ISO - ndi chiyani ichi? ISO

ISO - m'mayiko omwe si aboma bungwe, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1947. cholinga chake chili ndi miyezo ya mayiko katundu ndi ntchito. Tiyeni tione bungwe ichi - bungwe lokha, kufunika kuli - ndipo dziwani kuti amachita.

ISO - ndi mu bungwe?

Today tichipeza anthu 157 amene ali oimira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (wina ndi aliyense). Russia anagwirizana Bungwe la (structural wagawo wokhulupirira kulamulira) bungwe mu 2007.

Chithunzi cha ISO chimakwirira m'madera onse, kupatulapo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, omwe amachita ndi mayiko Electrotechnical Commission. Ena ntchito anachita ntchito limodzi.

kapangidwe

ISO wapangidwa matupi kulamulira ndi antchito.

Mwa oyambirira ziwalo izi aphatikizidwa.

1. General Assembly. Amakhala akuluakulu ndi nthumwi, amene amaikidwa ndi makomiti.
2. The Board bungwe ntchito pa magawo a General Assembly. Iye akhoza kutitsogolera mafunso makomiti ndi kupatsa iwo kuwathetsa. Zochita atengedwa ndi voti ambiri anthu onse pano. Kumvera kwa thupi 7 makomiti.
3. Luso malangizo amasinthira.

The matupi ntchito izi mayunitsi structural.

1. Luso makomiti. Pakati pawo: Plaka - ofesi luso lomwe amakonzekera maganizo kwa ISO kukonzekera ntchito. Stuckey akuyendayenda mfundo za sayansi standardization ndi kuthandiza mudziwe kuti Council, ndi osauka zofunikira za mfundo lonse. CASCO ngoziyo motsata ya katundu ndi ntchito, akuyendayenda mchitidwe pa nkhaniyi ndi kusanthula izo. DEVCO amathandizanso m'mayiko osauka ayamikira standardization. COPOLCO - Komiti pa ogula chitetezo, akuphunzira kuthekera kulimbikitsa iwo, chiyambi cha anayambitsa standardization. Remco, monga komiti pa zitsanzo muyezo, bungwe amapereka thandizo methodological.
2. Subcommittees.
3. Luso chenjezo magulu.

miyezo

Popeza ISO alipo, anakamba ndi gulu lapadziko lonse kwa Standardization. Mpaka pano iwo chikalata pafupifupi 14,000 zitsanzo, amene n'zogwirizana ndi umisiri zosiyana ndi njira yopanga. Izi imakhudzanso Boma miyambo (ulimi, zomangamanga, katundu, zipangizo zachipatala, etc.), ndi nthambi yatsopano (digito kabisidwe, zina zamakono zambiri ndi zina zotero).

mfundo ISO - zinthu malinga ndi zimene zikuchitika msika. Pamene pali kufunika, anthu a nthambi iliyonse kugonjera yofunsira kuonetsetsa kuti yoyenera muyezo anayamba kupanga. Pambuyo chiyanjo cha ntchito imatumizidwa komiti luso ntchito zina. Iwo wapangidwa ndi nthumwi za makampani, amene anasonyeza mtima wofuna kukhala muyezo. Pambuyo chiyanjo ake polojekiti kubweretsa zokambirana, ndiyeno potsiriza atenge voti.

Ambiri amaona kuti mfundo ISO 9000 ndi ISO 14000. Onse angagwiritsidwe ntchito mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kaya zikugwira ntchito iliyonse.

Standard 9000 ndipo 14000

Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha ISO 9000 - muyezo umene nthawi kasamalidwe khalidwe. Kuti mu kupanga ndikukhazikitsa luso yoyenera, ndiponso kayendetsedwe bwana kuti kuthandizidwa ndi amatitsimikizira ndi katundu apamwamba ndi ntchito.

ISO 14000 akuimira ulamuliro muyezo chifukwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Iye ayenera kubweretsa yochepa mavuto pa chilengedwe ndi kuyesetsa kwambiri chitetezo luso kupanga.

Kuchokera pa zimene malamulo amenewa?

Iwo ankadziwa kuti palibe mfundo izi si chitsimikizo cha ubwino ndi chitetezo. Iwo okha yotithandiza gulu kugwiritsa kasamalidwe dongosolo limene kukwaniritsa akadakwanitsira khalidwe ndi zipangitsa chitetezo yabwino.

Tikaonetsetsa ISO 9000 anaulula ena mfundo za kasamalidwe khalidwe. Atsogoleri a ufulu ntchito sankhani dongosolo yabwino kumalo a ntchito. Tiyeni aziwerenga.

mfundo

№ 1. Muziganizira ogula. Pankhaniyi, gulu amayesetsa kumvetsa zofuna za makasitomala awo ndipo akuyesetsa iwo mwanjira iliyonse kuti ngakhale upambana ziyembekezo ndi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke:

• akuyendayenda zofuna;
• kusintha njira;
• kukhazikitsa mulingo woyenera deta kufala dongosolo zofunika kwa antchito onse;
• kuphunzira kasitomala wokhutira mankhwala;
• kukhazikitsa dongosolo la ubwenzi ndi makasitomala;
• kuyesera kuti afike pa kugwirizana pakati pa ogula ndi ena.

