Nyanja Sarykamysh: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi mfundo

Ku Central Asia, basi mu pakati pa Caspian ndi mofulumira m'mbuyo Aral Nyanja ndi endorheic nyanja Sarykamysh ndi kufikako. chidwi kwambiri hydrology, komanso mbiri ya dziwe ili. Komanso, angapo nthano chidwi ndi ankalumidwa ndi kugwirizana ndi nyanja.

Sarykamysh nyanja: madera dziwe

Sarikamis - mmodzi wa matupi waukulu wa madzi ku Central Asia ndipo ndi nyanja yaikulu kwambiri ku Turkmenistan. Pezani pa mapu sikovuta. nyanja ili pakati pa Caspian ndipo Nyanja Aral pafupifupi pakati pa iwo. Pa mapu thupi pansipa umaonekera ndi asterisk wofiira:

Kumbali Geological Sarykamysh nyanja ali pakati pa beseni homonymous. Iwo ali mawonekedwe a lathyathyathya zamkati chowulungika zophimbidwa m'madambo mchere ndi mchenga ataphwetsedwa. Sarikamish maganizo, nayenso, ndi malire kumpoto kwa Karakum chipululu.

Kumbali ndale ndi utsogoleri Sarykamysh nyanja wa awiri limati Central Asia. 70% ya padziko (kum'mwera) ali Turkmenistan ndi wina 30% (mbali kumpoto ndi kumadzulo) - Uzbekistan. Kugombe kumpoto kwa nyanjayi ali Karakalpakstan mabwalo a ku Uzbekistan, ndi kum'mwera, ndi kum'mawa ikukhudzana bwanji ndi Dashoguz velayat la Turkmenistan.

Hydrology, magawo, ndi zinyama nsomba za kunyanja

Dzina la madzi ndi chiyambi Turkic ndipo limatanthauza 'mabango chikasu. " Gombe la nyanja kwambiri indented ndipo ambiri mchenga. Iwo kalekale Sarykamysh nyanja ankasiyana olemera ndi wapadera zinyama. Mu madzi a Chinsomba nthawi zonse (carp, nsomba, mlamba, ndi mitundu ina), ndi zilumba zambiri mwadzaza masewera. Pano mukhoza kupeza nkhosa yam'tchire hyena, Boar zakutchire, ndi vuwo kapena flamingo. Chifukwa amateteza nyama za m'madzi a mbalame m'chigawo iwo unalengedwa Sarykamysh Reserve.

Nyanja Sarykamysh ali magawo zotsatirazi:

• kutalika - 120 kukafika;
• m'lifupi - 40 kukafika;
• pafupifupi kuya - 8 mamita;
• pazipita kuya - 40 mamita;
• chiwerengero cha madzi mu nyanja imeneyi 12,000 kiyubiki mamita. meters.

Nyanja Ayala kumpoto kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Western gombe la posungira ndi phompho ndi kwakukulu, ndi kuzama ake pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera ndi patsogolo gombe kum'mawa. Kum'mawa kwa nyanja umayenda mu njira yokumba, ndilo limafotokoza wokhutira.

Nyanja Sarykamysh mbiri posungira

Thupi landlocked wa madzi ndi madzi owawa mchere kotani pa "thupi" wa dziko si mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu. Amadziwika kuti anali pa mapeto a Neogene ndi Zapakati. Ndipo pa mapeto a XIX atumwi, nyanja zouma kachiwiri (pa mapu akale Soviet simudzandipeza izo). Onse kusintha kudalira madzi kulandira wa Amu Darya beseni Sarikamish kapena ayi. Pamene njira ya mtsinje chasanduka kwa Nyanja Aral, nyanja auma.

Mu Soviet Union, ndi thambo lalikulu la mayiko Central Asia yokutidwa m'minda ya thonje. M'dzinja ndi yozizira, m'minda amenewa bwinobwino anatsuka ntchito njira yapadera m'ngalande ulimi wothirira. Madzi chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ladzala ndi zinthu zoipa kutsukidwa kwa nthaka. Gwiritsani ntchito "ankatenthetsa" madzi anapatutsa thando ndi bwinja malo, kumene pa nthawi anapanga madzi ambiri chakupha. Mmodzi wa iwo anali nyanja Sarykamysh.

