Maphunziro Social. Njira Research Social

Mu dziko muli ambiri mfundo zosiyana kuthana ndi kuti si yapafupi. M'nkhani yomweyi, tikambirana maphunziro amenewa, kodi amasiyana sociological, ndi amene nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu.

About terminology

Pankhaniyi, funso la mawu ndi pachimake ndithu. Ndipotu, makampani ngakhale ambiri akatswiri zambiri osati kusiyanitsa mfundo monga maphunziro sociological ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo izo ziri zolakwika. Ndipotu, pali kusiyana. Ndipo iwo zofunika kwambiri.

Chinthu choyamba kudziwa kuti Chaanthu kwambiri sayansi kuphunzira anthu wonse, kulankhulana zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zabwino. Dera chikhalidwe - ndi mbali zina za dziko. Ndiko kuti, ngati inu kupanga mapeto kuyambirira ndi yosavuta, kuphunzira choncho akhoza kupita kwathunthu ku dera chikhalidwe.

Kodi kusiyana kwake?

Kodi kwenikweni osiyana sociological ndi chikhalidwe maphunziro?

1. kafukufuku Social imatsogoleredwa yekha bwino, zochepa kuchuluka kwa dera chikhalidwe.
2. Pa kafukufuku sociological, pali njira zambiri yeniyeni, mu chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti tiganizire m'gulu waukulu njira kufufuza sociological.
3. maphunziro Social angathe kuchitidwa osati mwa akatswiri, komanso madokotala, maloya, Ofesi, atolankhani, ndi zina zotero. D.

Komabe, tiyenera kulongosola kuti funso la kusiyana enieni kwambiri pakati pa kafukufuku chikhalidwe ndi sociological silinakwaniritsidwe potsiriza mwake. asayansi amakono ali kukangana za ena zazing'ono, koma yofunika kwambiri mfundo.

Chinthu ndi nkhani

Phunziro la kafukufuku chikhalidwe angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Ndipo izo zimatengera nkhani osankhidwa. Zinthu komanso N'kutheka kuti (monga wasayansi V. A. Lukova):

• njira Social ndi mabungwe.
• Madera Social.
• Social mfundo Ziganizo ndi malingaliro.
• Malamulo kuti pena bwanji zisinthe.
• ntchito Social ndi zina zotero. D.

Nchito ya Research Social

kafukufuku Social ali ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Matendawa. Kuti ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe umalimbana kumvetsa zimene zimachitika wa chinthu pa nthawi ya phunzirolo.
2. Kulondola mfundo. Kuti mauthenga onse amene Akusonkhanitsa ndondomeko kafukufuku, ayenera kukhala zolondola. Mu nkhani ya kusintha kupotoza izipangidwa.
3. Yotani. Zotsatira kafukufuku n'zotheka kuti alenge Zoneneratu yochepa yaitali delineating chiyembekezo zotheka.
4. Design. Ndiko kuti, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku akhoza kuyambitsa malangizo osiyana kusintha n'zotheka kuphunzira malo osankhidwa.
5. Kuwafotokozera. Zotsatira za kafukufuku chikhalidwe ayenera kukhala pagulu. Iwo ankafunika kupereka zinthu zina kwa anthu, kufotokoza mfundo zina.
6. Revitalization. Chifukwa zotsatira za kafukufuku chikhalidwe akhoza adamulowetsa kapena kumenyana ndi ntchito yogwira wa ntchito zothandiza anthu, ndi mabungwe onse pa kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana chinthu kafukufuku.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya

ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya kafukufuku umoyo wa anthu?

• Maphunziro kafukufuku.
• Ntchito kafukufuku.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mtundu woyamba kuphunzira pano Cholinga pa akamaliza maziko ongolankhula, mwachitsanzo. E. yodziŵa mu anasankha dera. kafukufuku Akutsatira umalimbana yosanthula malo ena a moyo chikhalidwe cha deralo.

kafukufuku Akutsatira

Dziwani kuti pali chinthu monga kafukufuku ntchito chikhalidwe. Ndi zovuta za njira zosiyana ndi ziphunzitso kuthandiza kupenda mavuto. cholinga chawo chachikulu mu nkhani iyi ndi kupeza zotsatira anafuna ntchito zawo wotsatira kuti athandize anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, njira izi chikanachitika mu gawo la dziko lathu kwa nthawi yaitali. Zoyesayesa woyamba pa kafukufuku chikhalidwe mu Russia - kalembera. Amagwirana mokhazikika kuyambira m'ma 18. deta koyamba kafukufuku Boom inayamba mu positi-chosintha nthawi (Kafukufuku P. Sorokin achibale, J. Lassen - dera kugonana moyo wa achinyamata, etc ...). Today maphunziro awa chikhalidwe zatenga malo kwambiri pakati mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana ya kuphunzira anthu.

njira zoyambirira

Kodi njira yaikulu ya kafukufuku umoyo wa anthu? Kotero, Dziwani kuti iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi njira sociological. Ngakhale zinthu zina pali ena alipo. The njira zotsatirazi zambiri ntchito:

• Kayeseleledwe.
• Lounikira.
• Matendawa.
• Kudzifufuza.

