Kapangidwe anatomical wa chotulukira anthu

Chotulukira - ndi mbali yomaliza ya intestine, kupyolera mu thupi la chitaya chopondapo (ie, zotsala za chakudya zinyalala).

Kapangidwe ka chotulukira anthu

Chotulukira sphincters zochepa zomwe anapanga minofu. mphete amenewa minofu zofunika kulamulira kutsegula ndi kutseka chotulukira lapansi. Mu thupi, awiri a sphincter anorectal:

• Mumtima ongokhala thickening minofu yosalala rectum ndi sali pansi pa kutsitsimuka. m'litali ndi ku hafu zitatu ndi theka masentimita.
• Kunja ongokhala minofu striated m'manja mwa chikumbumtima. M'litali zimasiyanasiyana ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi theka masentimita.

Izo zikutsiriza chotulukira kumatako malire, zomwe ndi lakuthwa kusintha squamous mucosa mwake wapotalikira anorectal ngalande pakhungu kuphimba crotch. Khungu m'dera kumatako zambiri pa inki (i.e. ndi mdima mtundu) ndi makwinya chifukwa kukhalapo kwa sphincter kunja.

Ana, ndi chotulukira ili dorsally kuposa akuluakulu, pafupifupi makumi awiri millimeters ku coccyx lapansi. The awiri a chotulukira, ndi amangoona itatu kapena isanu masentimita, ndi kutalika njira ranges ku masentimita atatu kapena asanu. Kuwonjezera sphincter, mu thumbo kutseka zida zikuphatikizapo kuti azitha atamva chotulukira ndi minofu ya zakulera m'chiuno.

Kapangidwe ka chotulukira akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu:

1. Mucous mu gawo limeneli amaperekedwa ndi makutu kotenga, pakati akupezeka crypts (sinuses kumatako), kumene mabowo zili zopangitsa kumatako.
2. Area yokutidwa multilayer lathyathyathya epithelium.
3. multilayer Izi TACHIMATA anapambulwa keratinized squamous epithelium ndipo amaperekedwa ndi sebaceous ambiri ndi zopangitsa thukuta ndi tsitsi.

The chotulukira ndi rectum zachitika magazi network komanso ambiri molekezera mitsempha, kulola mwadala sachedwa kuchita defecation, ndipo nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kudzimbidwa neurogenic.

The zimachititsa chilumbachi wa chotulukira ndi

Nyumba kuti mwachindunji kucheza ndi ngalande kumatako, - ndi ampoule thumbo ndi sigmoid m'matumbo. The ngalande kumatako lili perineum lapansi. Kutsogolo kwa rectum ndi pafupi ndi vesicles umuna, vas deferens ampoules, chikhodzodzo ndi prostate anthu. Akazi zili mu nyini kutsogolo ndi chiberekero. Channel kumathera chotulukira. Chimachititsa sphincter kunja ntchito anococcygeal mitsempha amamangiriridwa coccyx lapansi.

M'dera crotch kumbuyo ndiponso m'mbali mwa chotulukira anakonza wophatikizidwa maenje ischiorectal ndi mawonekedwe prism ndi kudzazidwa ndi mafuta minofu, amene anayesedwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Mu mazunzo ndi mabowo yachigawo ndi mawonekedwe a Triangles. Mpanda lateral dzenje anapanga obturator minofu ndi tuberosity ischial (mkati padziko), medial - ndi kunja sphincter minofu amene amaukitsa chotulukira. Kumbuyo khoma la dzenje anapanga coccygeal minofu ndi matabwa ake kumbuyo kuti amaukitsa chotulukira ndipo kutsogolo - yopingasa perineal minofu. Adipose minofu, limene lili mu M'mimbamo maenje ischiorectal, amachita ntchito ya zotanuka ndinapirira khushoni.

