Solow kukula chitsanzo: lingaliro, ntchito

zachuma ndi olandiridwa aliyense. Ndipotu, zikutanthauza kuti kusamalira za kuchuluka kwa zosowa. Pali mwayi ambiri kulosera momwe ndi chimene chidzachitika. Mwachitsanzo, Solow-Mbalame ya Chinsansa. Kukhala ndi lingaliro la momwe ndi chimene chimachitika ndi zina masamu zida. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri neoclassical kukula chitsanzo.

zambiri

Mwachindunji chitsanzo cha chuma kukula Solow anabweretsa kutukula ake Nobel Prize. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa - chifukwa tsopano tikambirana za ntchito achikhazikitso, yomwe yapangidwa m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi (mu zaka 1950-1969). N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera izo? Chifukwa chakuti tili ndi chitsanzo cha kukula zachuma Solow, n'zotheka kusankha osiyana a mfundo zachuma a boma, komanso mmene muyezo wa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ichi chikhonza kulosera mmene mankhwala analengedwa ndi anthu zimawononga tsopano, adzapulumuka m'tsogolo. Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndalama - ndicho ndalama. Iwo kudziwa kuchuluka kwa likulu, umene udzakhazikitsidwe pa chuma m'tsogolo. Solow kukula chitsanzo limasonyeza onse voliyumu ya ulimi anakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa ogwira ntchito, likulu katundu ndi umisiri bwino. Ndipo mwa ichi kale zimadalira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene dziko la nthawi. Kumvetsetsa za nkhaniyi ndipo kugonjera kudziwa bwino, ife tikambirana zinthu kufanana angapo chidwi, monga Harrod-Domar chitsanzo.

kudzikundikira likulu

The Solow kukula chitsanzo mbali iyi yowalanga ndithu. Inamangidwa ku chiyembekezo tingachipeze powerenga kulenga msika mgwirizano umene amafuna mankhwala opangidwa kumeneko ndi ogula ndi ndalama. M'mawu ena, amalenga mankhwala amapita ku mowa ndi ndalama. Tsopano tiyeni ntchito mitunduyi ndi zida masamu. Kotero, kumwa ntchito ali ndi chilinganizo losavuta: (1-NN) * D. Apa, Na - zingati ndalama, D - ndalama. Dongosolo lomweli limasonyeza mmene amapita pa mowa, ndipo ikusonyeza kuchuluka m'matangadza. kuthekera A - ndi chidwi ndi njira ya chithandizo. Gawo la ndalama ichi, chimene anasunga m'tsogolo adzavomereza nkhani m'nthawi yovuta. Mwamasamu, izi zikhoza anafotokoza (ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukodzedwa) mwa nkhani dziko (ife). Ndiye chilinganizo athu adzakhala: (1-Na) * A + ife. Ngati mumachita kusintha pang'ono, ndiye tidzakhala ndi National Assembly * D. Si bwino m'mene zinachitikira? Zilibe kanthu tsopano timalephera. Apa ndi ichi: ndalama - iwo, monga mowa, molingana ndi ndalama. Mu nthawi imene iwo ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama, mtengo kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amene anali umalimbana ndalama likulu.

kusintha maganizo

Tsopano tiyeni tione Solow chitsanzo ngati ntchito ya ulimi ndi mowa. Woterowo malo angakhale mawunikidwe njira kumvetsa mmene kudzikundikira likulu kumawathandiza kukula chuma dziko. Mtengo wake kwathunthu mu gawo chuma dziko likusintha zifukwa ziwiri:

1. Invests ndi kumawonjezera voliyumu yake.
2. Part likulu akupita pansi kapena depreciated lomwe lili ndi zoyipa kufunika kwake.

Kusanthula nthawi yomweyo monga kusintha kuchuluka kwa likulu zofunika kusamalira kuti zinthu kuzindikiridwa zokhudza phindu la ndalama ndi amortization. Kupeza kukula kwa index pa wantchito, ife kusintha chilinganizo athu pang'ono, kulowa ntchito yopanga, lomwe limasonyeza kukula kwa ndalama pa ntchito ndi mzinda kukula: Na * PF. chilinganizo limatiuza? The apamwamba mzinda ntchito chiŵerengero kwambiri, voliyumu ya ulimi ndi ndalama. Kulankhula za izi ndipo ena Keynesian chitsanzo cha kukula zachuma. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo likulu zokolola chiŵerengero. Ndipotu, izo zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina mafakitale Mu zaka zapitazo, koma ... Si ogwira zokwanira bwino.

amortization

Ife tikuyandikira deta zilipo zenizeni. Ndipo zimenezi tiyenera kuganizira depreciation. Kuganiza kuti pafupifupi likulu utali wamoyo ndi zaka 25, ndipo malamulo nazo (NV) - asanu peresenti chaka. Monga kudziwika kusamvana imfa, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kuti iwo ndi nthawi kuchepetsa monga nazo. Chifukwa, kachitidwe amaoneka ngati izi: padziko lapansi kutumphuka = - HB. Kodi phindu chatha kuti ife tikudziwa kale. Dziko lapansi kutumphuka - kusintha likulu katundu, ndipo ine - kunyakhe. N'zosavuta, pomwe? Ngati inu kuganizira zimene taphunzira kale, ndiye chilinganizo izi zikhoza kusinthidwa motere: Dziko Lapansi kutumphuka = Na * D - NV.

