Modutsa - oimira magulu osiyanasiyana kumamukopa parliamentarians mu chisankho yabwino kwa malamulo a magulu. modutsa Political mu Russia

Munthu patali kuonera ntchito malamulo, kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika mu nyumba yamalamulo ndi kovuta. omvetsera amapatsidwa njira, nthawi zina limodzi ndi review anzawo. Koma mfundo yakuti anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana kumamukopa aphungu sizidzatha, mosalekeza, wotsimikizika nkhondo amakhalabe ofikira. Tiyeni tione m'mene ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zimachitika. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife tikupeza kodi modutsa ndale.

tanthauzo

Aliyense mfundo za sayansi ndi mwambo kuyamba kuphunzira ndi mfundo za tanthauzo lake. Malinga ndi dikishonale, anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana kumamukopa parliamentarians wokongolayo mawu achilendo "modutsa". Tanthauzo la ntchito yawo ndi kupereka kuthamanga mbali pa akuluakulu. anthu awa ganyu gulu la anthu amalonda. Iwo anaika chandamale. Ndi zimenezo, ndiye iwo ntchito, ntchito njira ovomerezeka mwalamulo. Kodi nthawi yomweyo kudziŵika kuti si onse mfundo modutsa limati mkulu wa boma. Koma pali zambiri kapena zochepa kulikonse. Ndi chida chabwino kwa kusintha malangizo a tsatanetsatane wa aphungu mu zofuna zake zokha. Pano pali chitsanzo. Hypothetically opanga mafuta n'kopindulitsa kuonjezera malonda magalimoto payekha. Koma okhawo amene ntchito mafuta akatulutsidwa. Koma iwo m'gulu sindimakonda chitukuko cha mphamvu zina, kuphatikizapo amasulidwe Motors magetsi. Koma anthu sali mu malo (ku dziko lililonse). Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana, anthu akufuna kubweretsa iwo kupanga phindu. Pofuna lobweretsa zomvetsa, mafuta athu tycoons kuti amaumiriza yamalamulo kuteteza ndalama ya mapulogalamu mphamvu zina. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ayenera akatswiri. Apa iwo amatchedwa zovuta akuti "oimira magulu osiyanasiyana kuti zimakhudza aphungu a."

Maonekedwe a modutsa ndale

Tikumbukenso kuti anapanga mtundu umenewu mu America. Izi ndi chipatso cha chuma zaufulu. Mu United States anatsegula mabungwe apadera ndi maudindo nawo lobbying. Iwo ntchito m'makampani zazikulu, kotero kuti zofuna zawo akuimira mu Congress. Nthawi zambiri zimadalira pa malamulo a mabizinezi dziko phindu. Ngati mukuona kusandulika kwa mau "lobbying", izo kwenikweni amatanthauza kuti "modutsa." Choncho, limafotokoza kulankhula ndi mamembala a (anthu ena nawo posankha zochita ndondomeko) kuti asinthe maganizo awo m'njira yoyenera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, njira zosiyanasiyana zandale ntchito. ndale modutsa pafupifupi nthawi zonse ntchito. Koma demokalase underdeveloped ndi zosaloledwa. Kumbukirani Soviet Union. Komanso makampani waukulu kwambiri atsogoleri anamenyera malamulo boma ndi zokonda ena ku bajeti. Komabe, m'munda malamulo mfundo otere kulibe.

mitundu modutsa

Activities akatswiri amene amatha kusintha zochita zofunika m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, osati chuma. Choncho anaganiza subdivide ntchito m'munda. Choncho, kulankhula za modutsa, kumene zofunika:

• yopititsa patsogolo mitundu ina ya nyumba mphamvu;
• kuti amaumiriza amene kusankha boma, ncholinga bungwe lirilonse, munthu, gululi.

