Kachitidwe zotakasika wa salvo moto Russia

Kuyambira masiku a wotchuka Katyusha anasintha kwambiri. Nkhondo machenjerero zida, Malire a mayiko ... Koma angapo roketi launchers Russia lero ndi zofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo. Ndi thandizo lawo, mukhoza kutaya zipolopolo za mphamvu zochuluka zowononga kwa makumi makilomita, akuwononga ndi disabling madera ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri, mdani magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndiponso anthu.

Dziko lathu ali ndi udindo waukulu ku munda wa MLRS chitukuko: mowirikiza chikusintha Kukula kwa akale ndi atsopano zitsanzo zida. Lero tiona zimene machitidwe a salvo moto Russia lero alipo pa Army nkhokwe.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. Zokha kuwononga ogwira mdani, kutali kolowera minefields, kuononga malo yamalinga la mdani. Kodi kuthana kuunika ndi magalimoto sing'anga oti muli nazo zida. Polenga makina ntchito galimotoyo "Ural-4320", lomwe lili ndi atsogoleri a 122mm likungosonyeza projectiles. Yonyamula zida za "Castle" likhoza kukhala pa makina iliyonse kukula abwino.

chiwerengero cha womuongola zipolopolo - zidutswa 40, anakonza m'mizere anayi zidutswa khumi lililonse. Moto angathe kuchitikira onse akatemera limodzi ndi akanthawi ananyoza zimafunika mphindi zochepa kuposa lina (masekondi 20). Zolemba malire osiyanasiyana - mpaka makilomita 20,5. Anakhudzidwa dera mahekitala anayi. "Grad" akhoza opaleshoni mu lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana: -50 kuti +50 madigiri Celsius.

moto kupewa zotheka kwa onse cockpit ndi kunja, ndi Zikatero, mawerengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito kunja yikidwa mawaya mphamvu ya kutali (osiyanasiyana - mpaka mamita 50). Popeza okonza zapereka kusonkhana nthaŵi zipolopolo kuchokera anamulondolera, kumenyana makina zochepa kugwedezeka pa kuwombera. Kubweretsa unsembe mu malo yowotcha sakondwera kuposa mphindi zitatu kapena zinayi. The galimotoyo akhoza fording akuya chimodzi ndi mamita theka.

nkhondowo ntchito

Kumene ife tinkakonda kachitidwe wa salvo moto Russia? Choyamba, ubatizo wawo wa moto zinachitika kumbuyo mu Afghanistan. Kodi kukumbukira opulumuka pansi moto Mujahideen (ndipo anthu anali ochepa kwambiri): "Padziko analamulira gehena, zibuluma anasangalala mlengalenga. Tinaganiza kuti anali mapeto a dziko. " Unsembe anali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makampeni awiri Chechen, pa "nkhondo eights zitatu" pa kukakamiza Georgia mtendere.

Komabe, chochitika choyamba cha ntchito imeneyi, zomera akadali chinsinsi analandiridwa bwino pamaso zotchulidwa. Izo zinachitika panthawi ina iriyonse mu Sino-Soviet chilumba, kenako anaponyedwa ku China. Pamene mafunde lachiwiri la asilikali Chinese akhoza kuswa mu madera ake ndi kukhala ndi kufalikira kumeneko, dongosolo ntchito "Grad" anapatsidwa. Poyamba Soviet Union ambiri Ndinkafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya koma panali nkhawa zimene anthu padziko lonse. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma zinali zokwanira kuti PLA: umalimbana salvo wa ambiri "Grad" chabe analima chidutswa cha m'dera kutsutsana.

