants. Mu nyumba iyi, "asayansi" Kungakhalenso kothandiza gulu la zomera m'nyumba, lomwe limapanga malire a gawo ili m'magulu atatu: zolimbitsa mbewu kuunikira, mthunzi-ololera ndi kuwala wachikondi.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zomera pafupifupi onse odziwika. Komatu, hydrangeas, primroses, ndi begonias osangalala ngati kuwala zolimbitsa.

Gulu lachiwiri - Mumapezekanso, Ivy, chipinda mpesa zomera boxwood, m'malo mwakachetechete kupulumuka mu ngodya pamthunzi wa m'munda.

Gulu lachitatu - ana a dzuwa, nkhadze, bulugamu ndi Coleus, kubzala mbewu sanena miyoyo yawo popanda cheza waulemu wa dzuwa ndipo mofulumira kufa kwa kupanda kuyatsa.

Alibe mfundo zikuluzikulu za gulu zomera ndi mafani wa greenery zobiriwira ndi okongola a nyumba. Chinthu chachikulu kwa iwo - ichi ndi feteleza yake, kutsirira, kusintha nthaka ndi Kuphunzira okwanira okondedwa awo. Ndipotu, m'malo mbewu kubweretsa chitonthozo ndi chikhalidwe cha mtendere ndi chokha wochepa chithumwa zinyama