Kandalama functionalism T. Parsons ndi R.Merton

Kandalama functionalism ndi azimuth kutsogolera Chaanthu. Izo mosamala kwambiri zinakonzedwa ntchito za Talcott Parsons ndi Robert Merton. Taganizirani mfundo zawo mwatsatanetsatane.

T. Parsons - Senior Professor wa mphamvu ya Sociology pa Harvard analowa mbiri ya sayansi monga mlengi wa njira ina yatsopano. Kandalama functionalism ntchito yake mosamala kwambiri ndi bwino anakamba. The chakudya waukulu akhala anakonza kwa iwo, ali motere.

1. Kandalama functionalism amanena kuti chikhalidwe ndi mgwirizano subsystems atatu: nkhani ya kanthu, vuto ndi malangizo phindu normative pofuna kanthu. Chifukwa ndi zovuta kudziletsa bungwe lomwe losiyana volyuntaristichnostyu, zolimbana ndi ophiphiritsa.
2. Mu chimango cha dongosolo lapadera la kanthu kusanthula dongosolo wakhala otukuka. Chifukwa ndi tetrafunctional dera chimene chingathe anthu analytically ogaŵikana subsystems zinayi: khalidwe lake dzina, chikhalidwe ndi dongosolo chikhalidwe.
3. T. Parsons zinthu zimenezi kuti vuto la bata ndi zopezera zovuta lapansi. Chitukuko zabwinobwino komanso moyo sotsisistemy adzafunika kugwira ntchito yeniyeni. Izi anatengera chilengedwe; tseledostizheniya; kusakanikirana ndi mgwirizano zinthu zonse; yokonza malamulo apadela ndi dongosolo.
4. Kandalama functionalism Parsons ananena kuti kufunika lizigwirizana subsystem zachuma. Nchito yake ndi tseledostizheniya, kusakanikirana ndi matupi zina ndi kukhalabe dongosolo la malamulo. Komanso, kufunika kwa mabungwe socialization kuchita.
5. magulu ambiri alipo mu tsiku lino si mitundu ina mwachisawawa. Izi - dongosolo lonse, mbali zake ndi kusiyanitsidwa ndi mzake, koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo Integrated pa maziko a kudalirana.
6. Mtundu yamakono ya anthu amatha kudzachitika pokhapo m'dera chisinthiko. Pa nthawi ino - ndi West.

Kandalama functionalism R. Merton tikunena pafupifupi kusanthula sotssistem. Bukuli lili ndi malo ena ambiri kuposa Parsons lingaliro. Popeza yotsirizira tikunena yekha zizindikiro zawo ndi magwiridwe a dongosolo ndi ndondomeko zofunika kuti chikhalidwe. Merton komanso zoyenera chisamaliro chake kukanika ndi osokonekera, zimene zimachititsa ponso mu kusagwirizana, mikangano, kuyan'anila za mwadongosolo. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za anatengera zoipa nyumba yake yaikulu.

Chapakati ndi lingaliro lake ndi chiphunzitso cha mitundu ya maonekedwe ntchito - covert ndi zoonekera. Woyamba n'lakuti pamene izo zifika pa atakomoka ndi yosakonzekera zotsatira za chikhalidwe, ndipo chachiwiri - mwadala ndi cholinga.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chitukuko cha R. Merton chiphunzitso cha anomalies ndi khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka. maonekedwe awo wasayansi ankamuona ngati zotsatira za mawonekedwe a vutoli, matenda ndi, matenda ndi dongosolo osokonekera chikhalidwe. Kutithandiza kuona ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makhalidwe abwino ndi maloto a kupotozedwa mu payekha ndi chikhalidwe kutsitsimuka. Iye anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane Chaanthu ya ntchito, mankhwala ndi sayansi.

Chiphunzitso cha functionalism R. Merton limatchula mitundu isanu ya anatengera:

• conformism, pamene amachita zinthu ndi njira kukwaniritsa munthu analandira zonse;
• luso, pamene comprehended zolinga yekha chikhalidwe;
• ritualism, pamene anazindikira njira kukwaniritsa;
• retritizm wokanayo kuti, ndi wina;
• kupanduka zikutanthauza kuukira.