Iron okusayidi inki: makhalidwe, ntchito

Opanga ayenera nthawi zonse kutukula mpikisano wa malonda awo chifukwa cha machulukitsidwe panopa msika ndi katundu kunja ndi Russian. Choncho, imodzi ndi katundu Mkhalidwe mankhwala ndi zofunika kukongoletsa tokha.

tanthauzo

Iron okusayidi inki ndi zochita kupanga zipangizo mtundu wapangidwa oxides ndi okusayidi hydrates a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana valency. Mwa njira yodalirika iwo anawagawa zachilengedwe ndi kupanga. Poyerekeza ndi yamasika zachilengedwe ntchito kawirikawiri. Iwo wolungama zili izi mkulu wa wothandizila ochekenera mu inki monga mtengo kupanga ndi otsika. Iron oxides ndi mitundu yambiri ya mtundu kuchokera wakuda ndi malankhulidwe buluu wobiriwira ndi chikasu.

Iron okusayidi inki: makhalidwe

Pakati pa katundu wa inki ndi Dziwani izi:

• Kufalitsa mlingo amasonyeza mlingo kuphimba ndege za umodzi. M'munsi chithunzi, zinthu zochepa udzakhala.
• Dispersity. Ndi kucheperachepera fineness zawonjezera ochekenera.
• Mwamphamvu - ndi luso kusamutsa mtundu wawo pamene wothira zinthu zina machulukitsidwe ena. Chimasonyeza mphamvu ngati anthu a muyezo outputted ndi Mlengi.
• Lightfastness ndi kukana kuti zotsatira photochemical.
• Mosalekeza. Kaya kamvekedwe phwando sayenera kusintha kukula.
• Matenthedwe bata - luso kusunga mtundu mu akuchipatala kutentha osiyanasiyana.
• Pamaso zina madzi sungunuka.
• The acidity wa kuyimitsidwa amadzimadzi. Sitiyenera upambana phindu akadakwanitsira wa pH = 7. Chifukwa chakuti simenti losiyana zamchere anachita sing'anga, chifukwa ntchito osakaniza otsika acidity kwathunthu discolored.

kudetsa konkire

Pakuti ankaudaya katundu konkire kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito chitsulo okusayidi inki ndi otsika kubisala mphamvu ndi chekeni chosiyana khalidwe. Iwo anakhudzidwa ndi alkalis, mitundu ina ya zidulo, salt, dzuwa. Chifukwa inki ndi afala pamene penti zinthu simenti hydration.

The sitolo chitsulo okusayidi inki kupanga ena ndi Russian. Kuti azioneka konkire malingana zotsimikizira dera amafuna kugwiritsira zinthu ndi 3 mpaka 15% ndi kulemera. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti inki ndi dispersibility apamwamba poyerekeza ndi simenti Portland Koma ngati olumpha woipa anakhazikitsa, kudzakhala kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu chisakanizo cha kufunika madzi, zikubweretsa kenako kwa yokulirapo kutsitsa mphamvu pamene kuthira ndi kuchuluka porosity.

Inki: kugwiritsa ntchito

Luso deta zida bwanji ndi dzuwa la ntchito utoto. Ndi zazing'ono chiwerengero cha pigment mu chochuluka kupeza kuvunda wathunthu wa zida zina zofunika amene ali mlingo mkulu kusanganikirana. Inki amasintha mtundu okha simenti binder kwa konkire Kusakaniza lonse, kotero nambalayi a kwambiri banga pigment osakaniza okhutira mkulu wa simenti kuposa kulemera otsika.

inki awiri kapena kuposa ntchito kulenga mithunzi ya simenti, malankhulidwe yosiyanasiyana ya utoto payekha. Kugwiritsa ophatikizana a mitundu mtundu amafuna kuyanjana asanakhale mbali nkhaniyo mpaka mthunzi ankafuna. Kudzatenga nthawi kuposa wina pigment mtundu.

utoto zoyambirira

Inki Yellow chitsulo okusayidi ali kukana kuti weathering, bata kuwala, matenthedwe bata, kwambiri ochekenera khalidwe. Ndi ntchito kupanga mankhwala simenti ndi zolinga zosiyana, matailosi, pulasitala, matailosi denga, osiyanasiyana primers. Czech ndi Chinese ogula nsalu ndi katundu zofanana, yotsirizira ali ranges mtengo wotsika. inki amenewa analengedwa pa maziko a ocher, osiyana granular khola zikuchokera.

