Jamaica dongosolo ndalama

Dziko lero ukugwira ntchito ku Jamaica dongosolo ndalama, limene mapangano anali Mukalowa mu Jamaica mu Kingston kumayambiriro 1976. M'mawu ake oyamba kwathunthu anasiya mfundo ya muyeso wa golide ndi wovomerezeka mfulu floatation (kusambira) mitengo. Limagwirira wa Interstate ndi chikoka national pa mapangidwe mitengo kuwombola yachilendo wakhala kwambiri kusinthidwa. dongosolo sayendera machitidwe ndalama za maiko munthu (kuphatikizapo US) - izo mfundo legislated wa yapakati-boma.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano mitengo kuwombola ali prehistory ake. Mu makumi asanu mochedwa ndi zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira a XX atumwi kwa United States, nthawi imene ambiri a muyezo wa ndalama kunapezeka kuti zoipa, kuchuluka dollar kuchuluka kupitirira malire a dziko, monga nkhokwe za golide akutsanzira zatha. The United States, malinga ndi mapangano Bretton Woods, kuumirizidwa kukakomana ndi Kowonjezereka kwa golide magombe a pakati pa mayiko ena. Ndipo pamene inu kuganizira kuti golide United States anakakamizika kugulitsa pa mtengo atathana wa $ 35 pa nusu, zikuonekeratu kuti pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinachititsa kuti angatifooketsere wa malo golide.

Chiyembekezo chakuti ya muyeso wa golide, anayambitsa mu 1971 anakhala Richard Nixon, ndi khazikitsa mmene zotheka kusinthasintha mu mtengo (mwadzina) ndalama ndi dollar mu uthunthu wa 2,25% zinachititsa osakhalitsa kwambiri ya misika kuwombola yachilendo. Dongosolo Bretton Woods sanathe kukhala ndi kuonjezera imeneyi ili kuti 4.5%, ndipo mu 1972, m'chaka, ndi United States analengeza 10 peresenti devaluation ya dola.

Japan kumayambiriro 1973 analengeza mtengo akuyandama ya ndalama ya dziko, koma penapake mu mwezi anachita izo ndi EU. Choncho, "akuyandama" kusinthitsa ndalama ulamuliro kuchokera pano Mwamseri anakhala osakhala, kotero kuti kuchuluka osakhalitsa wa ndalama dziko.

Jamaica ndalama dongosolo anaika chiyambi cha yovomerezeka oscillations ufulu mitengo kuwombola. Kuyambira mu 1978, analowa mphamvu pa hayala kusinthidwa wa IMF, amene amalola limati membala kusinthasintha kwa akamagwiritsa, makamaka:

• mamembala a thumba ndi osapatsidwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa parities ndalama ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito "akuyandama" kusinthitsa ndalama boma;
• kuwombola msika pakati ndalama kukhazikitsa parity zingasiyane mu osiyanasiyana 4.5% kwa icho;
• mayiko amene adalipo kukonza parity kwa ndalama zake, mukhoza kupita ku 'akuyandama' kusinthitsa ndalama boma ngati n'koyenera.

Choncho, Jamaica dongosolo ndalama wapereka ziwalo IMF kusankha:

• anapereka ndalama "akuyandama" kusinthitsa ndalama;
• kapena kusunga atathana unit wa nkhani ya IMF mu SDR (ufulu wapadera zojambula), chifukwa cha kumayambiriro "muyeso wa golide", kapena kuti magawo ena zotheka nkhani;
• kukhazikitsa chiŵerengero olimba a ndalama zake (anamanga) kuti ndalama za maiko ena: umodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Koma n'zotheka parity la ndalama mu mawu a golide kwathunthu mulibemo.

Mwa mayiko ndi mitengo "akuyandama" kusinthanitsa, n'zotheka onani United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Greece, Israeli, UK ndi ena ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, magombe a pakati pa mayiko amenewa, ndi kusinthasintha lakuthwa akhalebe mitengo kuwombola. N'chifukwa chake mitengo "akuyandama" kusinthanitsa amatchedwa "kulamulira" kapena "zonyansa." Ambiri, mitengo kuwombola m'mayiko olemera ali mu gulu kapena choyera "kusambira".

Palinso mwini ndalama dera dongosolo, monga EMU limene poyambirira ntchito yatsopano mawerengedwe wagawo ECU zochokera dengu la ndalama za maiko omwe ali ndi malamulo ndi pangano. Mu 1999, ECU anali m'malo ndi Yuro.

Komabe Jamaica dongosolo ndalama ali kufunika zina kukonzanso chofunika kusintha lonse limagwirira ndalama, gwero lina ya mavuto a chuma dziko ndi dziko.