Palinso maganizo nawo mbali mogwirizana komanso aktsionistskih Research Social. Taganizirani njira iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane.

mawerengeredwe

Maphunziro amakono a chikhalidwe zambiri ntchito njira monga kayeseleledwe. Ndi chiyani icho? Kotero, ili ndi wapadera kapangidwe chida. Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti njira imeneyi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale ndipo akugwiritsabe ntchito lero. Chitsanzo chomwecho - ndi chinthu, limene, mogwirizana ndi malingaliro, m'malo chinthu chenicheni, wapachiyambi. Kuphunzira chinthu imeneyi imapereka olondola ndi kumvetsetsa kwakuya mavuto zoyambirira za chinthu chenicheni. Ndiko kuphunzira choncho imachitika pa n'zosiyana ndi. Chitsanzo chomwecho amachita zotsatirazi ntchito atatu:

1. Predictive. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula ena akuneneratu zimene zingatigwere m'tsogolo ndi chinthu kafukufuku chikhalidwe.
2. Kayeseleledwe. Mu nkhani iyi, chimauza achikhalire ndi chitsanzo latsopano limene limachititsa kumvetsa bwino kufufuza choyambirira yokha.
3. Projective. Pankhaniyi, chinthu kafukufuku cholinga ntchito zina anakonzeratu kapena katundu, amene zina bwino khalidwe la zotsatira analandira.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti ndondomeko mawerengeredwe kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo pomanga chinthu zofunika, kukhazikitsa mfundo, komanso kumanga zosiyanasiyana malingaliro sayansi.

diagnostics

Ife tiganizire moposera za njira zosiyanasiyana za kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Kodi matenda? Choncho, ndi njira imene ikupanga sangathe kukhazikitsa magawo osiyana a chenicheni chikhalidwe mfundo ndi zizindikiro zilipo. Kuti, njira lakonzedwa kuyeza makhalidwe osiyanasiyana chinthu anasankha kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chaichi njira yapadera zizindikiro chikhalidwe (ichi ndi makhalidwe apadera katundu aliyense, komanso chikhalidwe cha zinthu chikhalidwe).

Dziwani kuti njira ambiri matenda chikhalidwe akupezeka khalidwe la anthu kuphunzira kapena lochitira chikhalidwe. Kuonetsetsa magawo zotsatirazi matenda njira:

1. Yerekezerani. Izo zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi maphunziro yapita, zotsatira analandira zolinga anafuna.
2. Analysis kusintha onse analandira.
3. Kutanthauzira.

Kupenda chikhalidwe

Ngati ikuchitika maphunziro umoyo ndi zachuma, nthawi zambiri njira yaikulu Zoonadi kumupima. Mbaliyi zotsatirazi zazikulu ndi mbali:

1. Matenda a chinthu chikhalidwe.
2. Kupeza zokhudza chinthu kuphunzira, komanso m'madera ozungulira mzindawo.
3. Ulosi wa kusintha wotsatira.
4. Development wa ayamikira m'tsogolo posankha zochita.

phunziro Aktsionistskoe

Research mu chikhalidwe ntchito ungakhalenso aktsionistkim. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu, muyenera kudziwa kuti mawu - Anglicism. Poyamba akuti zikumveka ngati kafukufuku kanthu, r Mukhoza. F. "Research-kanthu" (mu English) .. Mawu akuti wakhala akufuna ntchito akutali 1944, wasayansi Kurt Lewin. Mu phunziro limeneli choncho zikusonyeza kusintha kwenikweni mu zenizeni zokhudza chinthu ankafufuza. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi, zinandipangitsa ena mfundo, ayamikira amapangidwira.

kafukufuku Participatory

Mawu amenewa ndi Anglicism. Wophunzira amatanthauza "chipani". Kuti ndi wapadera chimawala njira ya kafukufuku, imene chinthu kuphunzira wapatsidwa mphamvu ndi ulamuliro kuti atenge kusankha zofunika tokha. Pankhaniyi, zinthu kuphunzira okha kuchita ntchito. Udindo wa kafukufuku wa yafupika kusunga ndi kulemba zotsatira zosiyana. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zinandipangitsa ena mfundo, ayamikira amapangidwira.

kafukufuku maganizo

Palinso kafukufuku maganizo chikhalidwe. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ndi njira yomweyo tafotokozazi. Koma ena akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito. Choncho, nthawi zambiri ntchito zosiyanasiyana kasamalidwe ndi njira yophunzitsa kafukufuku.

