Ivan Puschin: yonena, zilandiridwenso. Ntchito Ivana Puschina

Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, amene yonena Adzaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi, anali Decembrists, mlembi Maulendo, collegiate assessor ndi woweruza mlandu Court mu Moscow. Koma ambiri amadziwa kuti ndi bwenzi lapamtima la Pushkin.

Childhood Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

The ngwazi za nkhaniyi anabadwa mu Marino (Moscow Province) mu 1798. awisi anali aphungu ndi mkulu-General Ivan Petrovich Mayi ake dzina lawo linali Alexandra Mikhailovna. Mu 1811, agogo anga ankayendetsa Decembrists m'tsogolo Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum pa maphunziro. Ndithudi, izi siziri chimodzimodzi chimene iye ankafuna pang'ono Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Wambiri pa Lyceum zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika chachikulu - wodziwa Pushkin. Inachitika pa imodzi ya mayeso, ndipo kenako anayamba ubwenzi ofunda. rapprochement Komanso chinathandiza moyandikana zipinda zawo. Monga Pushkin ndi Leo ankachita bwalo chomwecho. Ngakhale izi, abwenzi anga sanagwirizane pa nkhani zambiri. Kangapo konse iwo maganizo pa zinthu zina ndi anthu.

Kusamalira a asilikali

Chaka patsogolo maphunziro Pushin kwa munthu wa mfumu mwiniyo anatcha ndipo anafunsa za kukhalapo kwa ophunzira, amene ndikufuna kupita mu usilikali. Izi ziri anthu khumi, kuphatikizapo Ivan. A angapo zina pa sabata, ndi msilikali General Levashev Knabenau chinkhoswe nawo Zochita asilikali mu hussar m'bwalomo. Maphunziro "zitengere mmwamba" mayeso msanga. Best bwenzi Pushkina Ivan Puschin chisoni chifukwa chakuti posachedwapa polekanitsa ndi anzake, amene anakhala banja lake pophunzira. Pa nthawiyi, mu chimbale cha ngwazi za nkhaniyi kwa anzake analemba ndakatulo zingapo. Ena mwa iwo anali Illichevsky, Delvig Pushkin. Kenako, Album kwinakwake anataya.

Ntchito yausilikali

Pomwepo pamene anamaliza maphunziro awo Lyceum Ivan Puschin, chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani, analimbikitsidwa ndi akapitawo, ndi atavala yunifolomu ya alonda. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi pa ulendo Alexander omwazika. Mwa njira, Pushkin ankadziwa kanthu za zimene Ivan pa maphunziro awo anachita bwalo lina. Leo apo otchulidwa umembala wake, koma musandiwuze tsatanetsatane. Oscho Ife kulankhula za izi mtsogolo. Tikumbukenso kuti Alexander choonadi sanapeze kunja.

Msonkhano latsopano ndi Pushkin

Mu January 1820 Ivan Puschin, amene yonena ali mainsaikulopediya ambiri zolembalemba, anapita kwa Bessarabia mlongo odwala. Kweneko Iye akhala miyezi inayi. Akubweranso pa njira Chibelarusi, Ivan lankhosa siteshoni positi ndi chinachitika kuona dzina m'buku mlendo Pushkin. Mtsogoleri anamuuza kuti Alexander anali kupita kuntchito. Ndipotu, ndakatulo iyi anali ku ukapolo kum'mwera. "Zingakhale n'zosangalatsa kwambiri kukumbatira iye," - analemba Maulendo Ake Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Ubwenzi ndi Pushkin adapitiriza zaka pokhapokha asanu.

Mu 1825, ndi ngwazi za nkhaniyi, atamva kuti Alexander ananditumiza m'chigawo Pskov. Ndipo Ivan anatuluka ankafunitsitsa kukaona mnzake wakale. Kuyamba ndi Ankafunanso kupita ku Moscow ku St. Petersburg Khirisimasi ndi mabanja awo. Kenako anapita mlongo wake, ndi ku malo a ukapolo Pushkin - m'mudzi Mikhailovskoye. Axamwali anayesa Ivan ku ulendo, monga Alexander anali kuyang'aniridwa osati apolisi komanso atsogoleri. Koma Leo sanafune kumvera. Axamwali kusonkhana mu January 1825 anachititsa chidwi kwambiri onse. Kenako, Alexander analemba ndakatulo za izo. Zinali komaliza.

