Robert Merton: yonena za Katswiri wotchuka. chopereka Robert Merton kuti Sociology

Robert Merton - ndi Katswiri wotchuka, mphunzitsi ndi munthu wodziwika padziko lonse, mmodzi wa akatswiri otchuka a Chaanthu cha m'ma 20. Iye anakwanitsa kwakukuru kusintha maganizo stereotypical, lomwe nthawi yaitali asayansi kuti eccentric namatetule samangika ndi malamulo. Ndi thupi ntchito imeneyi ndipo anapanga umboni mu 1994 National Zikho kwa zasayansi.

Merton walandira mphoto zambiri chifukwa kafukufuku. Iye anali wasayansi woyamba chikhalidwe, amene anapangidwa ndi membala aulemu wa Academy National wa Sciences ndi nthumwi achilendo kwa Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, iye mabuku angapo ntchito maphunziro pa chiphunzitso sociological ndi mawailesi.

Zaka zoposa 70. anapatsa ophunzira ake nkhani kwambiri pa mbiri, mabuku ndi etymology, komanso mutu sociological: ntchito atolankhani, ndi thunthu la tsankho, malingaliro chikhalidwe, akunja ndi insiders.

Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za munthu wamkulu uyu.

Robert Merton: A MBIRI

Anabadwa mu Philadelphia, July 4, 1910 mu banja lina longobwera Ayuda. bambo ake anali katswiri wa Chaanthu pa University Columbia, ndipo mayi ake anam'patsa mphamvu zawo zonse za maphunzilo a wana.

Anaphunzitsidwa sekondale South Philly. Mu unyamata wake anali mlendo pafupipafupi ku laibulale Endryu Karnegi mu Academy of Music, Museum wa Art ndi ena malo chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.

Ndili ndi zaka 14, iye anasintha dzina lake Merlin, pambuyo mmodzi wa anthu otchulidwa kwambiri wosamvetsetseka nthano Mfumu Arthur. Koma anzake anamuuza kuti anali kwambiri "matsenga" ndipo alichotsamo ndi Merton.

ntchito maphunziro

ntchito yake sociological anayamba motsogozedwa ndi George Simpson ku Kachisi College ndi Pitirima Sorokina a University Harvard, amene anali nawo pa kafukufuku wazotsatira ndi zowerengera.

Mu 1936, Robert Mfumu Merton analandira digiri wake ku University Harvard. Mu 1939 iye anakhala katswiri ndi mutu wa dipatimenti ya Chaanthu pa University Tulane, ndipo mu 1941 limodzi ndi University Columbia. Mu 1963, iye analandira udindo waukulu - ndi yunivesite.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1942 mpaka 1971 iye anali wachiwiri Director wa Bureau of Akutsatira Social University Research. Panadzakhalanso lecturer pa University Rockefeller. Mu 1985, pozindikira anathandiza kwambiri kuti sayansi ndi yaitali ntchito yopindulitsa pa University Columbia, iye amaitcha mutu wa Doctor wa Science.

Robert Merton anakwatiwa kawiri. Ku ukwati wake woyamba iye anali ndi ana awiri ndi ana aakazi awiri. mwana wake, Robert C. Merton mu 1997 anakhala mwini mu Prize Nobel in Economics.

Robert Merton anafa February 23, 2003.

Mphatso ndi mphoto

Mu ntchito ya sayansi Merton yapangitsa udindo zingapo zofunika:

- wachiwiri Director wa Bureau of Akutsatira Social Research pa University Columbia, (1942-1971 biennium).

- Myang'aniri wa Center Yophunzirira mwaukadauloZida mu khalidwe Sciences pa University Stanford , (1952-1975 biennium).

- Pulezidenti wa American Sociological Association (1957).

Robert Merton nayenso analandira mphoto zingapo pamwamba:

- yapamwamba maphunziro ku Bungwe la American wa Societies Anaphunzira (1962);

- Commonwealth Prize chifukwa zinthu zazikulu zimene Chaanthu (1970);

- Makaratur linapereka ku sukulu yaukachenjede wowonjezera (mu 1980);

- Prize "Ndani ndani mu America" chifukwa cha kuphunzira mkulu m'munda wa sayansi chikhalidwe (1984);

- mu 1985, Yunivesite Columbia kupereka iye mutu wa Doctor wa Science.