Komanso, lingaliro ili m'gulu la dongosolo la dongosolo la ndale asapita anthu. Kuyenera ananenanso kuti oimira magulu osiyanasiyana kumamukopa parliamentarians si nthawi zonse kupita kudzera mwa lamulo. Ndi chinsinsi, ndithudi mukhoza kupita ziphuphu, kutumikira munthu kulankhulana kapena zofuna. Koma anthu kuchitikanso mu chitsogozo cha ntchito yovomerezeka lobbying. Ngati chodabwitsa alipo mwachikulu, chifukwa polimbana?

njira kuthamanga

Ife kuganizira okhawo mitundu ya lobbyists ntchito musati adzawombana ndi lamulo. Angapo a iwo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti kazembe - positi chisankho. Choncho, munthu kuti ndikofunika kuti maganizo a anthu. MP kwenikweni lolunjika pa m'nyanjazi awo. Izi bwino ntchito mwa lobbyists. Zimalimbikitsa akuluakulu m'malo mwa nzika. Chifukwa chaichi, monga ulamuliro, izo anakonza chikalata wapadera. Komanso, n'zotheka bungwe apilo misa kuti yamalamulo ndi omwe adzaponye chisanko cha. Ichi ndi bungwe, cholinga ntchito. Ngati njira umenewu zotsatira looneka ndi lobbyists kupitirira. Amatsegula zionetsero Unyinji wa nzika kupanga zofunika zawo. Mwachitsanzo, tinachita nthawi zambiri ku Ukraine. misa anatumizidwa ntchito mawu otchuka. Ndipo zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi anasangalala ndi anthu amene "adzaitana nyimbo." The modutsa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwayi TV. Analamulidwa mabuku apadera, nkhani ndi HIV.

Modutsa ku Russia

Akukhulupirira kuti Russia mtundu umenewu ndi chikhalidwe mu chikhalidwe. Izo ntchito oyamba ku mudzi mfundo za demokalase kukopa anthu kuti chigamulo cha mavuto boma. Nkofunika pankhaniyi kuonetsetsa mudziwe ntchito lobbyists. Izi ndi Russia chodabwitsa latsopano. Ndipotu, pamaso zochita anapangidwa "mobisa". Tsopano lobbyists amakopeka ndi nzika wamba, kuwadziwitsa za mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto. Izi kumawonjezera mlingo wa democratization wa anthu a.

lobbying ntchito

Kuti anthu, n'kofunika kutenga mtundu umenewu. Ngati ife kusiya pambali mbali zake zoipa, ife tikupeza pali zambiri zothandiza. Pambuyo lobbying facilitates mgwirizano zofuna za magulu osiyanasiyana. khama yogwira ntchito "Kankhani" zochita zina anayesetsa poyera, amalenga ayankhe chikhalidwe zimathandiza pofuna kukwaniritsa zofuna ndi zofuna za makasitomala ndi anthu. Ndipotu, zochita za ndale - njira yamoyo. Ophunzira kwambiri mu izo, zambiri zotsatira zake zidzakhala zolemeletsedwa. Komanso, lobbyists kwenikweni abwino kuzindikira ndi anthu a ufulu wawo boma. Zimavuta nawo, anthu okhudzidwa mu moyo chikhalidwe cha boma.

Lobbying ngati chida

Bwino ntchito, ndondomeko zimenezi kumathandiza kuti chilengedwe cha kwambiri ndi muyeso anthu. Nzika yogwira nawo mmenemo, ndi lobbying zothandiza kwambiri ndi boma. Kumathandiza mogwirizana kuganizira polenga zinthu yovomerezeka strata zosiyanasiyana za anthu. Pajatu aliyense ali zolinga zawo ndi zolinga. Nthawi zina sizigwirizana. Public ndi lonse mosamala maganizo younikira akhoza kusalaza zinthu, kukhala wololera malangizo chitukuko. Komanso, lobbying ndipo amachita osiyanitsidwa cholinga. Chilombocho kukakamiza akuluakulu ndi ziwanga, amalenga mavuto ulamuliro ndikukhazikitsa mfundo za chilungamo ndi mlandu kwa anthu.

zolakwa

Mwatsoka, m'mayiko ambiri kwambiri nkhawa ndi lobbyists imushchestvenno - khalidwe malamulo. Adamuyikizira kulimbikitsa mfundo kugwirizana ndi kufalitsa magwero ndalama ndalama, chuma, zachilengedwe, quotas, zokonda ndi zambiri. zinthu zimenezi kawirikawiri aliwerenge. Kuti zikupangitsa kuti ukuyenda ziphuphu. Nthawi zina lobbying amagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a chilungamo chikhalidwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa lochitira mu mlingo wa solvency makasitomala. Gwirizanani, mabizinesi ndi mipata yambiri kuposa anthu wamba. Zokonza ntchito yamalamulo umalimbana kuphatikizapo mmenemo kuyeretsa Institute of lobbying ku zolakwa, kupanga izo chida abwino kwa anthu. Ndipo chikuchitika, ife tiwona!