Kodi ambiri anaphedwa Chinese, ndithudi osati kudziwa. atsogoleri Soviet ankakhulupirira kuti malire a pachilumbachi zapita anthu osachepera zikwi zitatu. Mulimonsemo, opulumuka anali wotsimikiza.

udindo Current

Today amaona kuti "Grad" mwamakhalidwe ndi mwaukadaulo chakale. Ambiri a makina awa, tsopano mu utumiki ndi asilikali athu pafupifupi mwathunthu wolema. Komanso, tsopano pali kukonzanso machulukitsidwe a asilikali ndi MLRS awo "mphepo yamkuntho". Koma kwa "oldies" akadali kutali ndi sanamalize. Popeza kuti Utumiki wa silikhali akufuna kusiya asilikali bwino kutsimikiziridwa, galimoto wotchipa ndi kothandiza.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, zocitika zapadera za wamakono ndi kubweretsa malingaliro amakono ndi dzuwa. Makamaka, chitsanzo wakale potsiriza anakhazikitsa yachibadwa Kanema navigation dongosolo, komanso "Baguette" computer, amene akulamulira ndondomeko ya kukulozani projectiles. Chitsimikizo cha chilimbikitso chotilonjeza usilikali, ndi zimakhalanso ingenuous pomwe ndondomeko anapita "Grad" phindu, monga imapanga awo ankhondo kufika kangapo.

Njira imeneyi ntchito ndi magulu onse a nkhondo pa gawo Chiyukireniya. Zigawenga Africa amene analandira machitidwe angapo roketi Launcher ku Soviet Union, komanso kukonda chida ichi. Mwachidule, dera yogawa wagawo ali yaikulu. Izi ndi zimene yodziwika dongosolo la ananyoza moto "Grad". "Smerch 'ndi pofotokoza pansipa, nthawi zambiri zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi woopsa kowononga.

"Smerch"

Ndithu mantha chida. Yerekezani kuti "Grad" kwenikweni ofanana mu dzuwa ndi yemweyo chodabwitsa achilengedwe. Woweruza: America kuti: "Twister" - unsembe wa ananyoza moto, zimene zimaonetseratu kwambiri yaying'ono zovuta anabwera ndi zida za nyukiliya.

Ndipo iwo ali mwamtheradi zolondola. Atakhala izi salvo limodzi lokha "chimakwirira" chosatheka mahekitala 629 pa mfuti osiyanasiyana makilomita 70. Ndipo si onse. Lero, chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya mivi kuti adzauluka kale zana makilomita. Pabwalopo, amene yokutidwa machitidwe a salvo moto Russia, kutenthedwa zonse, kuphatikizapo zida lolemera. Ngati yapita MRL "Twister" angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri a kutentha.

Anaikira processing zikuluzikulu udindo mdani pamaso amanyansidwa kuwononga bunkers makamaka amphamvu ndi pillboxes kuwononga woipa lalikulu la Adani ndi magalimoto mdani.

Galimotoyo kalozera kukhazikitsa projectiles

galimotoyo analenga zochokera zonse mtunda galimoto MAZ-543. Mosiyana ndi "Castle", kuika ichi n'koopsa kwambiri kuposa mdani chifukwa chakuti zikuchokera batire kumaphatikizapo moto ulamuliro dongosolo "Vivarium", amene amalola kukwaniritsa Mwachangu Kumwambamwamba, amene ali kawirikawiri kachitidwe mbiya zida zankhondo.

Izi zotakasika angapo launchers roketi ndi 12 njanji tubular kwa zipolopolo. Aliyense wa iwo akulemera makilogalamu 80, ndipo 280 iwo anali kuyang'anira mphamvu zachiwawa. armament akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chiŵerengero ili ndi abwino miyala unguided, monga timatha kuphatikiza mu munition boosters yamphamvu ndi yaikulu zowononga angathe.

Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri mbali ya "Smerch" projectiles. Okonza akhala ntchito pa izo, koma anaonetsetsa kuti mbali ya zochitika pa nthaka madigiri 90. Chotero "kugwa kwa miyala yochokera" n'zosavuta kusoka mwa onse MBT mdani probabilistic, ndi nyumba konkire zimavuta kugonja kwa mphamvu. Panopa kupanga latsopano "Smerch" si anakonza (zambiri), kuyambira mzere wa ntchito iwo adzakhala m'malo ndi latsopano "mphepo yamkuntho".

Komabe, pali ena n'kutheka kuti machitidwe akale adakali pansi wamakono. Ndi zina zimene zida zawo n'zotheka monga ingapezeke mivi ndi chiongoko, chotero kuti mphamvu ya nkhondowo a dongosolo ndipo masiku ano ali kutali ndi kukhala wotopa.