Black chitsulo okusayidi pigment - ndi mankhwala kulimbikira kuti wapeza ntchito zake kupanga mankhwala achikuda simenti, fillers, utoto. Yodziwika ukryvochnoy youma utoto mtundu ndi kuya kamvekedwe khalidwe, pamene saiwala ndipo si poyera kuti kutentha chikoka, kochulukira mlingo wa soda. Latha mankhwala ndi sibu zokhalitsa kamvekedwe.

Wobala opanga wofiira pigment makamaka Czech ndi Chiyukireniya monga powdery pawiri zochita kupanga. Ntchito m'munsi amapereka durability ndi mtundu machulukitsidwe.

White mitundu chuma si sungunuka organic zidulo ndi madzi, komanso sanali poizoni anthu. Apezeka nthawi zambiri m'matumba makilogalamu 25.

Mlingo wa kudetsa amayamba ndi

Mu nkhani yomalizidwa mitundu zimakhudza hue simenti. Gray kamvekedwe amatha kuthima kuwala, pamene ntchito ndi muyezo simenti Portland n'kovuta kupeza mitundu omveka. Njira ndi simenti woyera, ntchito komanso kulenga buluu ndi wobiriwira mitundu.

Mtundu uliwonse wa chuma ali ndi mtundu imvi. Zosiyana opanga zomera pakhale simenti a mitundu, amene amasiyana. Kusiyana kumeneku zimawoneka pa utoto simenti, mmene zinthu kuwala amakhala ndi kuzindikira apamwamba poyerekeza ndi simenti, ndi mdima chitsulo okusayidi inki. Motero, kwa mtanda womwewo wa malonda nkhaniyi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito simenti chomwecho kwa Mlengi yemweyo.

Pa mthunzi chomaliza mankhwala kuwala akhoza kusokoneza kamvekedwe ka filler lapansi. Pali leni zambiri yunifolomu zikuchokera mu ulimi wa KATUNDU limodzi. Pali kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatira za wakuda ndi buluu konkire. Pa mtundu si kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi osalimba cha chuma, koma kusindikiza osauka konkire porous ndi Mwina zosayembekezereka wa efflorescence pa yosungirako ndi ntchito. maonekedwe awo chatsitsa maonekedwe, iwo alibe bwanji inki, koma efflorescence zambiri noticeable padziko akuda kuposa achilengedwe.

kusakaniza chiŵerengero

Pokonzekera simenti osakaniza hueing wothandizila mlingo ayenera kuonedwa, ndi kulemera, monga chitsulo okusayidi inki mu simenti ndi machulukidwe osiyana. M'pofunikanso kulemekeza wofanana nthawi yogwira mtima, izi kujambula osakaniza wogawana.

Zimabweretsa kusintha mtundu zosiyanasiyana yochiritsa. Zingaoneke mthunzi zosiyanasiyana za evaporation mofulumira chinyezi ndi condensation pa ndege, palinso mosavuta kukhudza pang'ono. Kupeza mukufuna amafuna kugwilizana kufanana kwa konkire madzi dilution ndi ulamuliro kutentha. Pali wina chitsanzo khalidwe: masingano mkulu kutsanulira mfundo. timibulu Small azimveka kuwala kubalalika, chifukwa chimene mtundu amayang'ana opepuka kuposa kamvekedwe ka konkire chomwecho Unalimbitsa pa kutentha otsika.

mitundu ya inki

Iron okusayidi inki akhoza kugawidwa mu ofooka, chiwerengero yovuta ndende zomwe ndi 25%, ndipo salembedwa amphamvu ndende ya 10%. Ngati ndi kotheka chopezera azioneka ena oposa 10% ya colorant zinthu voliyumu, ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zing'onozing'ono chiwerengero cha amphamvu mtundu pigment. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chiwerengero chachikulu chatsitsa mphamvu katundu chifukwa kuchuluka mayamwidwe madzi.

Kuti akonze pastel konkire katundu zovuta kukhazikitsa chiwerengero wochepa, pamene amasanduka zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito gawo zonse utoto salembedwa ofooka.

opanga

Pakati opanga akuluakulu akutsogola German, Czech ndi Chinese mafakitale. Kumbali ya mtengo ndalama, tsopano dzi inki mu China. Zotchuka kwambiri pakati Czech ali malankhulidwe wofiira ndi zofiirira. The udindo khalidwe loyamba German colorants, koma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito yawo chifukwa amaika mumsewu ❖ kuyanika opanda pake.

Iron okusayidi inki (anapanga Russia) ndi mtengo wochepa ndi katundu zogwira mtima, moti mpikisano woyenera kuitanitsa.