Robert Merton: Muzipereka kwa Sociology

Ntchito sayansi Merton makamaka lolunjika pa "chiphunzitso pakati osiyanasiyana" chitukuko. , Iye analimbikitsa asayansi kupewa ziphunzitso zazikulu zongopeka ndiponso umboni, komanso kufunsa pedantic kuti ndi chodziwikiratu kuti awatsogolere zotsatira zaphindu.

Adakali maphunziro wophunzira pa University Harvard (1936), m'nkhani wake "kapangidwe Social ndi Anomie" analemba za ranges khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi upandu. Mbali yaikulu ya unapangitsa "nkhawa sociological" Merton anapitiriza kuphunzira chikhalidwe kulamulira ndi kupatuka mavuto.

chiphunzitso Robert Merton ikutsimikizidwanso pa mfundo zomwe anthu asa- mwayi wawo ndi zofooka nkani; chosagwedera ntchito anthu ali onse chikhalidwe ( "Mateyu zotsatira"), zomwe akufuna agwirizane zabalalika. Iye anasonyeza fragility a mitundu yachibadwa cha lamulo chikhalidwe monga utsogoleri ofunda, mfundo lalikulu chikhalidwe ndi mfundo akatswiri.

"The malamulo a sayansi" ndi mfundo zina

Robert Mfumu Merton akufuna wapadera "mfundo sayansi" monga ya n'zimene asayansi Ayesetse:

- communalism - sayansi ya dziko lotseguka;

- Universalism - sayansi "sasankhana";

- wosadzikonda - sayansi ya Kudziwa comwe

- bungwe kukayikira - sayansi ya potsimikiza mfundo zonse ndi ziphunzitso.

Iye anapanga kwambiri mfundo sociological m'deralo, kuphatikizapo mfundo monga "ulosi kudziletsa wokwanitsidwa", "zotsatira posakonzekera" ndi akuti "kufafaniza ndi kukhazikitsidwa" - pamene chiphunzitso zimakhala choncho atchukitsa kuti tate wake kuyiwala za akamanena za chiphunzitso chimenechi. Iye anaonetsa maganizo "nthawi" pofotokoza apezazi wodzilamulira mu sayansi.

kusinthasintha aluntha

Kumayambiriro 60 ntchentche wa Merton iye Inabuka kuphunzira zifukwa zikuluzikulu chikhalidwe ndi gulu ntchito asayansi. Amaphatikiza kupenda mosamalitsa ntchito ya Nobel Prize opambana, ndondomeko mpikisano, ubale mabuku ndi kafukufuku ndi mabvuto chikhalidwe cha anapeza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa "ufumu" wa sayansi.

Katswiri Robert Merton anasonyeza kusinthasintha wake m'mutu kuphunzira mafunso okhudza formulations ongolankhula zothandiza kufanizitsa ndi gulu kafukufuku wazotsatira ndi tanthauzo yeniyeni ya ntchito sociological masiku ano anthu ambiri.

ntchito yasayansi

Waukulu ntchito sayansi mu moyo woyambirira wa Merton: "Science, luso ndi anthu m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri mu England" (1938), "Social chiphunzitso ndi dongosolo Social" (Mabaibulo angapo zinatuluka kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1968).

Kenako lofalitsidwa ntchito zimenezi: "Student Doctor" (1957), "Sociology ya Science: ongolankhula ndi wazotsatira Studies" (1973), "Sociological Ambivalence ndi essays zina" (1976), "maphunziro Social nachita ntchito "(1982).

Mabuku ena otchuka ali ndi mndandanda wa essays lolembedwa ndi Coser (iwo zinasindikizidwa mu chikumbutso 65th a Robert): "Ganizo dongosolo chikhalidwe: mapepala polemekeza Merton" (1975).

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tikhoza kunena kuti Robert Merton - munthu wamkulu, mpainiya m'munda wa maphunziro ano andale ndi sociological. Iye ndi chimodzi la asayansi otchuka chikhalidwe cha America. Iye anakhala Katswiri woyamba amene kafukufuku wake walandira mphoto zambiri ndi mphatso. Kwa ntchito yake mayunivesite oposa 20 (kuphatikizapo Harvard, Yale, Columbia ndi Chicago) Merton anali kupereka mayina aulemu. ntchito ya sayansi ndi lero ndi mu ankafuna mkulu pakati ofufuza ophunzira.