kufufuza

Lalikulu likulu chiŵerengero, ndi apamwamba wamkulu kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi kupanga mu mawerengedwe a wantchito wina. Ndi lofunika ili imodzi kumawonjezera ndi kutaya. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri zinthu khola ndi chimodzimodzi moyenera mfundo zokhudzana. Ngati nkhani ya chuma zingachitike zazikulu ndalama, ndi stagnation anaona outflow. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chuma chilichonse ndi malo okhazikika, kaya kukula likulu koyamba. Pakuti chitsanzo cha kukula zachuma Solow khalidwe amatha kuona njira chitukuko.

ntchito Chitsanzo

Tiyeni kulabadira za m'mbuyomu chuma cha dziko. Zinthu Germany ndi Japan ndi ife. Mu 1945, iwo anali bwinja, 60% ya chuma madalitso awonongeke. Tsopano iwo ali pakati pa mayiko ambiri wotukuka kwambiri. Pa mfundo zina ndi kukula kugunda kwa zachuma kuposa mu Kuchuluka kwa nthawi. Neoclassical kukula chitsanzo, kuphatikizapo Solow, kuganizira udindo wawo ngati zosokonekera boma khola. Linaponya kwambiri mlingo wa ulimi, koma chifukwa cha mlingo mkulu ndalama mu GNP (zomwe zinasungidwa ku zaka zam'mbuyo), chuma izi anatha kuonetsa ndalama kodabwitsa kuwonjezeka. Ndipo popeza otsika mzinda ndalama kuposa alipo pantchito kukula, ndipo anali kukula mkulu. Ndipotu, poyamba ine anakana kupanga buku, ndi anayamba ndalama Boom. Apa zimakhudza ndalama ndi ndalama. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti zimene zinachitika ku Germany ndi Japan, chozizwitsa zachuma. Koma ngati inu muyang'ana pa kaonedwe wa Solow chitsanzo, kuti ayenera. Zofanana ndi zimenezi zinachitika mu Soviet Union pambuyo kugwa kwake. Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti kupulumutsiramo iwo ndi ndalama, ife tiri ndi chimodzimodzi zotsatira chomwecho.

Ndipo maiko otukuka?

Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi chuma cha dziko kuti ali mu mkhalidwe wolimba. Iye ayamba kukhala pa mlingo wa ndalama ndi nkhokwe HC1 K1 likulu. Ndiye HC1 HC2 kukula. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali kusintha kosangalatsa ambiri mu chuma. Ndipo azilipira kwa Shootout ochuluka. Capital adzakhala pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka mpaka, mpaka akafika boma la K2, kwinakunso chuma. Ndipo ntchito m'njira khola, pamene kukula sizichitika mpaka NC2 NC3. Solow ananena kuti mlingo ndalama - ndi determinant chifungulo cha kuchuluka zisathe mtengo wa likulu mwamphamvu. zinthu zina wofanana amatipatsa mwayi kwambiri mchikakamizo cha misika dziko. Ndipotu, chifukwa mlingo ndalama zikuchulukirachulukira buku la ndalama, kenako mlingo wa ulimi - ndi phindu (kuwerenga - zofuna). Chifukwa cha ichi, m'mayiko amene ali ndi chidwi pa munthu ndalama ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa National Assembly, pali ziwawa kukula mu chuma. Ndipo akupitiriza kukwaniritsa khazikika.

kuchuluka kwa anthu

Gwirizanani - Keynesian chitsanzo cha kukula chuma chidwi chokwanira ndi Robert Solow anakhoza kulenga kwambiri khalidwe khadi malonda. Koma si onse. Ndipotu, pali kukula zonse zachuma zimene tingapereke kusunga padziko lonse. Pakuti ichi tinena pazikhalanso wina chizindikiro - kukula kwa anthu. Mmene zimakhudzira izo? Tiyeni tikumbukire: ndalama ndi kumawonjezera outflow likulu - amachepetsa. Population kukula tidzapeze kuchepetsa likulu mphamvu ya lililonse wantchito. Ndi chinthu chimodzi - pamene munthu ali ndi makina, ndipo pagona - pamene iye yekha kwa antchito khumi. Izi zimathandiza kupereka mafotokozedwe mozungulira ndi chifukwa mayiko osauka nthawi yomweyo ndi amene ali osauka mofulumira kwambiri (kukutanthauza kuti madera a Africa, Asia ndi America South). Ndipo pamene ukuwonjezeka anthu, zinthu zatsopano sayansi amapangidwa, kukula chosunga zachuma - ndi tsoka.

zitsanzo zina

Kumbukirani, poyamba analonjeza kuti tione zina masamu zida? Ndipo tsopano tikambirane chitsanzo cha Harrod-Domar. peculiarity ake ndi kuti anali koyamba ndipo makanema ojambula mathamangitsidwe. Iyo inasonyeza nsanja kumene, kenako, ndi Solow chitsanzo wakhala otukuka. peculiarity ake ndi kuti ali wosakwatiwa-chinthu. Choncho, ankakhulupirira kuti kukula chuma chokha yokwanira ntchito ndi ochititsa mwakale. Monga mbali ya Harrod-Domar chitsanzo anali linachokera mitunduyi kuti kulola kuwerengera otchedwa mitengo kungakupatseni kukula zachuma. Mu nkhani ya zolakwika aliyense kuti ankakhulupirira kuti mlandu zifukwa chokhala. Kenako, pansi kuthamanga akuwadzudzula chifukwa cha zikamera wa chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha Solow wakhala anasiya chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo.

Pomaliza

Kotero ife anayang'ana pa zimene zimapanga chitsanzo. Chifukwa maziko ongolankhula angamvetse kopita kuti chuma kunapezeka kukhala wopambana - muyenera kuwalimbikitsa kukula kwa ndalama.