Jazz: kuti zimene malangizo amene amachita

Chiyambi cha jazi ano mizu mu chikhalidwe nyimbo African. Pambuyo Hristofor Kolumb anapeza kontinenti latsopano ndi azungu anakhala kumeneko, kuti kugombe la America ayamba anatsatira zombo za akatangale.

Iznuronnye khama, achibale ndi kuvutika kwa akazembe kudwala asapita, akapolo anatonthozedwa nyimbo. Pang'onopang'ono nyimbo zachilendo ndi kaimbidwe ndi chidwi America ndi azungu. Choncho panali jazi. Kodi jazi ndi chiyani makhalidwe ake, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Features nyimbo malangizo

Zimatanthauza jazi nyimbo ya African-American, ozikidwa - improvisation (kugwedezeka) ndi wapadera rhythmic kapangidwe (syncope). Mosiyana ndi malo ena, pamene munthu mmodzi analemba nyimbo, ndipo Achiritsa zina, oimba jazi kuchita Oimba onse.

Melody analenga nthawi yomweyo kulemba, wosiyana ndi imeneyi osachepera kuphedwa nthawi. Monga likukhalira jazi. Kodi improvisation oketsra? Luso limeneli la oimba kuti azolowere mzake. Komanso, aliyense improvises wake.

Zotsatira za zolembedwa mowiriza zili kalembedwe nyimbo (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Ndikusangalala tsiku lonse," Ellington D. "Kodi simukudziwa kuti ndikonda?", Etc.).

M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyimbo African apanga ndi European. Anaonekera nyimbo kuti kuphatikiza pulasitiki, kayimbidwe kotani, nyimbo ndi chigwirizano cha phokoso (CHEATHAM Doc, maganizo Mtima wanga, Carter James, Centerpiece, etc.).

mayendedwe

Kuonetsetsa m'madera oposa makumi atatu jazi. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo.

1. maganizo. Mu English mawu amatanthauza "chisoni", "wozingwa." Poyamba likutchedwa maganizo payekha lyric nyimbo akuda. Jazz-maganizo - izo dvenadtsatitaktovy nthawi lolingana trohstrochnoy chidule. Maganizo nyimbo anachita mosathamanga pang'onopang'ono, mu malemba unkagwiritsidwa ena kutineneza. asangalatsi lodziwika a maganizo - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, ndi ena.

2. Ragtime. The pomasulira dzina la kalembedwe - chinang'ambika m'tsogolo. M'chilankhulo cha mawu nyimbo "REG" njira zikumveka mwanzeru kwambiri pakati lobes. Malangizo anaonekera mu United States, pambuyo nyanja adatengedwa ntchito za Schubert, Chopin ndi Liszt. Music ndi Oimba European anachita mu jazi kalembedwe. Kenako, panali nyimbo pachiyambi. Ragtime mmene kulenga Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Mwanawankhosa neri Al.

3. Boogie. Kalembedwe anatuluka mu m'ma makumi awiri. Eni malo omwera yotchipa chofunika oimba kusewera jazi. Kodi ndi limodzi nyimbo kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa yopuma azipereka, ndizosachita kunena, koma kuitana ambiri oimba anali okwera mtengo. Kulira kwa zida zosiyanasiyana kuchepetsa amaimba piyano, kulenga ambiri nyimbo rhythmic. Boogie Features:

• improvisation;
• katswiri njira;
• wapadera limodzi dzanja lamanzere amachita galimoto kasinthidwe ostinantnuyu, ndi imeneyi pakati yoimba ndi nyimbo - awiri kapena atatu octaves;
• mosalekeza mungoli;
• ngo zosiyana.

Boogie ankaimba Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery neri Al.

Nthano ya kalembedwe

Jazz ndi M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Paliponse pali nyenyezi yozungulira asilikali mafani koma mayina ena kukhala nthano. Amadziwika ndi okondedwa padziko lonse. oimba awa, makamaka, anati Louis Armstrong.

Sizikudziwika lomwe likanakhala tsoka la mnyamata wochokera kotala osauka Negro, ngati Louis sanapeze mu msasa wandende. Apa, nyenyezi tsogolo analembedwa mkuwa gulu Koma timu si kusewera jazi. ndi maganizo, Kodi ndi mmene kuimba, mnyamatayo anapeza zambiri mtsogolo. Armstrong wabweza zikomo kutchuka padziko lonse khama ndiponso kupirira.

Adayambitsa jazi nyimbo ndikuganiza Billie Tchutchi (dzina lenileni Eleonora Fagan). Peak kutchuka imba anafika 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, pamene zochitika kusintha mabala usiku pa siteji.

zovuta kusanduka ndi zopalira a osiyanasiyana octaves atatu Elly Fitsdzherald. Atamwalira amake, iye anathawa kunyumba kwawo ndipo anali moyo si yabwino. Anayamba ntchito woimba anali ntchitoyo mpikisano nyimbo kwakung'ono usiku.

World lotchuka Dzhordzh Gershvin. Wolemba analenga jazi nyimbo zochokera nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Unsembe mwadzidzidzi ntchito chidwi omvera ndi anzake. Zoimbaimba anali mosasintha limodzi ndi chimwemwe. Wotchuka ntchito G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody in Blue" (Co-Mlembi ndi Fredom Grofom), kuimba nyimbo za opera "Porgy ndi Bess", "An American ku Paris."

Umakopa jazi ojambula zithunzi komanso adakali Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, ndi ena.

Jazz mu USSR

Zikamera wa nyimbo iyi mu Soviet Union chifukwa dzina la wolemba ndakatulo, anamasulira ndi zisudzo-goer Valentina Parnaha. Makonsatiwo woyamba wa jazi gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi katswiri chinachitika mu 1922. Kenako Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky zooneka malangizo a jazi ed, kaphatikizidwe zoimbidwa ntchito ndi operetta. E. Rosner zinathandiza kwambiri popularize jazi nyimbo Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

Mu zaka 40 Mu zaka zapitazo, jazi Anthu ambiri anadzudzula monga chodabwitsa cha chikhalidwe bourgeois. Mu 50-60-ntchentche kuukira pa asangalatsi anaima. Jazz magulu zinalengedwa RSFSR ndi zina Soviet.

Today jazi seamlessly anaphedwa pa magawo konsati ndi zibonga.