Oligopoly - ndi kwa dongosolo choterocho?

Mu nthawi yathu kupeza dziko limene zinthu zonse za mpikisano woyera, ndi kovuta. Pafupifupi msika chimakhala chogwidwa ndi limodzi kapena kuphangira ochepa, omwe chikoka zikuluzikulu chitukuko patsogolo, ndipo ngati osati kwa polojekiti zonse ndi mabungwe mwayi malonda mu malonda panopa adzakhala zochepa kwambiri. Mmodzi wa mitundu yofala mpikisano opanda ungwiro masiku ano ndi oligopoly. Mfundo imeneyi chifukwa ambiri Zatsala yosokoneza, ndipo kotero tiyeni tiyang'ane pa izo mwatsatanetsatane.

tanthawuzo

Oligopoly - izi ndi msika oterowo mawonekedwe a mpikisano ungwiro, kuli msika anapatsidwa pali kwambiri gulu laling'ono la anthu ogulitsa. Kuchuluka kwawo likuvutika atsopano kapena kapena zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. M'mawu ena, ndi oligopoly - ndi pamene ogulitsa mukhoza kuziwerenga pa zala.

Zizindikiro ndi Mitundu

Kudziwa zotsatirazi mbali ya kapangidwe ka msika :

• Yovomerezeka kapena kusiyanitsidwa mankhwala.
• A ambiri makasitomala ndi ochepa Makampani.
• Pamaso pa zopinga amphamvu zoteteza kulowa mpikisano zotheka.
• Kudalirana wa makampani ndi mzake, amene penapake zimasokoneza ulamuliro wa mitengo.

Pali tanthauzo lina la mtundu wa mpikisano, amene kugwirizana ndi mtengo wa Herfindahl index. Choncho otchedwa chizindikiro amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa monopolization a msika. Iwo masamu pogwiritsa ntchito njira:

HHI = S _{January ²} + S ₂ ² + ... + S _N ² kumene

S - kuchuluka kwa malonda aliyense wa makampani ndi.

Mtengo wake pazipita ndi 10,000 (koyera okhawo), ndi mtengo osachepera okha ndi chiŵerengero 10,000 / N, kumene N - chiwerengero cha makampani mu makampani (malinga gawo la malonda a Makampani awa ngofanana). Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti oligopoly - msika lomwe kufunika index ali wamkulu kuposa 2000. Kuyambira 1982, index ichi chimagwira ntchito yaikulu mu "ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika" malamulo: ena chiŵerengero mafakitale ndi zoposa 1000, boma akuyamba kulamulira aliyense M & A Makampani. Malinga ndi zimene mtundu wa mankhwala anapangidwa msika, izo anaganiza kuonetsetsa mitundu zotsatirazi oligopoly: koyera ndi kusiyanitsidwa. Mbali yoyamba wapangidwa yunifolomu yovomerezeka mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, simenti, zotayidwa, mkuwa), ndipo chachiwiri - mankhwala osiyanasiyana a magwiridwe omwewo (mwachitsanzo, magalimoto, makamera, matayala). Cartel - komanso oligopoly. chiwembu cha ochepa makampani ndi kulemekeza linanena bungwe ndi mitengo kuti kuwonjezera mlingo wa phindu. Ngati nonse muzibwera palimodzi mu makampani, mu nkhani iyi, khalidwe ngati monopolist a.

Zitsanzo moyo: Oligopoly

Anthu ena amadabwa kuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani mu Russia ngongole ngati mtengo" Osunga Ndalama ali wolungama ndi chiopsezo ndi kukwera mtengo kwa kulera ndalama. Koma kwenikweni - izo zangokhala smokescreen kuseri kwake apamwamba (poyerekeza ndi lipoti European) malire. Theka la dongosolo banki umalamulidwa ndi mabanki asanu: Bank of Moscow, VTB 24, Rosselkhozbank, Gazprombank, Sberbank ndi VTB. Pali tingachipeze powerenga nkhani ya oligopoly, ndipo ngakhale mu phiko la boma. Monga zitsanzo zina ndi msika wa mwakwera ndege ( "Airbus" "Boeing"), galimoto msika, lalikulu kunyumba zipangizo ndi zina zotero. D.