Kapangidwe ka chotulukira wamkazi

Mu thupi akazi rectum kutsogolo ndi pafupi nyini ndipo iwowa ndi wosiyana wosanjikiza woonda Denovile-Salishcheva. Chifukwa cha ziwalo structural wa chotulukira ndi rectum mu akazi oimira opatsirana ndi neoplastic mosavuta kudutsa kuchokera M'mimbamo wina ndi mzake, imbaenda kuna mapangidwe fistula rectovaginal chifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuvulala kapena utaphulika wa perineum wa pobereka.

Kapangidwe ka chotulukira ku akazi kumabweretsa mawonekedwe ake mu mawonekedwe a maphunziro lathyathyathya kapena pang'ono yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda patsogolo. Amanena izi chakuti mu ndondomeko ya kubala masulani minofu ya perineum ndi minofu kuti atamva chotulukira, kutaya luso lawo mgwirizano.

Features wa chotulukira anthu

Kapangidwe ka chotulukira wamwamuna ali kusiyana. Amuna (makamaka akulu) chotulukira zikuwoneka ngati nyuzi a. Mpanda kutsogolo kwa ngalande kumatako ndi pafupi ndi babu la mkodzo ndi pamwamba a prostate. Komanso, makulidwe a mkati amuna sphincter kuposa akazi.

Ntchito ya chotulukira ndi rectum

Rectum udindo kuchotsa zinyalala zinthu thupi. Komanso pali limapezeka mayamwidwe madzi. Choncho, dewatering ndi kukanikiza ndowe kumbuyo mu thupi akubwereranso zinayi malita a madzimadzi patsiku. Pamodzi ndi madzimadzi mawere kumbuyo microelements. Thumbo ampoule ndi mgodi kwa ndowe, imbaenda kudzikundikira hyperinflation intestine makoma kupanga mitsempha Apa ndi pamene zotsatira za Tisaiwale kuti defecation (defecation).

Ndipo tsopano ntchito chotulukira. Pokhala mu voteji zonse, sphincters ake kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa ndowe (defecation) ndi mpweya kuchoka ku intestine (flatulentsiyu).

kudwala chotulukira

• Zotupa.
• Zotupa.
• Chophukacho.
• Various zopindika mucosa (cysts, fissures kumatako, zilonda).
• njira yotupa (abscesses, abscess, proctitis, fistulas).
• Kobadwa nako boma (kumatako atresia).

kuphipha wa sphincter ndi

Malinga ndi dongosolo la chotulukira ndi mawonetseredwe lililonse la pathologies pa mundawo matumbo. Mwa zizindikiro ambiri kuphipha wa sphincter (kunja kapena mkati), zomwe ndi ululu kapena kusamva mu chotulukira lapansi.

Zimayambitsa matenda awa:

• matenda maganizo
• yaitali kudzimbidwa;
• aakulu kutupa m'dera la sphincter mkati kapena kunja;
• kwambiri innervation.

Choncho nthawi zimatulutsa:

• Yaitali kuphipha yodziwika ndi ululu umene si retract kutenga analgesics wamba.
• Chosakhalitsa spasms - mwadzidzidzi mwachidule lakuthwa ululu chotulukira ndi, anakafika ku malo m'chiuno kapena tailbone.

Timauza kuphipha kungakhale:

• chachikulu (chifukwa matenda a ubongo);
• sekondale (chifukwa mavuto m'matumbo kwambiri).

Kuwonekera kwa chizindikiro awa:

• maonekedwe a ululu chifukwa nkhawa;
• stoped ululu defecation kapena pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda;
• ululu waukulu isanafalikire mu chotulukira ndi kupereka kwa coccyx, mafupa a chiuno (perineum) kapena m'mimba.