Number 2. Atsogoleri bungwe kolowera zolinga, kupereka mpata uliwonse adagwirizana. Kwa mutu uwu:

• Iwo amaganizira zofuna za ogwira ntchito onse;
• Iye amaona tsogolo la bungwe;
• zolinga ndi zolinga;
• Imakhala m'mlengalenga chinsinsi ku kampaniko;
• Imakhala ndi zinthu zotiyenereza maphunziro;
• zachitetezo;
• Imalimbikitsa antchito.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mamembala ambiri mafelemu. Anthu - ichi ndi chinachake chimene zachokera ntchito iliyonse. Ngati antchito ali m'zochitika za kampaniyo, izo akufotokozera zambiri zazikulu, ndipo ogwira ntchito moposera kudziulula maluso awo. Chifukwa chaichi, anapereka mawu a kugwilizana ndi mfundo lonse, limene:

• antchito akudziwa zopereka zawo pochita ntchito;
• kumvetsa kukaniza onse;
• ndi udindo;
• kuyesa kusintha;
• kugawana ndi chidziwitso analandira;
• kukambirana mavuto mwamsanga.

Number 4. Njira kuti ndondomeko ya ntchito mu kampani ya kuyesera kukhazikitsa njira yakuti kumakhaladi chinthu chachikulu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, malinga ndi mavuto monga:

• Iwo imalongosola zinthu zofunika kuti iyende;
• Kumalimbikitsa mbiri kugwira ntchito ndi maudindo a ogwira ntchito;
• Chimakhudza zinthu zilili zimene zimakhudza zochitika pakati;
• pafupifupi amadza.

№ 5. njira Management. Mwachangu mulingo woyenera zimatheka mu nkhani iyi ndi mwadongosolo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kampani ukugwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• ntchito pa nkhani structural;
• bwino intrasystemic kudalirana;
• mwachilungamo allocates udindo;
• amachititsa kuti wamkulu kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto;
• chikusintha zimagwirira ntchito, potaya ntchito.

Number 6. Zochita umalimbana mosalekeza kusintha zotsatirazi:

• mosalekeza kusintha khalidwe la mankhwala kapena utumiki ladziko;
• kuphunzitsa ogwira;
• bwino ntchito ndipo ntchito iliyonse ulalo wa kampani;
• amanena masitepe anachokera;
• kuunikila zotsatira.

№ 7. njira yeniyeni. Mfundo imeneyi imasonyeza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kutsimikizira mfundo;
• kupanga izo Kufikika;
• kusanthula;
• zochita ofotokoza.

Number 8. ubale ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera zotsatirazi:

• chikhale bwino pakati zolinga ndi yaitali;
• ndi kuchotsa chuma;
• kudziwa abwenzi ofunika ntchito ndi iwo;
• mudziwe kuwombola;
• kumanga mapulani olowa.

ISO 9000 anayamba mu 1994. Amakhala ndi mndandanda 9001, 9002, 9003. Kenako anawonjezera wina 9001: 2000 ndi 9004: 2000. Pa nthawi, pali mfundo khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, amene makampani okha kusankha abwino kwambiri kwa iwo.

kufunika bungwe

Chitsimikizo ndi kuvomerezedwa kapena kwawo. Dongosolo khalidwe kasamalidwe ndi ndondomeko mwachilungamo zovuta, ndipo si koyenera makampani onse. Mfundo padziko lonse aziona ali oyenera makampani kupempha:

• yowongolera mankhwala;
• kubweretsa kwa akadakwanitsira kasamalidwe dongosolo yofanana;
• dongosolo bukuli;
• kusintha fano;
• kukwaniritsa ubwino mpikisano;
• atsogolere pulogalamuyo;
• kukopa abwenzi kwambiri malonda;
• kulandira malangizo a makampani akunja.

Kukonzekera chitsimikizo

ndondomeko kasamalidwe ayenera pabwino pansi anakhazikitsa mfundo lonse. Kufufuza dongosolo alipo kungakhale kokwanira, ndipo kumayambiriro latsopano Sikuti. Good zokwanira ntchito pa kusintha structural. Pakuti mabungwe ena amafuna ziŵalo mokwanira, pamene ena - kupanga kusintha zinthu zina. dongosolo wamangidwa mogwirizana ndi zolinga kumatanthauza. makampani kugwira kusintha paokha kapena anaitanidwa ku bungwe kufunsira.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo utsogoleri.

1. Zolinga.
2. Tingamudziwe ziyembekezo.
3. Kuphunzira mfundo.
4. Kusankha mmodzi wa iwo.
5. Diagnostics Management System.
6. Kudziwa njira zimene zimakhudza yobereka mankhwala ogula.
7. Development wa ntchito zomwe munakonza.
8. Pokhala moyo wawo.
9. wodziimira aziona dongosolo.
10. Kuchita kafukufuku kupeza ISO chitsimikizo.
11. Anapitiriza kusintha machitidwe kasamalidwe.

Matupi, certifiers

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti gulu la ISO wosachita ntchito mayeso ndipo alibe apereke ISO yotsimikizika. Iwo ukugwira dongosolo chitukuko. Ndipo njira zonse zogwirizana yachinsinsi ku mayiko mfundo khalidwe ikuchitika ndi mabungwe zatulutsidwa. Izi zachitika m'dziko limene kampani ali ndi chidwi malonda.

GOST ndi ISO

Pachokera chitsimikizo lamulo mu Russia ndi GOST mfundo. ISO, monga tatchulazi, ndi maziko chitsimikizo kwawo. Komabe, harmonization wa luso lamulo dongosolo unakhazikitsidwa, lolunjika pa mfundo lonse. GOST ISO kusankha makampani amene kuganizira osati pa msika zoweta zoweta, komanso kunja. Ena amakhulupirira kuti njira imeneyi ndipamene malo oyenera mabungwe malonda.