Kudzaza Sarykamysh maganizo zinachitika 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Mu 1977, dera pamwamba nyanja anali 1500 sq. Km, ndi mapeto a 80s ndi chinawonjezeka ndi mamita lalikulu 3,000. Km. Today Sarykamysh okwana m'dera ndi za 5 zikwi lalikulu. Km.

nkhani Environmental Nyanja

Kodi anthu ntchito Sarykamysh nyanja lero? Kwenikweni, chilichonse. Ndipotu, kuyambira mu 1971, beseni ake anadzazidwa chakupha zinthu (mankhwala ophera tizilombo), nadzatsuka ndi munda thonje. Ndi angati a iwo anapeza mu nyanja pa nthawi yonseyi - palibe amene tsopano anatha kunena motsimikiza osati. Komabe, m'madera ena Sarykamysh bwino anayamba nsomba.

Nyanjayi si mosavuta, ndipo m'mphepete mwake bwinja. Kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa pa pamwamba ozizira overhang ake mphutsi (ledges) Ustyurt ndi njira kumpoto thereto ndigwire Karabaur zitunda. Kumbali yakum'mwera ya gombe la nyanja ndi fringed mchenga wa Karakum chipululu. Komanso, m'madera ambiri (chifukwa kusinthasintha madzi) mwanyanja kukhala kuwoloka Marsh.

Wina vuto lalikulu Sarykamysh nyanja - chinawonjezeka ndi amenewa la madzi ake. Panopa pa mlingo wa 15-20 ppm ndi kukula.

Mu 2013, Turkmenistan unkatchedwa ntchito wofuna kulenga lalikulu yokumba nyanja Altyn Asyr. Kuti ntchitoyi kwa chuma cha boma akhala allocated $ biliyoni 4.5. Pafupifupi 50% ya madzi inflow m'nyanja tsogolo kupereka njira-zobwezedwa wakudya nyanja ndi Sarikamis. Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire thupi la madzi m'tsogolo, mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "golide" a ntchitoyo, palibe amene akudziwa bwinobwino.

Sarykamysh nyanja chilombo

A zosiyanasiyana nkhani lachinsinsi ndi nthano Nyanja Sarykamysh anayamba mwakhama kuti adzabadwira 70s m'ma. Monga momwe iwo ndi zoona - zovuta kunena. Koma pa kudziwika kwa malo mphekesera akufalitsa mu Soviet Union.

Choncho, asodzi odziwa anatiuza kuti ndaweza mu nyanja nsomba chachilendo ndi zosamveka bwino. Alenje pa m'mphepete mwake bwino adatafuna mafupa saiga. Ndani kodi kuwasiya? Chifukwa anthu opha konse butchered zofunkha zake wakuda ndi aukhondo.

Kenako pafupi ndi Sarıkamış anthu anayamba kukumana yaikulu zachilendo chilombo, monga ngati ng'ona, kapena pa polojekiti buluzi. Izi ogwirira ndi maso aakulu wozungulira mwadzidzidzi analumpha kuchokera mchenga ndi kupha kopanda abusa, apaulendo, asodzi ndi asayansi.

Sarikamish Karkidon

mizukwa Local yotchuka dzina Karkidon. Nthawi zambiri Sarykamysh "Chupacabra" anali monga ng'ona ndi mchira makina ndi miyendo yaitali kwambiri anafotokoza. The kutalika kwa thupi la chilombo anafika mamita awiri (a mita theka anagwa pa mchira nyama).

Karkidon makamaka anadya saiga mphalapala, nkhosa ndi nkhosa yam'tchire. Nthawi zina anaukira anthu. Ambiri amaganiza kuti zowopsa izi chikanachitika chifukwa cha masinthidwe a abuluzi imvi chifukwa cha mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala.

Anali kumeneko Karkidon kwenikweni? Kapena zinali chimodzi chabe mwa nthano zisachitike? Tsopano zovuta kunena, chifukwa palibe umboni wa moyo wawo ayi. Akukhulupirira kuti tsoka la Karkidon anali anathana pamsonkhano chinsinsi cha Politburo mu 1978. Kukonza malo ku osinthika ikuchitika mobisa, ndi nkhani ya usilikali. Ngakhale n'zotheka kuti anthu angapo opulumutsidwa liwunikidwenso.

Pomaliza

Sarykamysh nyanja - waukulu landlocked madzi ku Central Asia, kumalire a Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan. Nthawi yotsiriza beseni nyanja anadzazidwa mu 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Pamodzi ndi madzi muli ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipa ndi m'minda ulimi, kutembenuzira poizoni mchere nyanja sump.