Matenda a njira pathological

• Yopangidwa tomography angazindikire ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi zina nthenda mapangidwe.
• biopsy A ntchito kudziwa chotupa chija njira chotupa.
• Anoscopy (rektomanoskopiya) ntchito kuti aone mkhalidwe wa mucous chotulukira komanso kutenga mfundo biopsy.
• Anorectal manometry. Malinga ndi dongosolo la chotulukira (onani chithunzi pamwambapa.) Ikuchitika matenda zida minofu (sphincter) chotulukira. Nthawi zambiri minofu kumatako ndi maximally anatambasula kulamulira defecation ndi flatulentsiey. Peresenti eyite-faifi a kamvekedwe woyambira wa kumatako ndi anachita mkati kumatako sphincter. Mu nkhani ya kusowa osakwanira kapena kugwirizana pakati pa nyama pansi m'chiuno ndipo sphincter kumatako akufotokozera diskheziya umene umapereka n'kovuta defecation ndi kudzimbidwa.
• Thumbo bwino. njira uwu ukuulula chophukacho, prolapse wa matumbo, chiberekero, zotupa, fistulas, fissures ndi matenda ena a chotulukira ndi rectum.
• US chotulukira. Pamaziko a phunziroli tiona kukhulupirira kukhalapo kwa zotupa, kuona malo awo ndi kukula, kudziwa zotupa ndi zina zotero.

Kusapeza m'dera anorectal

Kapangidwe anatomical wa chotulukira ndi khungu mderali makamaka tcheru, ndipo makutu ake pamene sanali kugwilizana ndi ukhondo, kawirikawiri kudzimbidwa kapena m'mimba akhoza nyumba mabakiteriya zingachititse kusapeza, kuyabwa, kuyabwa, fungo ndi ululu.

Kuchepetsa zizindikiro zimenezi ndi kuteteza awo ayenera kukhala:

• Sambani chotulukira ndi khungu mozungulira ndi madzi opanda sopo (yotsirizira akhoza ziume khungu ndipo zotsatira zake, kungachititse kuti azunzike kwambiri). M'pofunika kupereka mmalo utsi "Kavilon" kapena kumwa mowa ufulu Pochotsa (monga pepala chimbudzi limakhumudwitsa khungu).
• Khungu m'dera kumatako ayenera kukhala wouma.
• M'pofunika kupereka chotchinga Zakudza chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa kirimu "Dimethicone" amalenga filimu zoteteza khungu padziko chotulukira lapansi.
• Ntchito ya ufa mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, talc kapena cornstarch). Iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chisanadze kutsukidwa ndi zouma khungu.
• Ntchito nsalu disposable kapena mapadi chinyezi-kungolandira.
• Ntchito "breathable" kabudula ndi zovala kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe ufulu odulidwa kuti si asagwiritse kuyenda.
• Pankhani ya incontinence fecal, mwamsanga pamene muyenera m'malo kabudula wa.

chithandizo

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala makamaka zimadalira chikhalidwe cha matenda. Pamene kuphipha wa sphincter koposa zonse kuthetsa zifukwa zomwe zinatipangitsa iwo. Komanso, mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi amapatsidwa, antibacterials, dzanzi ndi spasmolytics mu mawonekedwe a mafuta / suppositories, komanso mankhwala thupi, magetsi, ofunsira, kutikitirako yaying'ono mankhwala. Ndi kupanda chithandizo ndiwofatsa ikuchitika ntchito opaleshoni.

Hemorrhoid mankhwala ikuchitika ntchito makandulo wapadera ndi zodzola, komanso njira opaleshoni. matenda kobadwa nako (atresia wa chotulukira ndi) amene amafunika opareshoni ya msangamsanga. Zotupa za chotulukira azisonyeza ndi osakaniza cheza ndi mankhwala amphamvu, komanso kuchotsa opaleshoni ya zotupa. Ming'alu m'dera chotulukira mwangwiro n'ngochiritsika ndi malo osambira wapadera, zakudya, kuchiritsa makandulo ndi creams, komanso opaleshoni. Chophukacho ndi thumbo prolapse kuthetsa njira opaleshoni.