Bwalo chinsinsi

Kodi si anauza Pushkin Ivan Puschin pa maphunziro awo pa Lycée? Pa nthawi imeneyo, ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi anakumana ndi anthu amene m'tsogolo, nawo chilengedwe cha kumpoto Society, Mgwirizano wa moyo ndi zochitika pa 14 December. Ivan anali mmodzi wa anthu otchuka a bwalo lino. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi usilikali Puschina sizinakhalitse. Iye basi sanali kumupatsa malo kukwaniritsidwa kwa zikhulupiriro zake. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa Ivan anakhala bungwe akuzigawo, kenako anatenga mpando woweruza wa mu Dipatimenti Choyamba msewu Moscow Court.

chilakolako chofuna kusintha

Service Change chifukwa chakuti ngwazi za nkhaniyi mukufuna kusintha zinkakhalira bureaucracy, kumene mu maganizo ake, anapereka mwandele. Kulikonse analamulira yoipa chicanery ndi ziphuphu. Ivan Puschin ankaganiza kuti chitsanzo chake cha ntchito moona mtima kuti athandize anthu kulimbikitsa olemekezeka kulandira ntchito umene lili ndi mphamvu zonse kulekeza.

North Society

Zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Alexander I ankasiyana mokondwerera maganizo chifukwa kuwuka kwa chikumbumtima chikhalidwe. Koma ndiye zinthu zinasintha. Mu boma mabwalo anasintha maganizo pa nkhani kuthupi ambiri. Izi chinasokoneza chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino chifukwa ambiri a magulu a zapamwamba, mmodzi amene m'gulu Ivan Puschin. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kudali kukopa kutsogolo kwa ntchito chosintha. Poyera nawo pochita zinthu zimenezi sakanatha, choncho zibonga anali lidzasinthidwa gulu chinsinsi.

Ivan anali membala wa kumpoto Society. Mutu wa bungwe ili Ryleev, komanso Leo, anasamuka ku usilikali kwa anthu wamba. Pamodzi anamenyana umbuli ndi choipa. Koma pafupi ndi mfundo 1825 kunadetsa anayamba kudutsa mu pulogalamu awo. Kunali kofunikira kuchita chinachake. Ndi a kumpoto Society anayamba kupangika utheke.

Kupanduka wa Decembrists

December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin anayima ndi Obolensky pa Senate Square. Nearby zina Decembrists. Kenako Kiichelbecker (mwamuna lycée) kupereka umboni. Iye ananena kuti Odoyevski, Bestuzhev, Schepin-Rostovsky, Obolensky ndi Leo anali atsogoleri m'derali ndipo chimamulimbikitsa kuwombera General Voinov, Grand Duke. Ivan yekha wakana choneneza izi. Leo anali chidwi kwambiri ndi khamulo, ndi kuti unali kapitawo sankadziwa popanda chipewa. Anamuzungulira anauzidwa kuti anali kazitape. Ndiye Ivan analangizidwa kuti asafike. Amene anali atachititsidwa manyazi kwa msilikali, ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi sitinamuone. Motero, funso limene Leo anachita mu Senate Square, udakalipo. Iye sananene kanthu za izo, ndipo patapita zaka zambiri mu "Mfundo za Decembrist."

mmangeni

Madzulo, December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin, ndi chithunzi chimene chili kale mlandu wa Decembrists, ndinamangidwa pamodzi ndi anthu ena a kumpoto Society. Iwo anamangidwa pa Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Pa mafunso, Ivan kapena mumakana chirichonse kapena kanthu. bwalo anapeza Pushin wolakwa regicide popanga mapulani ndi akugwira ntchitoyi. The ngwazi za nkhaniyi kupereka gulu loyamba nduna zigawenga boma. Final chigamulo - kuphedwa ndi kuwadula. Patapita miyezi sikisi, khoti ndingokhala chilango, kuwamana Ivan tithe ndipo anamtulutsa iye ntchito wosatha khama Siberia. Mu miyezi ingapo mawu amenewa kusanduka zaka 20.

yakalavula gaga

Titafika ku Siberia Ivan Puschin, amene yonena amadziwika admirers onse Pushkin, anakhala zaka zingapo m'ndende. Moyo wake unali alibe zovuta. Ndipo mawu akuti "mwaukapolo" anali kugwiritsidwa pa Decembrists, amene anali atakhala m'ndende zosiyanasiyana, yekha m'njira ochiritsira. Iwo ankakhala ku banja logwirizana, kuchititsa chinachake m'chipindacho ngati University kuchita ntchito maganizo. Leo komanso ndi Mukhanov Zavalishin ndi kukhazikika gulu laling'ono. Anathandiza anthu wamba amene anabwera kumudzi. Ndipo komabe padali mukupanga nyuzipepala kuti amatipatsa Decembrists zipsera ndi mabuku a nkhani zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo zoletsedwa).