Kodi pina ife launchers roketi, roketi launchers?

"Mphepo Yamkuntho"

Anatengera mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Nkhondowo mogwira ali ndi udindo wapakatikati pakati pa "Castle" ndi "Twister." Choncho, osiyanasiyana pazipita ndi makilomita 35. Nthawi zambiri, "Mphepo Yamkuntho" - launchers angapo roketi, kamangidwe ka zambiri mwa mfundo zimene ayikidwa kale, limene chimatsogoleredwa ndi kutukula ya zida zotere mu dziko lathu. Iye analenga mlengi wake wotchuka Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich.

Mwa njira chilankhulire, "Mphepo Yamkuntho" - unsembe wa ananyoza moto, umene anali kamodzi Soviet Union zedi ndithu kwa Yemen, omwe tsopano wayamba ntchito tima nkhondo. Ndithudi ife posachedwapa kupeza momwe bwino zinali zaka Soviet njira nkhondo. Russian asilikali pamodzi ndi "Grad" ntchito monga "mphepo yamkuntho" pa nkhondo Afghanistan.

Komanso, unsembe anali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito Chechnya, ndipo kenako - ndipo mu Georgia. Pali umboni kuti ntchito "mphepo yamkuntho" kamodzi kufuzika ndi ndime ntchito ya akasinja Chijojiya (malinga ndi zina, linali 'Grad ").

zovuta

Pa galimotoyo mtunda Zil 135LM-wokwera makina 16, atsogoleri tubular (poyamba anakonza kuti adzakhala 20). Ukrainians mu nthawi yawo azifika kwa iwo makina akweza ndi kuwayika iwo pa galimotoyo awo KrAZ Kremenchug. The zikuchokera adalira chipinda zomera tichipeza zigawo izi:

• Mwachindunji makina 9P140.

• Kayendetsedwe ndi tsegula 9T452 zipolopolo.

• Khazikitsani njira yolimbanirana.

• ulamuliro pamoto makina ofotokoza unsembe 1V126 "Skit-B."

• Ndalama maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa mawerengedwe.

• 1T12-2M siteshoni topographic kafukufuku.

• DF zovuta meteorology ndi 1B44.

• A lonse zida ndi zipangizo 9F381 lakonzedwa kukonza ndi yokonza makina ku zovuta ndi.

Kodi wina yodziwika ndi angapo roketi launchers Russia "mphepo yamkuntho"? Zida zankhondo gawo aumbike pa kasinthasintha m'munsi equilibration limagwirira, ndipo inunso okonzeka ndi actuators hayidiroliki ndi electromechanical. Chachikulu atsogoleri phukusi akhoza anachititsa mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri 5 kuti 55.

The kukhazikika yopingasa angathe kuchitidwa pa makona a madigiri 30 lamanja ndi kumanzere kwa olamulira chapakati cha galimoto nkhondo. Kotero kuti pamene salvo chachikulu adanyamuka chiopsezo zavalivanija galimotoyo katundu, mbali kumbuyo kwa Onyamula Zazitali Ayi kwambiri awiri anapereka. Zovuta amadziwikanso zida ndi zipangizo usiku m'masomphenya, ndipo kotero opareshoni mu mdima.

Panopa Russian onyamula Mphamvu chakhala nawo za zana la makina amenewa. Zikuoneka kuti Sinthani nkhani zawo sati olembedwa kumbali mwamsanga kuthamangitsidwa kumenyana gwero. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti MRL latsopano lalembedwa utumiki, womwenso ubwino onse a zanyengo wakale.

"Mphepo yamkuntho"

Izi - dongosolo latsopano la salvo moto Russia. Akutukuka linayamba chifukwa chakuti akale "Castle", omwe akhala ntchito pa zaka makumi anai, Zinkafunikiradi m'malo. Chifukwa cha ntchito kwambiri chitukuko ndi panali galimoto imeneyi.