1. Ankagwiritsa ntchito Zikatere, ndi kafukufuku (munthuyo ayenera kuyankha mafunso angapo anafunsa kuti iye). Mu kuwerenga maganizo, anthu ambiri amangoti ntchito mafunso kapena njira kuyankhulana.
2. Social kafukufuku maganizo nayenso amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kuti mudziwe pa phunziro, monga mayeso. Iwo akhoza kukhala munthu ndi gulu. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti njira ya kafukufuku ndi osati anthu kapena m'maganizo. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa phunziro choncho.
3. Njira ina yofunika pa kafukufuku Social Psychology - ndi kuyesera. M'kupita kwa njira imeneyi chongopeka analenga zinthu zabwino mmene kuphunzira zina mayankho khalidwe, kapena mfundo zina zofunika za munthu.

Maphunziro a umoyo ndi zachuma

Payokha, muyeneranso kulingalira ndi kumvetsa, kuti ndi phunziro umoyo ndi zachuma. cholinga chawo kuti:

1. Kuphunzira njira zachuma.
2. Kupeza zofunika kwambiri malamulo chikhalidwe.
3. Zotsatira za njira chuma pa moyo wa chinthu kafukufuku.
4. Kudziwa zimayambitsa zisinthe chifukwa njira zina zachuma.
5. Ndipo, ndithudi, kulosera.

Phunziro njira umoyo ndi zachuma angathe kuchitidwa ndi aliyense wa njira tafotokozazi. iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ambiri, chifukwa dera chikhalidwe cha moyo kwambiri zogwirizana ndi zachuma.

Social ndi Political Studies

Nthawi zambiri komanso makamu kafukufuku ndale komanso. cholinga chawo chachikulu ndicho motere:

• Lowunikira wa makonsolo ndi pakati.
• Lowunikira lokhala wosasangalala masankho a anthu.
• Kuona zosowa za magulu osiyana anthu.
• Yotani.
• Kudziŵa umoyo ndale mavuto umoyo ndi zachuma za chinthu kafukufuku.
• Kuphunzira mlingo wa mavuto zokhudza chinthu kafukufuku.

Tikumbukenso kuti maphunziro awa makamaka ikuchitika nthawi pamaso chisankho. Pankhaniyi, iwo ntchito onse njira pamwambapa. Koma nawonso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula ndi kusanthula poyerekeza (ngakhale ena njira za kafukufuku chikhalidwe).

gulu kafukufuku

Kuphunzira njira chikhalidwe - ichi ndi kwambiri nthawi wonyeketsa ntchito. Ndipotu, m'pofunika kukonzekera ndondomeko kumene zinthu zonse zofunika adzakhala sizinatchulidwe. Choncho, chikalata ichi ayenera muli:

1. Information za chinthu ndi phunziro la.
2. Nkofunika Pre-kusankha njira kufufuza.
3. Poyamba zotchulidwa monga ananena kungoganizira. Ndiko kunena kuti malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira ayenera kupeza chifukwa.

strategy kafukufuku

phunziro lililonse la mavuto zikuphatikizapo siteji, njira kafukufuku. Pre ndi Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kufufuza aliyense akhoza kukhala kupitiriza m'mbuyomo kapena kuganiza khalidwe kufanana zochita zina umalimbana kupeza mfundo kapena kusintha mu zenizeni zokhudza chinthu anasankha. strategy Izi zikuphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Zolinga ndi mafunso (n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira, zimene mukufuna kupeza chifukwa, ndi zina zotero. D.).
• Kuphunzira zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana ongolankhula ndi njira.
• Onetsetsani kuphunzira chuma (ndalama ndi nthawi kuti agwire wopita).
• Zosonkhanitsira deta.
• Kusankha malo phunziro, mwachitsanzo. E. Data chizindikiritso.
• Posankha kulamulira ndondomeko ya phunziroli.

Mitundu kuphunzira choncho angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Kotero, izo zikanakhoza kukhala phunziro woyendetsa, pamene nkhaniyo ali wamng'ono kudziwika ndi pafupifupi osadziwika. Pali m'modzi nthawi yophunzira (pamene salinso kubwerera ku chinthu), kapena mobwerezabwereza. Kotenga, kapena polojekiti, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chinthu amaphunzira nthawi mosinthanasinthana akonzedwa.

Kafukufuku munda ikuchitika zinthu mwachizolowezi kwa chinthu. Laboratory - chongopeka analenga. An Phunziro wazotsatira zochokera zochita kapena zochita za chinthu, ndi ongolankhula - kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira zimene ananena kapena khalidwe chinthu kafukufuku chikhalidwe.

Pamakhala kusankha njira kafukufuku (ambiri a iwo tafotokozazi). Dziwani kuti ndi njira yofunika kwambiri m'chigawo chachikulu deta wakupatsani kuti zotsatira zina ndi kujambula zinthu zina. Nkofunika preliminarily kudziwa njira ndi processing zimene timaphunzira. Iyi ndi zowerengera, majini, kapena zochitika experimental kusanthula mawerengeredwe ndi T chikhalidwe. D.