Kukhala ndende Chita, Leo anasamukira "Mfundo Franklin." Ivan anali pachibwenzi yekha mu gawo loyamba. Chachiwiri anawamasulira mnzake - Shteygel. Okonzeka "Mfundo Franklin" anatumiza wachibale Mukhanova, koma mwatsoka, zolembedwa anatayika. Ivan wosemera Mwachitsanzo adali awonongedwe pa burg anayendera, kuyambira inki wakhala zoletsedwa, nakonza iwo Decembrists mozemba.

Western Siberia

Chifukwa cha Manifesto Wamkulukulu 1839 Pushin anamasulidwa yakalavula gaga. Iye anachotsedwa kwa akhazikike mu mzindawo Turinsk (Western Siberia) mu 1840. The zaka zinayi, Ivan ntchito kwenikweni kuwerenga mabuku. Siberia nyengo m'mavuto thanzi lawo. Kuyambira 1840 kuti Pushchin zonse zinachitikira khunyu aakulu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye analemba Pempho kusamukira ku Yalutorovsk. Anapatsidwa, ndipo pambuyo kubera Ivan ankakhala m'nyumba imodzi ndi Obolensky. Ndiye, mogwirizana ndi wokwatirana naye Leo anasamukira m'kanyumba osiyana.

Kuwonjezera Ivan, Yalutorovsk zina Decembrists. Basargin, Tizengauzen, Iakushkin, Nyerere-Apostol, etc. Iwo nthaŵi zonse ankapita pa ulendo ku ngwazi za nkhaniyi. Pamisonkhano imeneyi ndi Decembrists ankaimba makadi anafotokoza atsopano zikuchitika ndale ndi zina zotero. N. Ivan kusiya kulima ndi nthawi yambiri m'munda. Koma thanzi lake sanali bwino. Leo apempha Gorchakov (Bwanamkubwa-General of Western Siberia) kusamukira ku Tobolsk kwa mokambilana ndi madokotala.

Kuchiza ndi ufulu

Nditabwerera, ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha Ivan ndinaliko bwino. Mu Tobolsk anaona bwenzi wakhala nthawi yaitali Bobrischevym-Pushkin. Pamodzi abwenzi ntchito pa ntchito yomasulira Pascal. Nditabwerera kwa Leo kwa nthawi yaitali iye anali ndi thanzi labwino, koma posakhalitsa kuukira adapitiriza. Mu 1849, iye adamfunsanso Gorchakov kumtumizako mankhwala. Pa nthawi iyi mu Turin madzi. ndalama zonse kuyenda linalipiridwa mwa thumba. Pali Leo anaona Bestuzhev ndi comrades ake ena. Patapita miyezi sikisi, Ivan anabwerera Yalutorovsk. Ufulu wa ngwazi za nkhaniyi pambuyo Ndondomeko mu 1856, anakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 16.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1858, Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, amene yonena amadziwika admirers zambiri Pushkin anakwatira Natalia Fonvizina (wotchuka Decembrist mkazi yemwe anamwalira mu 1854). Miyezi ingapo atakwatirana, ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi wamwalira. Pushin Bronnitsi m'manda pafupi tchalitchi. kumanda ili pafupi ndi manda Fonvizina M. A.

Ntchito za Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

Kuwonjezera pa "Mfundo Franklin" tatchulazi, lolembedwa ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi za "Mfundo pa ubwenzi ndi Pushkin" (1859) ndi "Mfundo za Decembrist" (1863). Woyamba mu mawonekedwe wathunthu mu ntchito Maikova za mbiri ya ndakatulo iyi. Ivan Alexander anali malingaliro chenicheni kwa nthawi yophunzira Lyceum. Choncho "Mfundo" anali zinapatsira ndi chikondi cha pa abale ndi kukondana oona mtima.

Ntchito imeneyi Pushin Ivan Ivanovich si zochepa. Iye mwini "Letters ku Yalutorovsk" (1845) kuti Engelhardt. Iwo Ivan limati mkulu wakale wa moyo wanu. Iye amauza maganizo ake za malamulo Siberia, Akuluakulu a ndi chilamulo cha 1842, imene wamba anapereka dzikolo kukhala lawo, anapereka chithandizo ufulu ntchito yawo. Ambiri akulembera kwa Engelhardt muli kwambiri mfundo zabwino, zenizeni kwa patsogolo, munthu wophunzira.