Mosiyana ndi akapolo anzawo akale, angapo roketi launchers Russia "mphepo yamkuntho" umaposa m'dera la chiongoko ndi mwatsatanetsatane kuwombera, monga iwo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito deta topographic kuchokera makina. Koma osati wapadera wongokhazikitsidwa MRL.

mfundo ndi yakuti pamaso makampani Soviet aliyense ntchito kulenga unsembe osiyana: Ndipotu, monga kuti panali nyengo "Zoo" mu mawonekedwe a "Grad", "mphepo yamkuntho" ndi "mphepo yamkuntho." Koma kachitidwe kamakono a Russian angapo launchers roketi ( "mphepo yamkuntho") adzamasulidwa Mabaibulo atatu, ntchito zipolopolo za makina onse atatu tafotokozazi. Amaganiza kuti okonza athe msanga m'malo zida zankhondo wagawo, kuti galimotoyo umodzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ubongo osiyanasiyana.

zipolopolo latsopano

Komanso, machitidwe onse m'mbuyomu anali yaikulu chilema kugwirizana ndi uncontrollability a zipolopolo. Mwachidule, njira yolondola nkhondo kale chikalata sakanakhoza. Zonsezi ndi yabwino ndithu kuti nkhondo ya zaka zapitazi, koma m'malo panopa ali kale zosavomerezeka. Kuti athetse vutoli, kuti "mphepo yamkuntho" analenga mitundu yatsopano ya projectiles ndi yogwira kuwala ndi laser oongoka. Kuyambira MLRS inasanduka zatsopano, chida woopsa kwambiri.

Choncho, masiku Russian roketi machitidwe a ananyoza moto tsopano poyerekeza ndi mphamvu za toyesa kwambiri changwiro cha zida zankhondo ochiritsira, kumenya za cholinga cha makumi makilomita. Mosiyana ndi zapamwamba kwambiri pankhani imeneyi "mphepo yamkuntho" yowotcha osiyanasiyana Y "mphepo yamkuntho" ndi kale mpaka 100 Km (pamene ntchito zipolopolo lolingana).

Kukwaniritsa zakale ndi zatsopano

Monga ife analemba kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino, pa nthawi ino zimathandiza pa kusintha kwa usinkhu "Grad", limene liri kwambiri anachoka mu utumiki. Ndiye okonza anapita lingaliro: "Bwanji ngati inu ntchito yosavuta, chatekinoloje zida ku" Castle "atakhala kuti latsopano nkhondowo wagawo wa" mphepo yamkuntho "likungosonyeza yoyenera"? Ganizo mwamsanga akuyendera.

Choncho anabadwa makina atsopano "mphepo yamkuntho-G". izo mwalamulo kulandiridwa mu utumiki mu 2013, koma kenako anayamba kupereka asilikali. Pa "thanki Masewerera a Biathlon - 2014" watsopano MRL pachionetsero aliyense.

Mosiyana ndi akalambula awiri njira imeneyi, kamangidwe ka chitetezo cha ulamuliro yoyendetsedwa pa "Skit-BM" imene ili kangapo kumawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuphana a zovuta za. Komanso, kwambiri wosalira ndondomeko aiming ndi kuwombera Battle: Tsopano adalira sanafune kupita kunja, ngati n'koyenera topographic deta onse chimaonetsedwa pompopompo pa oyang'anira anaika mkati kanyumba. Kuyambira apo mukhoza kusankha kopita ndi kuyamba kubala zipolopolo.

wamakono amenewa si kuti modernize pakati akale, komanso kwambiri wotetezedwa adalira. Tsopano makina mwamsanga kubala ananyoza pa udindo chatsekedwa ndi kuwasiya iwo pa mtengo wa zosaposa aliyense mphindi theka. Izi kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo kudziwika ndi chiwonongeko cha zovuta mdani kubwezera. Komanso, pogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo latsopano ndi warhead detachable tsopano n'zotheka kuti kwambiri kukuza osiyanasiyana zotheka mayunitsi nkhondo.

Ndicho chimene ali ndi chiphadzuwa angapo dongosolo Launch Roketi ku Russia. Photos ali zili m'nkhani zawo, moti mukhoza wekha pafupifupi lingaliro mphamvu.